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A. Derevianko

Publications and source records attributed to A. Derevianko.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2024

229Th-doped nonlinear optical crystals for compact solid-state clocks

The recent laser excitation of the 229Th isomeric transition in a solid-state host opens the door for a portable solid-state nuclear optical clock. However, at present the vacuum-ultraviolet laser systems required for clock operation are not conducive to a fieldable form factor. Here, we propose a possible solution to this problem by using 229Th-doped nonlinear optical crystals, which would allow clock operation without a vacuum-ultraviolet laser system and without the need of maintaining the crystal under vacuum.

physics.optics↗
arXiv2023

Reevaluation of Stark-induced transition polarizabilities in cesium

Extracting electroweak observables from experiments on atomic parity violation (APV) using the Stark interference technique requires accurate knowledge of transition polarizabilities. In cesium, the focus of our paper, the $6S_{1/2}\rightarrow{7S_{1/2}}$ APV amplitude is deduced from the measured ratio of the APV amplitude to the vector transition polarizability, $β$. This ratio was measured with a $0.35\%$ uncertainty by the Boulder group [Science 275, 1759 (1997)]. Currently, there is a sizable discrepancy in different determinations of $β$ critically limiting the interpretation of the APV measurement. The most recent value [Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 073002 (2019)] of $β=27.139(42)\, \mathrm{a.u.}$ was deduced from a semi-empirical sum-over-state determination of the scalar transition polarizability $α$ and the measured $α/β$ ratio [Phys. Rev. A 55, 1007 (1997)]. This value of $β$, however, differs by $\sim 0.7\%$ or $2.8σ$ from the previous determination of $β=26.957(51)$ by [Phys. Rev. A 62, 052101 (2000)] based on the measured ratio $M1/β$ of the magnetic-dipole $6S_{1/2}\rightarrow{7S_{1/2}}$ matrix element to $β$. Here, we revise the determination of $β$ by [Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 073002 (2019)], using a more consistent and more theoretically complete treatment of contributions from the excited intermediate states in the sum-over-state $α/β$ method. Our result of $β=26.887(38)\, \mathrm{a.u.}$ resolves the tension between the $α/β$ and $M1/β$ approaches. We recommend the value of $β=26.912(30)$ obtained by averaging our result and that of [Phys. Rev. A 62, 052101 (2000)].

physics.atom-ph↗
arXiv2023

Nuclear-spin-dependent corrections to the transition polarizability in cesium

The Stark-interference technique is commonly used to amplify the feeble parity-violating signal in atomic experiments. As a result, interpretation of these experiments in terms of electroweak observables requires knowledge of the Stark-induced $E1$ transition amplitudes or, equivalently, transition polarizabilities. While the literature assumes that these transition polarizabilities do not depend on the nuclear spin, here we prove the contrary. The nuclear spin dependence arises due to hyperfine mixing of atomic states and requires a third-order perturbation theory (one hyperfine interaction and two electric-dipole interactions) treatment. We demonstrate that the so far neglected {\em tensor} contribution appears in the transition polarizability and present numerical results for the nuclear-spin-dependent corrections to the $6S_{1/2}\rightarrow{7S_{1/2}}$ transition polarizability in $^{133}$Cs. We investigate the effect of these corrections to transition polarizabilities on the extraction of the $^{133}$Cs anapole moment from the Boulder experiment [Science 275, 1759 (1997)]. We also consider their effect on the extraction of the ratio between the scalar and vector transition polarizabilities from the measurements [Phys. Rev. A 55, 2 (1997)]. While the corrections are minor at the current level of experimental accuracy, our analysis provides a framework for future experiments.

physics.atom-ph↗
arXiv2023

Quantum gravity unchained: Atomic sensors as exotic field telescopes in multi-messenger astronomy

We propose a novel, exotic physics, modality in multi-messenger astronomy. We are interested in a DIRECT detection of exotic fields emitted by the mergers. This approach must be contrasted with the INDIRECT detection strategies, e.g., based on minute exotic-physics induced changes in gravitational wave spectral features. While our strategy seems to be overly optimistic, the numbers do work out. The numbers work out because of (i) the exquisite sensitivity of atomic quantum sensors and because of (ii) the enormous amounts of energy released in the mergers. Bursts of exotic fields may, for example, be produced during the coalescence of black hole singularities, releasing quantum gravity messengers per the title of this contribution. To be detectable by the precision atomic sensors, such fields must be ultralight and ultra-relativistic and we refer to them as exotic low-mass fields (ELFs). Since the fields are massive, the group velocity of ELF bursts is smaller than the speed of light. Thereby the ELF bursts lag behind the gravitational waves. Then LIGO or other gravitational wave observatories would provide a trigger for networks of precision atomic sensors that can listen for the feeble ELF signals. We characterize ELF signatures in the sensors. ELFs would imprint a characteristic anti-chirp signal across the sensor network. This contribution to Moriond-Gravity proceedings summarizes salient points of our previous publication [Dailey et al., Nature Astronomy 5, 150 (2021)]. I aim at a discussion that is informal and accessible yet grounded in quantitative estimates.

physics.ins-det↗
arXiv2023

What can a GNOME do? Search targets for the Global Network of Optical Magnetometers for Exotic physics searches

Numerous observations suggest that there exist undiscovered beyond-the-Standard-Model particles and fields. Because of their unknown nature, these exotic particles and fields could interact with Standard Model particles in many different ways and assume a variety of possible configurations. Here we present an overview of the Global Network of Optical Magnetometers for Exotic physics searches (GNOME), our ongoing experimental program designed to test a wide range of exotic physics scenarios. The GNOME experiment utilizes a worldwide network of shielded atomic magnetometers (and, more recently, comagnetometers) to search for spatially and temporally correlated signals due to torques on atomic spins from exotic fields of astrophysical origin. We survey the temporal characteristics of a variety of possible signals currently under investigation such as those from topological defect dark matter (axion-like particle domain walls), axion-like particle stars, solitons of complex-valued scalar fields (Q-balls), stochastic fluctuations of bosonic dark matter fields, a solar axion-like particle halo, and bursts of ultralight bosonic fields produced by cataclysmic astrophysical events such as binary black hole mergers.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2023

Precision theoretical determination of electric-dipole matrix elements in atomic cesium

We compute the reduced electric-dipole matrix elements $\langle{nS_{1/2}}||D||{n'P_J}\rangle$ with $n=6,7$ and $n'=6,7,\ldots,12$ in cesium using the most complete to date ab initio relativistic coupled-cluster method which includes singles, doubles, perturbative core triples, and valence triples. Our results agree with previous calculations at the linearized single double level but also show large contributions from nonlinear singles and doubles as well as valence triples. We also calculate the normalized ratio $ξ_{n,n'}\equiv(1/\sqrt{2})\langle{nS_{1/2}}||D||{n'P_{1/2}}\rangle/\langle{nS_{1/2}}||D||{n'P_{3/2}}\rangle$ which is important for experimental determination of matrix elements. The ratios $ξ_{6,n}$ display large deviations from the nonrelativistic limit which we associate with Cooper-like minima. Several appendices are provided where we document the procedure for constructing finite basis sets and our implementation of the random phase approximation and Brueckner-orbitals method.

physics.atom-ph↗
arXiv2022

Implications of W-boson mass anomaly for atomic parity violation

We consider the implication of the recent measurement of the W-boson mass $M_W$ [Science 376, 170 (2022)] for atomic parity violation experiments. We show that the change in $M_W$ shifts the Standard Model prediction for the ${}^{133}$Cs nuclear weak charge to $Q_W({}^{133}{\rm Cs})=-72.85(6)$, i.e. by $5.5σ$ from its current value. This brings existing experimental result for $Q_W({}^{133}{\rm Cs})$ into an essential agreement with the Standard Model. Using our revised value for $Q_W({}^{133}{\rm Cs})$, we readjust constraints on physics beyond the Standard Model.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2022

Parity-mixed coupled-cluster formalism for computing parity-violating amplitudes

We formulate a parity-mixed coupled-cluster (PM-CC) approach for high-precision calculations of parity non-conserving amplitudes in mono-valent atoms. Compared to the conventional formalism which uses parity-proper (PP) one-electron orbitals, the PM-CC method is built using parity-mixed (PM) orbitals. The PM orbitals are obtained by solving the Dirac-Hartree-Fock equation with the electron-nucleus electroweak interaction included (PM-DHF). There are several advantages to such a PM-CC formulation: (i) reduced role of correlations, as for the most experimentally-accurate to date ${}^{133}{\rm Cs}\,$ $6S_{1/2}-7S_{1/2}$ transition, the PM-DHF result is only 3% away from the accurate many-body value, while the conventional DHF result is off by 18%; (ii) avoidance of directly summing over intermediate states in expressions for parity non-conserving amplitudes which reduces theoretical uncertainties associated with highly-excited and core-excited intermediate states, and (iii) relatively straightforward upgrade of existing and well-tested large-scale PP-CC codes. We reformulate the CC method in terms of the PM-DHF basis and demonstrate that the cluster amplitudes are complex numbers with opposite parity real and imaginary parts. We then use this fact to map out a strategy through which the new PM-CC scheme may be implemented.

physics.atom-ph↗
arXiv2021

Atomic ionization by scalar dark matter and solar scalars

We calculate the cross-sections of atomic ionization by absorption of scalar particles in the energy range from a few eV to 100 keV. We consider both nonrelativistic particles (dark matter candidates) and relativistic particles which may be produced inside Sun. We provide numerical results for atoms relevant for direct dark matter searches (O, Na, Ar, Ca, Ge, I, Xe, W and Tl). We identify a crucial flaw in previous calculations and show that they overestimated the ionization cross sections by several orders of magnitude due to violation of the orthogonality of the bound and continuum electron wave functions. Using our computed cross-sections, we interpret the recent data from the Xenon1T experiment, establishing the first direct bounds on coupling of scalars to electrons. We argue that the Xenon1T excess can be explained by the emission of scalars from the Sun. While our finding is in a similar tension with astrophysical bounds as the solar axion hypothesis, we establish direct limits on scalar DM for the $\sim 1-10\,\mathrm{keV}$ mass range. We also update axio-ionization cross-sections. Numerical data files are provided.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2021

Precision measurement noise asymmetry and its annual modulation as a dark matter signature

Dark matter may be composed of self-interacting ultralight quantum fields that form macroscopic objects. An example of which includes Q-balls, compact non-topological solitons predicted by a range of theories that are viable dark matter candidates. As the Earth moves through the galaxy, interactions with such objects may leave transient perturbations in terrestrial experiments. Here we propose a new dark matter signature: an asymmetry (and other non-Gaussianities) that may thereby be induced in the noise distributions of precision quantum sensors, such as atomic clocks, magnetometers, and interferometers. Further, we demonstrate that there would be a sizeable annual modulation in these signatures due to the annual variation of the Earth velocity with respect to dark matter halo. As an illustration of our formalism, we apply our method to 6 years of data from the atomic clocks on board GPS satellites and place constraints on couplings for macroscopic dark matter objects with radii R < 10^4 km, the region that is otherwise inaccessible using relatively sparse global networks.

physics.atom-ph↗
arXiv2019

SAGE: A Proposal for a Space Atomic Gravity Explorer

The proposed mission "Space Atomic Gravity Explorer" (SAGE) has the scientific objective to investigate gravitational waves, dark matter, and other fundamental aspects of gravity as well as the connection between gravitational physics and quantum physics using new quantum sensors, namely, optical atomic clocks and atom interferometers based on ultracold strontium atoms.

astro-ph.IM↗
arXiv2019

Gamma Factory at CERN -- novel research tools made of light

We discuss the possibility of creating novel research tools by producing and storing highly relativistic beams of highly ionised atoms in the CERN accelerator complex, and by exciting their atomic degrees of freedom with lasers to produce high-energy photon beams. Intensity of such photon beams would be by several orders of magnitude higher than offered by the presently operating light sources, in the particularly interesting gamma-ray energy domain of 0.1-400 MeV. In this energy range, the high-intensity photon beams can be used to produce secondary beams of polarised electrons, polarised positrons, polarised muons, neutrinos, neutrons and radioactive ions. New research opportunities in a wide domain of fundamental and applied physics can be opened by the Gamma Factory scientific programme based on the above primary and secondary beams.

physics.acc-ph↗
arXiv2018

Search for New Physics with Atoms and Molecules

This article reviews recent developments in tests of fundamental physics using atoms and molecules, including the subjects of parity violation, searches for permanent electric dipole moments, tests of the CPT theorem and Lorentz symmetry, searches for spatiotemporal variation of fundamental constants, tests of quantum electrodynamics, tests of general relativity and the equivalence principle, searches for dark matter, dark energy and extra forces, and tests of the spin-statistics theorem. Key results are presented in the context of potential new physics and in the broader context of similar investigations in other fields. Ongoing and future experiments of the next decade are discussed.

physics.atom-ph↗
arXiv2018

Search for transient ultralight dark matter signatures with networks of precision measurement devices using a Bayesian statistics method

We analyze the prospects of employing a distributed global network of precision measurement devices as a dark matter and exotic physics observatory. In particular, we consider the atomic clocks of the Global Positioning System (GPS), consisting of a constellation of 32 medium-Earth orbit satellites equipped with either Cs or Rb microwave clocks and a number of Earth-based receiver stations, some of which employ highly-stable H-maser atomic clocks. High-accuracy timing data is available for almost two decades. By analyzing the satellite and terrestrial atomic clock data, it is possible to search for transient signatures of exotic physics, such as "clumpy" dark matter and dark energy, effectively transforming the GPS constellation into a 50,000km aperture sensor array. Here we characterize the noise of the GPS satellite atomic clocks, describe the search method based on Bayesian statistics, and test the method using simulated clock data. We present the projected discovery reach using our method, and demonstrate that it can surpass the existing constrains by several order of magnitude for certain models. Our method is not limited in scope to GPS or atomic clock networks, and can also be applied to other networks of precision measurement devices.

astro-ph.IM↗
arXiv2016

Possibility of triple magic trapping of clock and Rydberg states of divalent atoms in optical lattices

We predict the possibility of "triply-magic" optical lattice trapping of neutral divalent atoms. In such a lattice, the ${^1}\!S_{0}$ and ${^3}\!P_{0}$ clock states and an additional Rydberg state experience identical optical potentials, fully mitigating detrimental effects of the motional decoherence. In particular, we show that this triply magic trapping condition can be satisfied for Yb atom at optical wavelengths and for various other divalent systems (Ca, Mg, Hg and Sr) in the UV region. We assess the quality of triple magic trapping conditions by estimating the probability of excitation out of the motional ground state as a result of the excitations between the clock and the Rydberg states. We also calculate trapping laser-induced photoionization rates of divalent Rydberg atoms at magic frequencies. We find that such rates are below the radiative spontaneous-emission rates, due to the presence of Cooper minima in photoionization cross-sections.

physics.atom-ph↗
arXiv2016

Quantum network of neutral atom clocks

We propose a protocol for creating a fully entangled GHZ-type state of neutral atoms in spatially separated optical atomic clocks. In our scheme, local operations make use of the strong dipole-dipole interaction between Rydberg excitations, which give rise to fast and reliable quantum operations involving all atoms in the ensemble. The necessary entanglement between distant ensembles is mediated by single-photon quantum channels and collectively enhanced light-matter couplings. These techniques can be used to create the recently proposed quantum clock network based on neutral atom optical clocks. We specifically analyze a possible realization of this scheme using neutral Yb ensembles.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2014

Hunting for topological dark matter with atomic clocks

The cosmological applications of atomic clocks so far have been limited to searches of the uniform-in-time drift of fundamental constants. In this paper, we point out that a transient in time change of fundamental constants can be induced by dark matter objects that have large spatial extent, and are built from light non-Standard Model fields. The stability of this type of dark matter can be dictated by the topological reasons. We point out that correlated networks of atomic clocks, some of them already in existence, can be used as a powerful tool to search for the topological defect dark matter, thus providing another important fundamental physics application to the ever-improving accuracy of atomic clocks. During the encounter with a topological defect, as it sweeps through the network, initially synchronized clocks will become desynchronized. Time discrepancies between spatially-separated clocks are expected to exhibit a distinct signature, encoding defect's space structure and its interaction strength with the Standard Model fields.

physics.atom-ph↗