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Energy-Momentum (Quasi-)Localization for Gravitating Systems

Chia-Chen Chang·James M. Nester·Chiang-Mei Chen
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Abstract

Traditional approaches to energy-momentum localization led to reference frame dependent pseudotensors. The more modern idea is quasilocal energy-momentum. We take a Hamiltonian approach. The Hamiltonian boundary term gives not only the quasilocal values but also boundary conditions via the Hamiltonian variation boundary principle. Selecting a Hamiltonian boundary term involves several choices. We found that superpotentials can serve as Hamiltonian boundary terms, consequently pseudotensors are actually quasilocal and legitimate. Various Hamiltonian boundary term quasilocal expressions are considered including some famous pseudotensors, Møller's tetrad-teleparallel ``tensor'', Chen's covariant expressions, the expressions of Katz & coworkers, the expression of Brown & York, and some spinor expressions. We emphasize the need for identifying criteria for a good choice.

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Chia-Chen Chang, James M. Nester, Chiang-Mei Chen. 1999-12-15. Energy-Momentum (Quasi-)Localization for Gravitating Systems. https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9912058

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