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Arun Paramekanti

Publications and source records attributed to Arun Paramekanti.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Searching for superconductivity in doped triangular lattice Kitaev magnets

Motivated by exploring correlated metals with frustrating bond-dependent exchange interactions, we study hole and electron doped Kitaev Mott insulators on the triangular lattice. Using homogeneous parton mean field theory, we find that the stripe antiferromagnetic (AFM) order for Kitaev coupling $K>0$ and the ferromagnetic (FM) order for $K<0$, both vanish at sufficiently large doping, beyond which we find regimes with chiral $d\pm i d$ singlet pairing and $p\pm ip$ triplet pairing respectively. Our tensor network computations however reveal that the superconducting correlations are strongly suppressed; while FM order stubbornly persists for the doped $K<0$ model, the doped $K>0$ model features emergent spin-charge modulated stripe orders. At higher hole doping for $K > 0$, where AFM order is more strongly suppressed than for the electron doped case, incorporating a sufficiently strong nearest-neighbor attraction yields evidence for singlet $d$-wave superconductivity with Luttinger parameter $K_{\rm sc} < 1$. Our work sets the stage for a broader exploration of doping effects in triangular lattice magnets such as NaRuO$_2$ which feature bond-dependent exchange interactions.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Pseudo-chiral phonon splitting from octupolar magnetic order

Motivated by the recent discovery of anomalously large magnetic response of chiral phonons in dipolar magnets, we explore an extension to study Einstein quantum phonon modes coupled to multipolar moments. We consider the case of non-Kramers $Γ_3$ doublets which encapsulate quadrupolar and Ising octupolar degrees of freedom, and which feature a symmetry-allowed linear coupling between local quadrupolar moments and Raman active $E_g$ phonon modes $(d_{x^2-y^2},d_{3z^2-r^2})$. We show that either octupolar or quadrupolar ordering leads to degeneracy breaking of the $E_g$ phonon doublet, with ferro-octupolar order favoring pseudo-chiral phonon eigenmodes with a detectable energy splitting. We describe this physics using a path integral approach in the limit where `fast' phonon modes sense the `slow' pseudospins as a static background which we average over using Monte Carlo simulations. We discuss implications for materials such as Ba$_2$CaOsO$_6$ and PrV$_2$Al$_{20}$ where Raman spectroscopy of phonons could be used as a potential probe of hidden octupolar order. Our work extends the important concept of chiral phonons to a large class of multipolar magnets.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Jahn-Teller effect in $j = 3/2$ Mott insulators: Ground states and thermal fluctuations

The interplay of strong atomic spin-orbit coupling with Jahn-Teller (JT) lattice distortions is an important theme in quantum materials hosting heavy atoms. A prototypical example of such a system is a degenerate $j = 3/2$ multiplet coupled to local phonon modes. Here, we study the multipolar ground states of this system as realized in Mott insulators, explore its thermal phase diagram via an $SU(4)$ spin Monte Carlo approach coupled to JT phonons, and study the temperature dependent splittings of the $j = 3/2$ multiplet as relevant to spectroscopic probes. Our work sheds light on coexisting distinct multipolar orders engendered by phonon coupling, role of thermal JT fluctuations, and the entropy of the coupled multipole-phonon system. We discuss broad implications for double perovskites $\rm Ba_2MgReO_6$, $\rm Ba_2NaOsO_6$ and lacunar spinels such as $\rm GaTa_4Se_8$ and $\rm GaNb_4Se_8$.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Two-orbital $e_g$ model with bond-dependent spin-orbit coupling: A playground for emergent band topology, Kitaev magnetism, and magnetoelectricity

Inspired by the electronic structure of compounds like nickel dihalides Ni$X_2$ ($X$=Cl, Br, I), we propose a low-energy two-orbital $e_g$ model featuring bond-dependent spin-orbit terms, driven by atomic spin-orbit coupling on the ligand $X$. We demonstrate that this model hosts a rich array of phenomena. In the non-interacting band limit, spin-orbit-derived spin-dependent and spin-flip hopping terms produce topological bands with spin-Chern numbers $C_s=\pm 2, \pm 4$, and higher order topological states with fractional corner charges, respectively. In the half-filled Mott insulator limit, we recover a spin-$1$ Hamiltonian with bond-dependent Kitaev exchange interactions. We explore the magnetoelectric effect in this two-orbital model using symmetry-based perspective and microscopic calculations, going beyond the generalized Katsura-Nagaosa-Balatsky theory for the single-orbital case. Our work may be relevant to study of doping, strain, or pressure on Ni$X_2$ and related materials.

cond-mat.str-el↗

d-Wave pair density wave superconductivity in a two-orbital model

Motivated by exploring superconductivity in multi-orbital systems, we study two orbital models of spinful fermions representing ($p_x,p_y$) or ($d_{xz}, d_{yz})$ orbitals on the square lattice. For minimal interorbital $t$-$J$ or $t$-$V$ on-site interactions, a random phase approximation uncovers regimes of instability towards incommensurate $d_{xy}$ pair density wave ($d$-PDW) superconductivity with driven by interband pairing. We study the competition of PDW order with uniform nodal $d_{xy}$ pairing states and magnetic and charge density wave (CDW) instabilities. At strong coupling, we derive an effective hard-core Cooper pair Hamiltonian which we study using a bosonic Gutzwiller ansatz to reveal a period-$2$ PDW over a wide range of fillings as well as a checkerboard CDW at quarter-filling. Our results apply to correlated multi-orbital materials with quasi-1D bands, Hubbard models on the square-octagon lattice, and atomic fermions in $p$-orbitals. Our work highlights the role of the orbital content and multiband Fermi surfaces in stabilizing interband PDW states.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Majorana zero modes in superconductor-magnet heterostructures with d-wave order

Magnetic skyrmions in proximity to superconductors offer a route to engineering topological superconductivity due to the synthetic spin-orbit coupling engendered by the spin twist of the skyrmion texture. Previous theoretical works show that this leads to Majorana zero modes (MZMs) in skyrmion-vortex pairs for s-wave superconductors. Here we investigate this mechanism in fully gapped d+is and d+id superconductors. We find the surprising result that while stable MZMs are found in large parts of the phase diagram, strongly enhanced d-wave pairing or stronger skyrmion-induced spin twisting can in fact destroy topology unlike in s-wave superconductors. This effect can be understood from the non-trivial spatial structure of the d-wave pairing, and mixing of odd and even angular-momentum pairing channels in a rotated frame which untwists the skyrmion texture. Our results inform the feasibility of realizing MZMs with unconventional superconductors in such heterostructures.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

Symmetry-controlled thermal activation in pyramidal Coulomb clusters: Testing Kramers-Langer theory

Laser-cooled ions confined in electromagnetic traps provide a unique, tunable mesoscopic system where the interplay of the trapping potential, nonlinear Coulomb interactions, and laser-ion scattering generates rich, collective dynamics. In this work, we engineer thermally activated switching between two oppositely oriented, square-pyramidal configurations of five laser-cooled ions in a Paul trap. For identical ions ($^{40}\mathrm{Ca}^{+}$), the inversions proceed via a \textit{Berry pseudo-rotation} mechanism with a low activation barrier, enabled by the permutation symmetry, in contrast to the \textit{umbrella inversion} observed in ammonia. The experimentally measured inversion rates, spanning two orders of magnitude, are accurately captured by the multidimensional Kramers-Langer theory, enabling thermometry of the Doppler-cooled ion cluster at $1.8 \pm 0.1$ mK. By substituting the apex ion with a heavier isotope ($^{44}\mathrm{Ca}^{+}$), we break the permutation symmetry and observe a suppression of thermally activated inversions. Numerical analysis reveals that this symmetry breaking closes the low-barrier channel, forcing the system to invert through a high-barrier \textit{turnstile rotation}. Thus, we demonstrate a structural analogue of molecular kinetic isotope effects, establishing trapped ions as a versatile platform to explore symmetry-controlled collective dynamics.

physics.atom-ph↗

Symmetry constrained field theories for chiral spin liquid to spin crystal transitions

We consider the spin rotationally invariant Kalmeyer-Laughlin chiral spin liquid (CSL) in systems with broken time-reversal symmetry and explore symmetry constraints on possible conventional spin crystal states accessible via a direct transition. These constraints provide a framework to identify topological invariants of the magnetically ordered state. We show that the existence of a direct transition from a CSL requires a precise compatibility condition between the topological invariants of the ordered state and the anomaly of the CSL. The lattice symmetries also constrain the functional form of the low-energy theory to describe these transitions. This allows us to construct explicit Chern-Simons-matter field theories for the transition into a class of noncoplanar orders identified as candidates directly accessible from the CSL, including the octahedral spin crystal on the kagomé lattice, and the tetrahedral order on the triangular and honeycomb lattice. These transitions can either be described using coupled fractionalized $ \mathbb{CP}^1 $ theories or fractionalized matrix principal chiral models. We also discuss extensions to more general magnetic ordering transitions out of the CSL.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Hidden orders in spin-orbit entangled correlated insulators

In many materials, ordered phases and their order parameters are easily characterized by standard experimental methods. "Hidden order" refers to a phase transition in which an ordered state emerges without such an easily detectable order parameter, despite clear thermodynamic evidence of the transition. The underlying mechanisms for these unconventional states of matter stem from spin-orbit coupling, which intertwines inter-site exchange, classical electron-magnetic interactions, and electron-lattice effects. This physics is elusive to experimental probes and beyond traditional theories of insulating magnetism, requiring sophisticated methodologies for its exploration. In this Review, we survey exotic hidden-order phases in correlated insulators, particularly focusing on the latest progress in material-specific theories and numerical approaches. The relevant degrees of freedom in these phases are local high-rank multipole moments of magnetic and charge density that emerge from spin-orbit entangled correlated shells of heavy d and f electron ions and interact on the lattice via various mechanisms. We discuss approaches to modelling hidden orders in realistic systems via direct ab initio calculations or by constructing low-energy many-body effective Hamiltonian. We also describe how these new theoretical tools have helped to uncover driving mechanisms for recently discovered multipolar phases in double perovskites of heavy transition metals, and how they have proved instrumental in disentangling the role of various interactions in "traditional" f-electron multipolar materials like actinide dioxides. In both cases, material-specific theories have played a key role in interpreting and predicting experimental signatures of hidden orders.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Observing the dynamics of octupolar structural transitions in trapped-ion clusters

Interacting many-particle systems can self-organize into a rich variety of crystalline structures. While symmetry provides a powerful framework for predicting whether transitions between crystal states are continuous or discontinuous, collective lattice dynamics offer complementary insights into the microscopic mechanisms that drive these transitions. Trapped laser-cooled ions present a pristine and highly controllable few-body system for studying this interplay of symmetry and dynamics. Here, we use real-time fluorescence imaging while deforming the trap potential to observe a variety of structural transitions in three-dimensional (3D), unit-cell-like ion clusters. We identify a set of transitions signaled by parity-odd octupole order parameters, and probe their distinct dynamical signatures. Our observations reveal the softening of a collective Higgs-like mode indicating spontaneous symmetry-breaking, hysteresis resulting from a catastrophe where a metastable state vanishes abruptly, and stochastic switching between metastable states of differing symmetries. We also uncover a remarkable coincidence of symmetry-breaking and discontinuous transitions, analogous to a thermodynamic triple point. Our results establish 3D trapped-ion clusters as a versatile platform to engineer complex potential energy landscapes, opening new avenues for studies of reaction kinetics, geometric frustration, and related phenomena in mesoscopic platforms.

physics.atom-ph↗

Charge ordering and spontaneous topological Hall effect in bilayer skyrmion crystals

Magnetic skyrmion crystals with zero net skyrmion charge and zero topological Hall response are interesting candidate phases which can occur at a vanishing magnetic field in centrosymmetric systems. We study a minimal bilayer model of skyrmion crystals having opposite chirality and topological charge in the two layers, and show that it can host nearly flat electronic bands with quasi-uniform Berry curvature and quantum metric. Using Hartree-Fock theory, we show that weak to moderate short-range electron interactions induce two distinct types of symmetry breaking patterns depending on the band dispersion: an intra-unit-cell charge density modulation from Chern band mixing or a layer-imbalanced phase with a nonzero ferroelectric polarization. Both phases break inversion symmetry leading to a spontaneous and large net topological Hall effect, with the phase diagram tunable by external electric fields. Our results may be relevant to centrosymmetric skyrmion materials such as Gd$_2$PdSi$_3$ and Gd$_3$Ru$_4$Al$_{12}$ as well as artificially engineered heterostructures. We also discuss its relation to recent work on twisted transition metal dichalcogenide bilayers.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

Phonon-driven multipolar dynamics in a spin-orbit coupled Mott insulator

Motivated by advances in pump-probe experiments and light-driven phenomena, we theoretically study the impact of pumped and driven phonons in Mott insulators which host multipole moments, thus going beyond conventional dipolar magnetism. As a case study, we examine pseudospin-1/2 Mott insulators hosting quadrupolar and octupolar moments, and investigate the effect of resonantly exciting ${\cal E}_g$ phonon modes which couple linearly to the quadrupoles. We show that this leads to multipolar precession, with the back action resulting in chiral phonon dynamics below the octupolar phase transition. We further explore the impact of a coherent two-phonon Floquet drive, showing that it can be used to `train' octupolar order or even switch its sign on ultrafast timescales. Our results are obtained combining a generalized Monte Carlo code incorporating phonons with molecular dynamics simulations which numerically integrate the coupled spin-phonon equations of motion. Our work shows how phonon-driven dynamics can be used to probe and control hidden orders in solids.

cond-mat.str-el↗

$SU(N)$ spin-phonon simulations of Floquet dynamics in spin $S > 1/2$ Mott insulators

The dynamics of magnetic moments coupled to phonons is of great interest for understanding spin transport in solids as well as for our ability to control magnetism via tailored phonon modes. For spin $S > 1/2$, spin-orbit coupling permits an unusual linear coupling of phonons to quadrupolar moments, so that phonons act as a dynamical transverse field for the spins. Here, we develop a generalized $SU(N)$ spin-phonon Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics technique to simulate the equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties of such spin-orbital-phonon coupled Mott insulators, and apply it to a spin-1 model with competing XY antiferromagnet (AFM) and quadrupolar paramagnet (QPM) phases which is relevant to the Mott insulator $\rm{Ba_2FeSi_2O_7}$. We uncover a rich variety of dynamical phenomena in this system induced by linear or chiral phonon drives, including the generation of a uniform magnetization in the QPM and AFM, strengthening of Néel order and gapping of the AFM Nambu-Goldstone mode by Floquet-Ising anisotropy, a non-equilibrium QPM to AFM transition, and creation of Floquet copies of transverse and longitudinal spin waves. Our work is relevant for driven spin-1 magnets, such as $\rm{Ba_2FeSi_2O_7}$, and we highlight broader implications for nonequilibrium multipolar magnetism.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Modified large-$N$ approach to gapless spin liquids, magnetic orders, and dynamics: Application to triangular lattice antiferromagnets

Recent work has shown that the triangular lattice spin-$1/2$ $J_1$-$J_2$ Heisenberg and XXZ antiferromagnets may exhibit coplanar or supersolid orders proximate to a gapless Dirac spin liquid phase. We explore a distinct $SU(2N)\!\!\times\!\!SU(M)$ fermionic parton approach, complemented by variational Monte Carlo calculations for the spin-$1/2$ model, to study the phase diagram of these models. We also calculate their dynamical spin response including parton interactions within a random phase approximation, and discuss implications for neutron scattering on triangular lattice cobaltates Ba$_3$CoSb$_2$O$_9$, Na$_2$BaCo(PO$_4$)$_2$, K$_2$Co(SeO$_3$)$_2$, Rb$_2$Co(SeO$_3$)$_2$, and Yb-based magnet KYbSe$_2$.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Altermagnetism and superconductivity in a multiorbital t-J model

Motivated by exploring doped multi-orbital antiferromagnets (AFMs) and altermagnets (ALMs) we explore minimal $t$-$J$ models on the square-octagon lattice which favor such collinear magnetic orders in the regime where spin exchange dominates. While the AFM order breaks translational and time-reversal symmetries, the ALM state (equivalently, a `$d$-wave ferromagnet') features multipolar order which separately breaks time-reversal and crystal rotation symmetries but preserves their product leading to spin-split bands with zero net magnetization. We study the mean field phase diagram of these models as we vary doping and interactions, discovering regimes of weak and strong ALM order, superconductivity including uniform $s$-wave and $d$-wave pairing states, incipient $d$-wave pair density wave order, and phases with coexisting singlet-triplet pairing and AFM/ALM orders which appear unstable to phase separation and could host stripe order with longer-range interactions. We study the mean field phase diagram of these multiorbital models as we vary doping and interactions, discovering two types of ALM order: (i) itinerant weak-coupling ALM metals driven by quasi-1D van Hove singularities, as well as (ii) strong ALM order at half-filling. We also find regimes of superconductivity including uniform $s$-wave and $d$-wave pairing states, incipient $d_{xy}$-wave pair density wave order, and uniform phases with coexisting singlet-triplet pairing and ALM order. Our inhomogeneous mean field theory approach reveals that the coexistence phases are unstable to phase separation, but longer-range interactions could lead to stripe order. Our results may be relevant to doping or pressure studies of multiorbital ALM materials.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Spin dynamics of an easy-plane Dirac spin liquid in a frustrated XY model: Application to honeycomb cobaltates

Recent work has shown that the honeycomb lattice spin-$1/2$ $J_1$-$J_3$ XY model, with nearest-neighbor ferromagnetic exchange $J_1$ and frustration induced by third-neighbor antiferromagnetic exchange $J_3$, may be relevant to a wide range of cobaltate materials. We explore a variational Monte Carlo study of Gutzwiller projected wavefunctions for this model and show that an easy-plane Dirac spin liquid (DSL) is a viable `parent' state for the competing magnetic orders observed in these materials, including ferromagnetic, zig-zag, spiral, and double zig-zag orders at intermediate frustration, and show that such broken symmetry states can be easily polarized by a weak in-plane magnetic field consistent with experiments. We formulate a modified parton theory for such frustrated spin models, and explore the potential instabilities of the DSL due to residual parton interactions within a random phase approximation (RPA), both at zero magnetic field and in a nonzero in-plane field. The broken symmetry states which emerge in the vicinity of this Dirac spin liquid include ferromagnetic, zig-zag, and incommensurate spiral orders, with a phase diagram which is consistent with VMC and density matrix renormalization group studies. We calculate the dynamical spin response of the easy-plane DSL, including RPA corrections, near the boundary of the ordered states, and present results for THz spectroscopy and inelastic neutron scattering, at zero field as well as in an in-plane magnetic field, and discuss experimental implications.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Orbital selective order and $\mathbb{Z}_3$ Potts nematicity from a non-Fermi liquid

Motivated by systems where a high temperature non-Fermi liquid gives way to low temperature $\mathbb{Z}_3$ Potts nematic order, we studied a three-orbital Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model in the large-$N$ limit. In the single-site limit, this model exhibits a spontaneous orbital-selective transition which preserves average particle-hole symmetry, with two orbitals becoming insulators while the third orbital remains a non-Fermi liquid down to zero temperature. We extend this study to lattice models of three-orbital SYK dots, exploring uniform symmetry broken states on the triangular and cubic lattices. At high temperature, these lattice models exhibit an isotropic non-Fermi liquid metal phase. On the three-dimensional (3D) cubic lattice, the low temperature uniform $\mathbb{Z}_3$ nematic state corresponds to an orbital selective layered state which preserves particle-hole symmetry at small hopping and spontaneously breaks the particle-hole symmetry at large hopping. Over a wide range of temperature, the transport in this layered state shows metallic in-plane resistivity but insulating out-of-plane resistivity. On the 2D triangular lattice, the low temperature state with uniform orbital order is also a correlated $\mathbb{Z}_3$ nematic with orbital-selective transport but it remains metallic in both principal directions. We discuss a Landau theory with $\mathbb{Z}_3$ clock terms which captures salient features of the phase diagram and nematic order in all these models. We also present results on the approximate wavevector dependent orbital susceptibility of the isotropic non-Fermi liquid states.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Multipolar magnetism in $5d^2$ vacancy-ordered halide double perovskites

Vacancy-ordered halide double perovskites hosting 4d/5d transition metals have emerged as a distinct platform for investigating unconventional magnetism arising out of the interplay of strong atomic spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and Coulomb interactions. Focusing on the $d^2$ system Cs$_2$WCl$_6$, our ab initio electronic structure calculation reveals very narrow electronic bands, fulfilling the necessary condition to realize exotic orders. Using this input, we solve the many-body spin-orbit coupled single-site problem by exact diagonalization and show that the multiplet structure of Cs$_2$WCl$_6$ hosts ground non-Kramers doublets on W, with vanishing dipole moment and a small gap to an excited magnetic triplet. Our work provides the rationale for the observed strong deviation from the classic Kotani behaviour in Cs$_2$WCl$_6$ for the measured temperature dependence of the magnetic moment. The non-Kramers doublets on W exhibit non-zero quadrupolar and octupolar moments, and our calculated two-site exchange supports the dominance of inter-site octupolar exchange over quadrupolar interactions. We predict ferro-octupolar order with a transition temperature $T_c \sim 5$K which may get somewhat suppressed by quantum fluctuations and disorder; this could be tested in future low-temperature experiments.

cond-mat.str-el↗