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arXiv · 2606.31120

Quantum work extraction of an accelerated battery as an indicator of trajectory-modified vacuum fluctuations in Minkowski spacetime

Xiang Hao·Cheng-Tai Wu·Wei-Wei Zhang·Gao-Feng Gan·Tian-Xi Ren·Jia-Yin Shen·Yin-Zhong Wu
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Abstract

We put forward a physical model of an accelerated Unruh-DeWitt battery moving along two distinct types of trajectories, namely a uniformly accelerated linear motion and a uniform circular motion. Each trajectory is considered without or with a reflecting boundary. The maximal amount of quantum work extraction, defined as the ergotropy, serves as a witness to vacuum fluctuations modified by motion trajectories. The asymptotic behavior of ergotropy in a linear motion can demonstrate the Unruh thermality with respect to the Kubo-Martin-Schwinger condition, which is independent of the presence of a boundary. Comparing two kinds of trajectories, we find that for a very low Unruh temperature, linear motion yields a high amount of ergotropy, while for a high temperature, circular motion becomes optimal for estimating the Unruh effect. For a certain acceleration, quantum work extraction is the same for two different trajectories. The observed ergotropy for the thermality is closely related to quantum coherence affected by trajectory-modified vacuum fluctuations. In the presence of a reflecting boundary plane, we study different ways for the dynamics of the ergotropy. When the battery moves near the boundary, the prominent oscillation of the ergotropy will happen and exhibit some large instantaneous peaks. The interesting phenomenon results from the protection of quantum coherence for the accelerated battery in the vicinity of the boundary. Far away from the boundary, the oscillation behavior can be suppressed and the ergotropy rapidly arrives at a steady value. By contrast, the circular motion contributes to prolonging the oscillation evolution. The asymptotic amount of the ergotropy can rise progressively up to a saturation value with increasing the distance from the circular trajectory to the boundary plane.

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Xiang Hao, Cheng-Tai Wu, Wei-Wei Zhang, Gao-Feng Gan, Tian-Xi Ren, Jia-Yin Shen, Yin-Zhong Wu. 2026-06-30. Quantum work extraction of an accelerated battery as an indicator of trajectory-modified vacuum fluctuations in Minkowski spacetime. https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.31120

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