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Consequences of the Pauli exclusion principle for the Bose-Einstein condensation of atoms and excitons

S. M. A. Rombouts·L. Pollet·K. Van Houcke
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Abstract

The bosonic atoms used in present day experiments on Bose-Einstein condensation are made up of fermionic electrons and nucleons. In this Letter we demonstrate how the Pauli exclusion principle for these constituents puts an upper limit on the Bose-Einstein-condensed fraction. Detailed numerical results are presented for hydrogen atoms in a cubic volume and for excitons in semiconductors and semiconductor bilayer systems. The resulting condensate depletion scales differently from what one expects for bosons with a repulsive hard-core interaction. At high densities, Pauli exclusion results in significantly more condensate depletion. These results also shed a new light on the low condensed fraction in liquid helium II.

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S. M. A. Rombouts, L. Pollet, K. Van Houcke. 2005-05-19. Consequences of the Pauli exclusion principle for the Bose-Einstein condensation of atoms and excitons. https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0501665

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