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Splitting of a doubly quantized vortex through intertwining in Bose-Einstein condensates

M. Mottonen·T. Mizushima·T. Isoshima·M. M. Salomaa·K. Machida
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Abstract

The stability of doubly quantized vortices in dilute Bose-Einstein condensates of 23Na is examined at zero temperature. The eigenmode spectrum of the Bogoliubov equations for a harmonically trapped cigar-shaped condensate is computed and it is found that the doubly quantized vortex is spectrally unstable towards dissection into two singly quantized vortices. By numerically solving the full three-dimensional time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation, it is found that the two singly quantized vortices intertwine before decaying. This work provides an interpretation of recent experiments [A. E. Leanhardt et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 190403 (2002)].

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M. Mottonen, T. Mizushima, T. Isoshima, M. M. Salomaa, K. Machida. 2003-06-19. Splitting of a doubly quantized vortex through intertwining in Bose-Einstein condensates. https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.68.023611

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