Nuclear Magnetic Resonance with the Distant Dipolar Field

Curtis Andrew Corum

Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · physics/0507103

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance with the Distant Dipolar Field

Curtis Andrew Corum

View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Distant dipolar field (DDF)-based nuclear magnetic resonance is an active research area with many fundamental properties still not well understood. Already several intriguing applications have developed, like HOMOGENIZED and IDEAL spectroscopy, that allow high resolution spectra to be obtained in inhomogeneous fields, such as in-vivo. The theoretical and experimental research in this thesis concentrates on the fundamental signal properties of DDF-based sequences in the presence of relaxation (T1 and T2) and diffusion. A general introduction to magnetic resonance phenomenon is followed by a more in depth introduction to the DDF and its effects. A novel analytical signal equation has been developed to describe the effects of T2 relaxation and diffusing spatially modulated longitudinal spins during the signal build period of an HOMOGENIZED cross peak. Diffusion of the longitudinal spins results in a lengthening of the effective dipolar demagnetization time, delaying the re-phasing of coupled anti-phase states in the quantum picture. In the classical picture the unwinding rate of spatially twisted magnetization is no longer constant, but decays exponentially with time. The expression is experimentally verified for the HOMOGENIZED spectrum of 100mM TSP in H2O at 4.7T. Equations have also been developed for the case of multiple repetition steady state 1d and 2d spectroscopic sequences with incomplete magnetization recovery, leading to spatially varying longitudinal magnetization. Experimental verification has been accomplished by imaging the profile. The equations should be found generally applicable for those interested in DDF-based spectroscopy and imaging.

Explore related subjects

physics.med-ph

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeX RIS

Curtis Andrew Corum. 2005-07-13. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance with the Distant Dipolar Field. https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0507103

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Phase-contrast micro-CT for intra-operative breast tumour margin assessment using a microfocus x-ray source and photon-counting detector

Objective: Intra-operative tumour margin assessment during breast-conserving surgery requires rapid, high-resolution imaging of excised tissue, allowing the surgical team to take appropriate action within a single operation. This study evaluates a custom propagation-based phase-contrast micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) system designed to meet these clinical constraints without specialised optical elements. Methods: The experimental setup pairs a microfocus x-ray source with a photon-counting detector in a cone-beam geometry. We explore how the spatial coherence of the source can provide propagation-based phase contrast -- with no additional specialised optical elements -- and balance this against maximising the x-ray flux of the cone-beam geometry. System performance was evaluated across two anode target materials and filtration configurations at various tube power settings. Imaging capabilities were validated using anthropomorphic breast tissue phantoms and a formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast tissue specimen, with reconstructions compared against gold-standard histology. Results: An unfiltered tungsten target operated at 40 kVp yielded optimal image quality. The optimised system achieved high-resolution CT reconstructions of a 5 cm diameter sample with an isotropic voxel size of 40.7 $\upmu\text{m}$ in a scan time of 12 minutes. Reconstructed volumes demonstrated strong visual correlation with corresponding histology slides. Conclusion: Combining a microfocus source with a photon-counting detector enables high-resolution, phase-contrast micro-CT within a clinically viable timeframe, demonstrating strong potential for intra-operative margin assessment.

physics.med-ph↗

arXiv2026

Understanding Search and Decision Errors in Liver Metastasis Detection and the Effects of Lower Radiation Dose

The detection performance of liver metastases decreases with the reduction of radiation dose, but misses are heterogeneous. Previous eye tracking work has characterized missed metastases into two categories: search errors i.e., the eyes never land on the lesion, and decision errors i.e., the lesion is seen but not recognized as malignant. We integrated three prior reader studies to answer this question. In all studies, radiologists interpreted the same set of 40 contrast enhanced abdominal CT exams containing 91 liver metastases whose locations had been previously marked. In two studies, the workstation recorded their gaze and eye movements. Using eye dwell times, metastases were classified as search-error-dominant (majority of misses had <2 sec gaze time) or decision-error-dominant (>2 sec gaze time). In the third study, exams were interpreted both at 120 and 200 quality reference mAs (QRM) by ten radiologists. The third study did not include eye tracking. Out of 91 liver metastases, we excluded 16 that were never missed in the eye tracking studies and used 75 liver metastases for the present study.

physics.med-ph↗

arXiv2026

Develop and Optimize 5DCT Imaging Simulation and Reconstruction Methods

Purpose: To develop and optimize a 5DCT (3D + cardiac phase + respiratory phase) imaging simulation and reconstruction pipeline, and to compare two sinogram-space interpolation methods for reconstructing images at arbitrary combinations of cardiac and respiratory phase. Methods: Helical CT projections were simulated from the 4D XCAT phantom across a range of cardiac and respiratory motion states, with Poisson and electronic noise added. Ground-truth-matched volumes were generated at 5 cardiac phases and 10 respiratory amplitudes (50 total phase combinations). Because acquired projections are sparsely and unevenly distributed across this joint phase space, each target slice was reconstructed by interpolating rebinned sinogram rows to the target cardiac phase and respiratory amplitude, using either 2D scattered barycentric interpolation or 2D scattered local linear interpolation with a circular kernel for cardiac phase. Reconstructed volumes were compared to phantom ground truth using mean absolute error (MAE), and to conventional respiratory-gated 4DCT (r4DCT) reconstructed from the same simulated data. Results: Both interpolation methods eliminated the severe axial misalignment artifacts present when helical projections were reconstructed without phase-space interpolation. Local linear interpolation achieved lower MAE than barycentric interpolation across most tested conditions, with the largest improvement at low pitch. The 5DCT pipeline also produced respiratory-only volumes with fewer residual cardiac-motion artifacts than conventional r4DCT reconstructed from the same projection data, including at standard clinical pitch (0.1). Conclusions: 5DCT reconstruction using sinogram-space interpolation is feasible and can jointly resolve cardiac and respiratory motion with better accuracy than conventional 4DCT reconstruction.

physics.med-ph↗