Low Velocity Gravitational Capture by Long Cosmic Strings

Abstract

Coupled ordinary differential equations are derived for the distant gravitational interaction of a compact object of mass M and charge Q with an initially straight, infinitely long, cosmic string of tension mu << 1/G = 1, when the relative velocities are very low compared to the speed of light c = 1. (An intermediate result of this derivation is that any localized force F(t) on the string that is confined to a single plane perpendicular to the initial string configuration gives the intersection of the string with this plane -- the point where the force is applied -- the velocity F(t)/(2 mu).) The coupled equations are then used to calculate the critical impact parameter b for marginal gravitational capture as a function of the incident velocity v. For v<<(1-Q^2/M^2)^(1/3) mu^(2/3), so that the string acts relatively stiffly, b = (pi/4)[12 mu^3 (1-Q^2/M^2)^4]^(1/5) M v^(-7/5) + O(M v^(-1/5)). For (1-Q^2/M^2)^(1/3) mu^(2/3) << v << 1 - Q^2/M^2$, so that the string acts essentially as a test string that stays nearly straight, b = [(pi/2)(1-Q^2/M^2)]^(1/2) M v^(-1/2) + O(M v^(-2)). Between these two limits the critical impact parameter is found numerically to fit a simple algebraic combination of these two formulas to better than 99.5% accuracy.