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Solitons, solitonic vortices, and vortex rings in a confined Bose-Einstein condensate

S. Komineas·N. Papanicolaou
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Abstract

Quasi-one-dimensional solitons that may occur in an elongated Bose-Einstein condensate become unstable at high particle density. We study two basic modes of instability and the corresponding bifurcations to genuinely three-dimensional solitary waves such as axisymmetric vortex rings and non-axisymmetric solitonic vortices. We calculate the profiles of the above structures and examine their dependence on the velocity of propagation along a cylindrical trap. At sufficiently high velocity, both the vortex ring and the solitonic vortex transform into an axisymmetric soliton. We also calculate the energy-momentum dispersions and show that a Lieb-type mode appears in the excitation spectrum for all particle densities.

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S. Komineas, N. Papanicolaou. 2003-11-12. Solitons, solitonic vortices, and vortex rings in a confined Bose-Einstein condensate. https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.68.043617

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