CKM Matrix and Fermion Masses in the Dualized Standard Model

Abstract

A Dualized Standard Model recently proposed affords a natural explanation for the existence of Higgs fields and of exactly 3 generations of fermions, while giving at the same time the observed fermion mass hierarchy together with a tree-level CKM matrix equal to the identity matrix. It further suggests a method for generating from loop corrections the lower generation masses and nondiagonal CKM matrix elements. In this paper, the proposed calculation is carried out to 1-loop. It is found first that with the method suggested one can account readily for the masses of the second generation fermions as a `leakage' from the highest generation. Then, with the Yukawa couplings fixed by fitting the masses of the 2 higher generations, one is left with only 2 free parameters to evaluate the CKM matrix and the masses in the lowest generation. One obtains a very good fit to the CKM matrix and sensible values for the masses of $d$ and $e$, though, for a valid reason, not of $u$. In addition, the fitted values of the Yukawa couplings and vacuum expectation values of the dual colour Higgs fields show remarkable features perhaps indicative of a deeper significance.