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How long does it take for the Kondo effect to develop?

Peter Nordlander·Michael Pustilnik·Yigal Meir·Ned S. Wingreen·David C. Langreth
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Abstract

The time-development of the Kondo effect is theoretically investigated by studying a quantum dot suddenly shifted into the Kondo regime by a change of voltage on a nearby gate. Using time-dependent versions of both the Anderson and Kondo Hamiltonians, it is shown that after a time $t$ following the voltage shift, the form of the Kondo resonance matches the {\it time-independent} resonance at an effective temperature $T_{eff} = T/\tanh(πT t/2)$. Relevance of the buildup of the Kondo resonance to the transport current through a quantum dot is demonstrated.

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Peter Nordlander, Michael Pustilnik, Yigal Meir, Ned S. Wingreen, David C. Langreth. 1999-03-15. How long does it take for the Kondo effect to develop?. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.83.808

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