Searcharxiv⌕ Search

arXiv subjects

Alexander Volberg

Publications and source records attributed to Alexander Volberg.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
arXiv2011

Sharp Lower bound estimates for vector-valued and matrix-valued multipliers in $L^p$

We generalize the idea of a multiplier in two different ways and generalize a recent result of Geiss, Montomery-Smith and Saksman. First of all, we consider multipliers in the form of a vector acting on a scalar function. Using this technique we compute the sharp lower bound estimate for $L^p$ operator norm of a quadratic perturbation of the real part of the Ahlfors-Beurling operator. Secondly, we consider matrix-valued multipliers to obtain a new proof showing that the $L^p$ operator norm of the Ahlfors-Beurling operator is bounded below by p^*-1.

math.CA↗
arXiv2011

On Burkholder function for orthogonal martingales and zeros of Legendre polynomials

Burkholder obtained a sharp estimate of $\E|W|^p$ via $\E|Z|^p$, where $W$ is a martingale transform of $Z$, or, in other words, for martingales $W$ differentially subordinated to martingales $Z$. His result is that $\E|W|^p\le (p^*-1)^p\E|Z|^p$, where $p^* =\max (p, \frac{p}{p-1})$. What happens if the martingales have an extra property of being orthogonal martingales? This property is an analog (for martingales) of the Cauchy-Riemann equation for functions, and it naturally appears from a problem on singular integrals (see the references at the end of Section~1). We establish here that in this case the constant is quite different. Actually, $\E|W|^p\le (\frac{1+z_p}{1-z_p})^p\E|Z|^p$, $p\ge 2$, where $z_p$ is a specific zero of a certain solution of a Legendre ODE. We also prove the sharpness of this estimate. Asymptotically, $(1+z_p)/(1-z_p)=(4j^{-2}_0+o(1))p$, $p\to\infty$, where $j_0$ is the first positive zero of the Bessel function of zero order. This connection with zeros of special functions (and orthogonal polynomials for $p=n(n+1)$) is rather unexpected.

math.CA↗
arXiv2011

The $L^p-$Operator Norm of a Quadratic Perturbation of the Real Part of the Ahlfors--Beurling Operator

We will explain how to compute the exact $L^p$ operator norm of a "quadratic perturbation" of the real part of the Ahlfors--Beurling operator. For the lower bound estimate we use a new approach of constructing a sequence of laminates (probability measures for which Jensen's inequality holds, but for rank one concave functions) to give an almost extremal sequence to approximate the operator. The upper bound estimate is given by extending the estimates of the quadratic perturbation of the martingale transform to continuous martingales. The use of "heat martingales" then allow us to connect the Riesz transforms to the continuous martingale estimate.

math.AP↗
arXiv2011

Subordination by orthogonal martingales in $L^{p}$ and zeros of Laguerre polynomials

In this paper we address the question of finding the best $L^p$-norm constant for martingale transforms with one-sided orthogonality. We consider two martingales on a probability space with filtration $\mathcal{B}$ generated by a two-dimensional Brownian motion $B_t$. One is differentially subordinated to the other. Here we find the sharp estimate for subordinate martingales if the subordinated martingale is orthogonal and $1 2$, but the orthogonal martingale is a subordinator. The answers are given in terms of zeros of Laguerre polynomials. As an application of our sharp constant we obtain a new estimate for the norm of theAhlfors--Beurling operator. We estimate it as $1.3922(p-1)$ asymptotically for large $p$.

math.PR↗
arXiv2011

The Muckenhoupt $A_\infty$ class as a metric space and continuity of weighted estimates

We show how the $A_\infty$ class of weights can be considered as a metric space. As far as we know this is the first time that a metric d is considered on this set. We use this metric to generalize the results obtained in [9]. Namely, we show that for any Calderon- Zygmund operator T and an $A_p$, 1 < p < 1, weight $w_0$, the operator norm of T in $L^{p}(w)$ converge to the operator norm of T in L^{p}(w_{0})$ as d(w;w_0) goes to 0. We also find the rate of this convergence and prove that is sharp.

math.CA↗
arXiv2011

Bellman function technique in Harmonic Analysis. Lectures of INRIA Summer School in Antibes, June 2011

It is strange but fruitful to think about the functions as random processes. Any function can be viewed as a martingale (in many different ways) with discrete time. But it can be useful to have continuous time too. Processes can emulate functions, expectation of profit functional on the solution of stochastic differential equation can emulate the functional on usual familiar functions. The advantage is that now we have "all" admissible functions "enumerated" as solutions of one stochastic differential equation, and choosing the best function optimizing a given functional becomes a problem of choosing the right control process. But such problem has been long since solved in the part of mathematics called Stochastic Optimal Control. So-called Bellman equation reduces an infinite dimensional problem of choosing the best control to a finite dimensional (but non-linear as a rule) PDE called Bellman equation. Its solution, called Bellman function of a given optimization problem, gives us a lot of information about optimum and optimizers. This method gave some interesting results in the classical Harmonic Analysis, having on the surface nothing to do with probability. Sometimes the results obtained by this method did not find "classical" proofs so far. It is especially well-suited to estimates of singular integrals, probably because of the underlying probabilistic structure of classical singular integrals.

math.PR↗
arXiv2011

Analytical model for laser-assisted recombination of hydrogenic atoms

We introduce a new method that allows one to obtain an analytical cross section for the laser-assisted electron-ion collision in a closed form. As an example we perform a calculation for the hydrogen laser-assisted recombination. The $S$-matrix element for the process is constructed from an exact electron Coulomb-Volkov wave function and an approximate laser modified hydrogen state. An explicit expression for the field-enhancement coefficient of the process is expressed in terms of the dimensionless parameter $κ= |{eε_{0}}/{qω_{0}}|^{2}$, where $e$ and $q$ are the electron charge and momentum respectively, and $ε_{0}$ and $ω_{0}$ are the amplitude and frequency of the laser field respectively. The simplified version of the cross section of the process is derived and analyzed within a soft photon approximation.

physics.atom-ph↗
arXiv2011

A sharp estimate of weighted dyadic shifts of complexity 0 and 1

A simple shortcut to proving sharp weighted estimates for the Martingale Transform and for the dyadic shift of order 1 (and so for the Hilbert transform) is presented. It is a unified proof for these both transforms. Key words: Calder\on--Zygmund operators, $A_2$ weights, $A_1$ weights, Carleson embedding theorem, Bellman function, dyadic shifts, nonhomogeneous Harmonic Analysis.

math.CA↗
arXiv2011

A simple sharp weighted estimate of the dyadic shifts on metric spaces with geometric doubling

We give a short and simple polynomial estimate of the norm of weighted dyadic shift on metric space with geometric doubling, which is linear in the norm of the weight. Combined with the existence of special probability space of dyadic lattices built in A. Reznikov, A. Volberg, "Random "dyadic" lattice in geometrically doubling metric space and $A_2$ conjecture", arXiv:1103.5246, and with decomposition of Calderón-Zygmund operators to dyadic shifts from Hytönen's "The sharp weighted bound for general Calderón-Zygmund operators", arXiv:1007.4330 (and later T. Hytönen, C. Pérez, S. Treil, A. Volberg, "A sharp estimated of weighted dyadic shifts that gives the proof of $A_2$ conjecture", arXiv 1010.0755), we will be able to have a linear (in the norm of weight) estimate of an arbitrary Calderón-Zygmund operator on a metric space with geometric doubling. This will be published separately.

math.MG↗
arXiv2011

Perturbation of Burkholder's martingale transform and Monge--Ampère equation

Let $\{d_k\}_{k \geq 0}$ be a complex martingale difference in $L^p[0,1],$ where $1<p<\infty,$ and $\{\e_k\}_{k \geq 0}$ a sequence in $\{\pm 1\}.$ We obtain the following generalization of Burkholder's famous result. If $τ\in [-\frac 12, \frac 12]$ and $n \in \Z_+$ then $$|\sum_{k=0}^n{(\{c} \e_k τ) d_k}|_{L^p([0,1], \C^2)} \leq ((p^*-1)^2 + τ^2)^{\frac 12}|\sum_{k=0}^n{d_k}|_{L^p([0,1], \C)},$$ where $((p^*-1)^2 + τ^2)^{\frac 12}$ is sharp and $p^*-1 = \max\{p-1, \frac 1{p-1}\}.$ For $2\leq p<\infty$ the result is also true with sharp constant for $τ\in \R.$

math.PR↗
arXiv2011

Buffon's needle landing near Besicovitch irregular self-similar sets

In this paper we get an estimate of Favard length of an arbitrary neighbourhood of an arbitrary self-similar Cantor set. Consider $L$ closed disjoint discs of radius $1/L$ inside the unit disc. By using linear maps of smaller disc onto the unit disc we can generate a self-similar Cantor set $G$. Then $\G=\bigcap_n\G_n$. One may then ask the rate at which the Favard length - the average over all directions of the length of the orthogonal projection onto a line in that direction - of these sets $\G_n$ decays to zero as a function of $n$. The quantitative results for the Favard length problem were obtained by Peres-Solomyak and Tao; in the latter paper a general way of making a quantitative statement from the Besicovitch theorem is considered. But being rather general, this method does not give a good estimate for self-similar structures such as $\G_n$. Indeed, vastly improved estimates have been proven in these cases: in the paper of Nazarov-Peres-Volberg, it was shown that for 1/4 corner Cantor set one has $p<1/6$, such that $Fav(\K_n)\leq\frac{c_p}{n^{p}}$, and in Laba-Zhai and Bond-Volberg the same type power estimate was proved for the product Cantor sets (with an extra tiling property) and for the Sierpinski gasket $S_n$ for some other $p>0$. In the present work we give an estimate that works for {\it any} Besicovitch set which is self-similar. However estimate is worse than the power one. The power estimate still appears to be related to a certain regularity property of zeros of a corresponding linear combination of exponents (we call this property {\it analytic tiling}).

math.AP↗
arXiv2011

Burkholder's function via Monge--Ampère equation

We will show how to get Burkholder's function from \cite{Bu1} by using Monge-Ampére equation. This method is quite different from those in the series of Burkholder's papers \cite{Bu1}--\cite{Bu7}.

math.AP↗
arXiv2010

Sharp weighted estimates for dyadic shifts and the $A_2$ conjecture

We give a self-contained proof of the $A_2$ conjecture, which claims that the norm of any Calderon-Zygmund operator is bounded by the first degree of the $A_2$ norm of the weight. The original proof of this result by the first author relied on a subtle and rather difficult reduction to a testing condition by the last three authors. Here we replace this reduction by a new weighted norm bound for dyadic shifts - linear in the $A_2$ norm of the weight and quadratic in the complexity of the shift -, which is based on a new quantitative two-weight inequality for the shifts. These sharp one- and two-weight bounds for dyadic shifts are the main new results of this paper. They are obtained by rethinking the corresponding previous results of Lacey-Petermichl-Reguera and Nazarov-Treil-Volberg. To complete the proof of the $A_2$ conjecture, we also provide a simple variant of the representation, already in the original proof, of an arbitrary Calderon-Zygmund operator as an average of random dyadic shifts and random dyadic paraproducts. This method of the representation amounts to the refinement of the techniques from nonhomogeneous Harmonic Analysis.

math.CA↗
arXiv2010

$L^2$-norm and estimates from below for Riesz transforms on Cantor sets

The aim of this paper is to estimate the $L^2$-norms of vector-valued Riesz transforms $R_ν^s$ and the norms of Riesz operators on Cantor sets in $\R^d$, as well as to study the distribution of values of $R_ν^s$. Namely, we show that this distribution is "uniform" in the following sense. The values of $|R_ν^s|^2$ which are comparable with its average value are attended on a "big" portion of a Cantor set. We apply these results to give examples demonstrating the sharpness of our previous estimates for the set of points where Riesz transform is large, and for the corresponding Riesz capacities. The Cantor sets under consideration are different from the usual corner Cantor sets. They are constructed by means a certain process of regularization introduced in the paper.

math.CA↗
arXiv2010

Some new Bellman functions and subordination by orthogonal martingales in $L^{p}, 1<p\le 2$

Given two martingales on the filtration generated by two dimensional Brownian motion, we want to estimate the $L^p$ norm of the subordinated one if we have some extra orthogonality property available. We construct several new Bellman functions, very different from Burkholder's function, and using them give an estimate of $L^p$ norm of a subordinated martingale, if the dominating martingale is orthogonal and $1<p\le 2$. We use Monge--Ampere equation to construct these Bellman functions.

math.PR↗
arXiv2010

Subordination by orthogonal martingales in $L^{p}, 1<p\le 2$

We are given two martingales on the filtration of the two dimensional Brownian motion. One is subordinated to another. We want to give an estimate of $L^p$-norm of a subordinated one via the same norm of a dominating one. In this setting this was done by Burkholder in \cite{Bu1}--\cite{Bu8}. If one of the martingales is orthogonal, the constant should drop. This was demonstrated in \cite{BaJ1}, when the orthogonality is attached to the subordinated martingale and when $2\le p<\infty$. This note contains an (almost obvious) observation that the same idea can be used in the case when the orthogonality is attached to a dominating martingale and $1<p\le 2$. Two other complementary regimes are considered in \cite{BJV_La}. When both martingales are orthogonal, see \cite{BJV_Le}. In these two papers the constants are sharp. We are not sure of the sharpness of the constant in the present note.

math.PR↗