Pluricomplex Green and Lempert functions for equally weighted poles

Abstract

For $Ω$ a domain in $\mathbb C^n$, the pluricomplex Green function with poles $a_1, ...,a_N \in Ω$ is defined as $G(z):=\sup \{u(z): u\in PSH_-(Ω), u(x)\le \log \|x-a_j\|+C_j \text{when} x \to a_j, j=1,...,N \}$. When there is only one pole, or two poles in the unit ball, it turns out to be equal to the Lempert function defined from analytic disks into $Ω$ by $L_S (z) :=\inf \{\sum^N_{j=1}ν_j\log|ζ_j|: \exists ϕ\in \mathcal {O}(\mathbb D,Ω), ϕ(0)=z, ϕ(ζ_j)=a_j, j=1,...,N \}$. It is known that we always have $L_S (z) \ge G_S(z)$. In the more general case where we allow weighted poles, there is a counterexample to equality due to Carlehed and Wiegerinck, with $Ω$ equal to the bidisk. Here we exhibit a counterexample using only four distinct equally weighted poles in the bidisk. In order to do so, we first define a more general notion of Lempert function "with multiplicities", analogous to the generalized Green functions of Lelong and Rashkovskii, then we show how in some examples this can be realized as a limit of regular Lempert functions when the poles tend to each other. Finally, from an example where $L_S (z) > G_S(z)$ in the case of multiple poles, we deduce that distinct (but close enough) equally weighted poles will provide an example of the same inequality. Open questions are pointed out about the limits of Green and Lempert functions when poles tend to each other.