Phase and coherence retrieval from near- and far-field intensities
Quantifying the coherence properties of complex optical fields is essential for applications ranging from high power laser arrays to quantum coherent systems. Here, we present a new paradigm for coherence retrieval inspired by the Gerchberg Saxton framework, enabling reconstruction of the first order spatial coherence function (mutual intensity) of partially coherent light from intensity measurements in the near and far fields. We introduce two complementary approaches: a four dimensional Tensor GS algorithm that directly reconstructs the mutual intensity with high accuracy, and a Monte Carlo GS variant that significantly reduces computational cost at the expense of controlled approximation. We validated both methods by reconstructing partially coherent fields in simulated linear and ring arrays of up to 600 beams with prescribed Gaussian decaying coherence. Experimentally, we applied the Tensor GS method to a triangular array of 130 coupled lasers with inhomogeneous spatial coherence, achieving good agreement with theory and a root mean square phase error as low as 2pi over 250.