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Arpita Chatterjee

Publications and source records attributed to Arpita Chatterjee.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Performance of a two-mode coherent superposed channel in continuous-variable quantum teleportation

Glauber's coherent state is denoted by $\ket{\alpha}$ and its two-mode extension is represented by $\ket{\alpha,\beta}$. In this work, we introduce a two-mode superposition operator $A=tab+ra^\dagger b^\dagger$, whose action on the two-mode coherent state produces the two-mode coherent superposed quantum state $\ket{\psi}=(tab+ra^\dagger b^\dagger)\ket{\alpha,\beta}$. We investigate the nonclassicality and quantum non-Gaussianity of this state by means of the Wigner distribution and Wigner logarithmic negativity. Once its intrinsic nonclassical and non-Gaussian structure is established, the state is employed as the entangled resource in the Braunstein-Kimble continuous-variable (CV) teleportation protocol. We compute the ideal teleportation fidelity for coherent and squeezed inputs and analyze how the strengths of nonclassicality and non-Gaussianity influence the teleportation efficiency. Our results identify specific parameter regimes where enhanced non-Gaussian features or increased nonclassicality enable fidelities beyond the classical threshold, thereby revealing the operational significance of engineered two-mode quantum states in CV quantum information processing.

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A phase-space approach for performing continuous-variable quantum teleportation with a non-Gaussian resource

We present a detailed phase-space analysis of continuous-variable quantum teleportation using a photon-subtracted two-mode squeezed Fock state (PS-TMSFS) as an entangled resource. We investigate the performance of PS-TMSFS within the Braunstein-Kimble teleportation protocol. The resource-state preparation is described and the success probability related to the photon-subtraction process is derived analytically. The Wigner characteristic function of PS-TMSFS is calculated and then employed to determine the fidelity for input Gaussian and non-Gaussian states. The dependence of the success probability and the teleportation fidelity on the squeezing parameter and the beam-splitter transmissivity is analyzed for both symmetric and asymmetric photon-subtraction scenarios. This results that the symmetric photon subtraction consistently outperforms the corresponding asymmetric configurations with the $(2,2)$ configuration providing the highest teleportation fidelity among the considered PS-TMSFS resources. A significant improvement over the Gaussian two-mode squeezed vacuum (TMSV) resource is observed for teleporting Gaussian input states, particularly in the low-squeezing regime, whereas the relative advantage for non-Gaussian input states depends on the functioning resource parameters and gradually diminishes as squeezing increases.

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Dynamics of atom-field interaction inside a nonlinear Kerr-like medium filled optical cavity

In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of two two-level atoms interacting with a two-mode field inside an optical cavity, in presence of a nonlinear Kerr-like medium as well as the Stark shift. We derive the exact analytical solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation that provides a comprehensive framework for analyzing the system's quantum properties. To characterize the nonclassical features of the radiation field, we examine photon number distribution, second-order correlation function $g^2(0)$, squeezing properties, and Mandel's $Q_M$ parameter. These properties reveal significant insights into the quantum statistical behaviour of the field and its deviation from classicality under different interaction regimes. In addition, we quantify the atom-atom entanglement using linear entropy which captures the mixedness of the atomic subsystem and elucidates the interplay between atom-atom interactions. The results highlight the crucial role of nonlinear interactions and the Stark shift in shaping the quantum correlations and nonclassical phenomena of the system.

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Optimizing realistic continuous-variable quantum teleportation with non-Gaussian resources

In this work, we investigate the performance of non-Gaussian entangled resources in continuous-variable quantum teleportation within a realistic setting. We describe the characteristic functions of three distinct entangled resources, a two-mode squeezed vacuum state, a two-mode photon-subtracted squeezed state, and a two-mode photon-added squeezed state. We extend the theoretical analysis by Yang et al. to include the realistic experimental conditions such as photon losses, imperfect measurements which typically affect continuous-variable quantum teleportation. Our results demonstrate that even in non-ideal situations, the photon-subtracted squeezed state outperforms the other two resources in the low squeezing regime, keeping fidelity above the classical threshold that suggests the robustness of photon-subtracted squeezed state in practical teleportation applications. We further analyze the EPR correlations of these entangled resources, revealing that the photon-subtracted squeezed state exhibits stronger EPR correlations than the original two-mode squeezed vacuum state and the two-mode photon-added squeezed state. This study merges theoretical models with realistic imperfections and utilizes non-Gaussian entanglement into high-fidelity quantum teleportation.

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Quantum phase properties of a state driven by a classical field

We consider a nonclassical state generated by an atom-cavity field interaction in presence of a driven field. In the scheme, the two-level atom is moved through the cavity and driven by a classical field. The atom interacts dispersively with the cavity field, which results in a photon-number-dependent Stark shift. Assuming that the atom enters the cavity in the excited state $|{a}\rangle$, the obtained output cavity field is taken into account. The state vector $|ψ(t)\rangle$ describes the entire atom-field system but in our work we deal with the statistical aspects of the cavity field only. The quantum state that corresponds to the output cavity field is obtained by tracing out the atom part from $|{ψ(t)}\rangle\langle{ψ(t)}|$. Different quantum phase properties such as quantum phase distribution, angular $Q$ phase function, phase dispersion are evaluated for the obtained radiation field. The second-order correlation function $g^2(0)$, an indirect phase characteristic is also considered.

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Analyzing performance of $f$-deformed displaced Fock state in continuous-variable quantum teleportation

Performing non-Gaussian operations, namely photon addition, photon subtraction, photon-addition-then-subtraction, photon-subtraction-then-addition can successfully enhance the fidelity of the continuous-variable quantum teleportation. However, a shortcoming of these non-Gaussian resources is that they are probabilistic in nature. In this article, we investigate the success probability of the non-Gaussian resources for optimal performance of the ideal teleportation protocol. To this end, we first derive the analytical expression for the two-mode entangled channel having $f$-deformed displaced Fock state or photon-added displaced Fock state or photon-subtracted displaced Fock state at one port and vacuum at another port of a symmetric beam-splitter. The generalized displaced Fock states are obtained by replacing the conventional bosonic functions by the nonlinear $f$-deformed operators such as $A=af(a^\dagger a)$ and $B=af(a^\dagger a)^{-1}$. The Wigner characteristic functions describing these three aforementioned non-Gaussian states are determined and utilized to attain the teleportation fidelity for input coherent and squeezed vacuum states. It is found that the nonlinear substitution leads to an enhancement in teleportation fidelity beyond the threshold limit. Moreover, the entangled photon-subtracted displaced Fock state demonstrates maximum efficiency as a quantum channel for teleporting single-mode coherent and squeezed states. We provide the squeezing regime values corresponding to the optimal performance of the non-Gaussian states considered, which will be of significant interest to the experimental fraternity. Further, we show that the entangled photon-added displaced Fock states have larger amount of entanglement but the entangled photon-subtracted displaced Fock states have stronger Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlation.

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Nonclassical properties of a state generated by a driven dispersive interaction

We consider a cavity field state, which is created by the atom-cavity field's interaction in the presence of a driven field. The two-level atom passes through the cavity and is driven by a weak classical field. A photon number dependent Stark shift is induced by the atom's dispersive interaction with the cavity field. When the atom is in excited state $|a\rangle$, the output cavity field thus obtained is taken into consideration. With the help of the state evaluated, we investigate different statistical properties such as photon number distribution, Wigner function, Mandel's $Q$ parameter and squeezing.

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Nonclassicality in a dispersive atom-cavity field interaction in presence of an external driving field

We investigate nonclassical properties of a state generated by the interaction of a three-level atom with a quantized cavity field and an external classical driving field. In this study, the fields being degenerate in frequency, are highly detuned from the atom. The atom interacts with the quantized field in a dispersive manner. The experimental set-up involves a three-level atom passing through a cavity and interacting dispersively with the cavity field mode. Simultaneously, the atom interacts with an external classical field that is in resonance with the cavity field. The three-level atom can enter the cavity in one of the bare states $\ket{e}$, $\ket{f}$ or $\ket{g}$ or in a superposition of two of these states. In this paper, we consider superposition of $\ket{e}$ and $\ket{f}$. In our analysis, we focus on the statistical properties of the cavity field after interacting with the atom. The state vector $|ψ(t)\rangle$ describes the entire atom-field system but we analyze the properties of the cavity field independently neglecting the atomic component of the system. For this the atom part is traced out from $|ψ(t)\rangle$ to acquire the cavity field state only, denoted by $\ket{ψ_{ f}(t)}$. We evaluate different nonclassical measures including photon number distribution, Mandel's $Q_M$ parameter, squeezing properties $S_x$ and $S_p$, Wigner distribution, $Q_f$ function, second-order correlation function $g^2(0)$ etc. for the obtained cavity field state.

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Detecting Nonclassicality and quantum non-Gaussianity of photon subtracted displaced Fock state

In this paper, a quantitative investigation of the non-classical and quantum non-Gaussian characters of the photon-subtracted displaced Fock state $|ψ\rangle=a^kD(α)|{n}\rangle$, where $k$ is number of photons subtracted, $n$ is Fock parameter, is performed by using a collection of measures like Wigner logarithmic negativity, linear entropy potential, skew information based measure, and relative entropy of quantum non-Gaussianity. It is noticed that the number of photons subtracted ($k$) changes the nonclassicality and quantum non-Gaussianity in a significant amount in the regime of small values of the displacement parameter whereas Fock parameter ($n$) presents a notable change in the large regime of the displacement parameter. In this respect, the role of the Fock parameter is found to be stronger as compared to the photon subtraction number. Finally, the Wigner function dynamics considering the effects of photon loss channel is used to show that the Wigner negativity can only be exposed by highly efficient detectors.

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General expansion of natural power of linear combination of Bosonic operators in normal order

In quantum mechanics, bosonic operators are mathematical objects that are used to represent the creation ($a^\dagger$) and annihilation ($a$) of bosonic particles. The natural power of a linear combination of bosonic operators represents an operator $(a^\dagger x+ay)^n$ with $n$ as the exponent and $x,\,y$ are the variables free from bosonic operators. The normal ordering of these operators is a mathematical technique that arranges the operators so that all the creation operators are to the left of the annihilation operators, reducing the number of terms in the expression. In this paper, we present a general expansion of the natural power of a linear combination of bosonic operators in normal order. We show that the expansion can be expressed in terms of binomial coefficients and the product of the normal-ordered operators using the direct method and than prove it using the fundamental principle of mathematical induction. We also derive a formula for the coefficients of the expansion in terms of the number of bosons and the commutation relation between the creation and annihilation operators. Our results have important applications in the study of many-body systems in quantum mechanics, such as in the calculation of correlation functions and the evaluation of the partition function. The general expansion presented in this paper provides a powerful tool for analyzing and understanding the behavior of bosonic systems, and can be applied to a wide range of physical problems.

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Lower-vs-Higher Order Non-classicality of Photon-added Bell-type Entangled Coherent States

We compare the lower and higher order non-classicality of a class of the photon-added Bell-type entangled coherent states (PBECS) got from Bell-type entangled coherent states using creation operators. We obtained lower and higher order criteria namely Mandel's $Q_m^l$, antibunching $d_h^{l-1}$, Subpoissioning photon statistics $D_h(l-1)$ and Squeezing $S(l)$ for the states obtained. Further we observe that first three criteria does not gives non-classicality for any state and higher order criteria gives very high positive values for all values of parameters. Also the fourth or last criterion $S(l)$ gives non-classicality for lower order as well as higher order.

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A comparative study of higher-order nonclassicalities of photon-added-then-subtracted and photon-subtracted-then-added quantum states

In the present paper, we have studied the higher as well as the lower-order nonclassicalities of photon-added-then-subtracted and photon-subtracted-then-added thermal and even coherent states. Different criteria such as Mandel's function ($Q_M^{(l)}$), higher-order antibunching ($d_h^{(l-1)}$), sub-Poissonian photon statistics ($D_h^{(l-1)}$), higher-order squeezing ($S^{(l)}$), Husimi function ($Q$), Agarwal-Tara criteria ($A_3$) and Klyshko's condition ($B(m)$) are used to witness the nonclassical feature of these states. Many of these conditions established that the considered states are highly nonclassical. It is also realized that the non-Gaussian photon-addition-then-subtraction operation is preferred over the photon-subtraction-then-addition for developing nonclassicality.

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A comparison between higher-order nonclassicalities of superposition engineered coherent and thermal states

We consider an experimentally obtainable SUP operator, defined by using a generalized superposition of products of field annihilation ($a$) and creation ($a^\dagger$) operators of the type, $A = saa^\dagger+t{a^\dagger}a$ with $s^2+t^2=1$. We apply this SUP operator on coherent and thermal quantum states, the states thus produced are referred as SUP-operated coherent state (SOCS) and SUP-operated thermal state (SOTS), respectively. In the present work, we report a comparative study between the higher-order nonclassical properties of SOCS and SOTS. The comparison is performed by using a set of nonclassicality witnesses (e.g., higher-order antiubunching, higher-order sub-Poissonian photon statistics, higher-order squeezing, Agarwal-Tara parameter, Klyshko's condition). The existence of higher-order nonclassicalities in SOCS and SOTS have been investigated for the first time. In view of possible experimental verification of the proposed scheme, we present exact calculations to reveal the effect of non-unit quantum efficiency of quantum detector on higher-order nonclassicalities.

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Nonlinear displaced Kerr state and its nonclassical properties

We construct a distinct class of nonlinear displaced Kerr state by application of the displacement operator upon a state which is prepared by sending the well-known photon-added coherent state through a normal Kerr medium. A sketch for the experimental set-up for preparing the state is suggested. We evaluate some statistical properties such as the photon number distribution, Mandel's $Q$ parameter, Husimi-$Q$ and Wigner functions, and quadrature squeezing, for the nonlinear displaced Kerr state, and then analyze the nonclassicality in terms of these standard parameters. We reduce the infinite-level problem to a truncated discrete two-level system by using low Kerr parameter approximation and then convert the generated nonclassicality into bipartite entanglement between the two modes of an output state of a linear optical device.

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Dynamics of an atom cavity field system in interacting Fock space

In this paper, we investigate one-time passing of a $V$-type three-level atom through a single-mode interacting field in a cavity. We extend the idea of elementary Jaynes-Cummings model by assuming that the field vector belongs to interacting Fock space. In the process, we arrive at a state vector which will be analyzed to study the nonclassicality of the evolved state of the system.

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Realistic continuous-variable quantum teleportation using a displaced Fock state channel

We investigate ideal and non-ideal continuous-variable quantum teleportation protocols realized by using an entangled displaced Fock state resource. The characteristic function formulation is applied to measure the relative performance of displaced Fock state for teleporting squeezed and coherent states. It is found that for such single-mode input fields, the average fidelity remains at the classical threshold, suggesting that the displaced Fock states are not advantageous for teleportation. We also discuss the major decoherence effects, caused by the inaccuracy in Bell measurements and photon losses for the propagation of optical fields via fibre channels. The changes in the teleportation fidelity are described by adjusting the gain factor ($g$), reflectivity ($R$), mode damping ($τ$), and the number of thermal photons ($n_\mathrm{th}$). The possibility of successful teleportation can be optimized by fixing these realistic parameters.

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Nonclassicality generated by propagation of atoms through a cavity field

We successively pass two $V$-type three-level atoms through a single-mode cavity field. Considering the field to be initially in a classical state, we evaluate various statistical properties such as the quasiprobability $Q$ function, Wigner distribution, Mandel's $Q$ parameter and normal squeezing of the resulted field. We notice that the sequential crossing of atoms induces nonclassicality into the character of a pure classical state (coherent field). The initial thermal field shows sub-Poissonian as well as squeezing property after interacting with the $V$ atoms.

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Nonclassicality of photon-added-then-subtracted and photon-subtracted-then-added states

We formulate the density matrices of a quantum state obtained by first adding multi-photons to and then subtracting multi-photons from any arbitrary state as well as performing the same process in the reverse order. Considering the field to be initially in a thermal (or in an even coherent) state, we evaluate the photon number distribution, Wigner function and Mandel's $Q$ parameter of the resulting field. We show graphically that in which order multi-photons are added and subtracted has a noticeable effect on the temporal behavior of these statistical properties.

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