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Nucleation of vortex arrays in rotating anisotropic Bose-Einstein condensates

David L. Feder·Charles W. Clark·Barry I. Schneider
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Abstract

The nucleation of vortices and the resulting structures of vortex arrays in dilute, trapped, zero-temperature Bose-Einstein condensates are investigated numerically. Vortices are generated by rotating a three-dimensional, anisotropic harmonic atom trap. The condensate ground state is obtained by propagating the Gross-Pitaevskii equation in imaginary time. Vortices first appear at a rotation frequency significantly larger than the critical frequency for vortex stabilization. This is consistent with a critical velocity mechanism for vortex nucleation. At higher frequencies, the structures of the vortex arrays are strongly influenced by trap geometry.

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David L. Feder, Charles W. Clark, Barry I. Schneider. 1999-10-19. Nucleation of vortex arrays in rotating anisotropic Bose-Einstein condensates. https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.61.011601

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