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Vortex nucleation in Bose-Einstein condensates in time-dependent traps

Emil Lundh·J. -P. Martikainen·Kalle-Antti Suominen
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Abstract

Vortex nucleation in a Bose-Einstein condensate subject to a stirring potential is studied numerically using the zero-temperature, two-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation. It is found that this theory is able to describe the creation of vortices, but not the crystallization of a vortex lattice. In the case of a rotating, slightly anisotropic harmonic potential, the numerical results reproduce experimental findings, thereby showing that finite temperatures are not necessary for vortex excitation below the quadrupole frequency. In the case of a condensate subject to stirring by a narrow rotating potential, the process of vortex excitation is described by a classical model that treats the multitude of vortices created by the stirrer as a continuously distributed vorticity at the center of the cloud, but retains a potential flow pattern at large distances from the center.

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Emil Lundh, J. -P. Martikainen, Kalle-Antti Suominen. 2003-03-13. Vortex nucleation in Bose-Einstein condensates in time-dependent traps. https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.67.063604

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