Nonextensive thermodynamics of the two-site Hubbard model: Canonical ensembles

Abstract

Canonical ensembles consisting of $M$-unit $Hubbard$ $dimers$ have been studies within the nonextensive statistics (NES). The temperature dependences of the energy, entropy, specific heat and susceptibility have been calculated for the number of dimers, $M = 1, 2, 3$ and $\infty$. We have assumed the relation between the entropic index $q$ and the cluster size $N$ given by $q=1+2/N$ ($N = 2\:M$ for $M$ dimers), which was previously derived by several methods. For relating the physical temperature $T$ to the Lagrange multiplier $β$, two methods have been adopted: $T=1/k_B β$ in the method A [Tsallis {\it et al.} Physica A {\bf 261}, 534 (1998)], and $T=c_q/k_B β$ in the method B [Abe {\it et al.} Phys. Lett. A {\bf 281}, 126 (2001)], where $k_B$ denotes the Boltzman constant, $c_q= \sum_i p_i^q$, and $p_i$ the probability distribution of the $i$th state. The susceptibility and specific heat of spin dimers ({\it Heisenberg dimers}) described by the Heisenberg model have been discussed also by using the NES with the methods A and B. A comparison between the two methods suggests that the method B may be more reasonable than the method A for nonextensive systems.