arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Boris Kruglikov.
I review several proofs for non-existence of orthogonal complex structures on the six-sphere, most notably by G. Bor and L. Hernandez-Lamoneda, but also by K. Sekigawa and L. Vanhecke that we generalize for metrics close to the round one. Invited talk at MAM-1 workshop, 27-30 March 2017, Marburg.
In the present paper we study the rigidity of 2-step Carnot groups, or equivalently, of graded 2-step nilpotent Lie algebras. We prove the alternative that depending on bi-dimensions of the algebra, the Lie algebra structure makes it either always of infinite type or generically rigid, and we specify the bi-dimensions for each of the choices. Explicit criteria for rigidity of pseudo $H$- and $J$-type algebras are given. In particular, we establish the relation of the so-called $J^2$-condition to rigidity, and we explore these conditions in relation to pseudo $H$-type algebras.
Let $Gr(d,n)$ be the Grassmannian of $d$-dimensional linear subspaces of an $n$-dimensional vector space $V$. A submanifold $X\subset Gr(d, n)$ gives rise to a differential system $Σ(X)$ that governs $d$-dimensional submanifolds of $V$ whose Gaussian image is contained in $X$. We investigate a special case of this construction where $X$ is a sixfold in $Gr(4, 6)$. The corresponding system $Σ(X)$ reduces to a pair of first-order PDEs for 2 functions of 4 independent variables. Equations of this type arise in self-dual Ricci-flat geometry. Our main result is a complete description of integrable systems $Σ(X)$. These naturally fall into two subclasses. (1) Systems of Monge-Ampère type. The corresponding sixfolds $X$ are codimension 2 linear sections of the Plücker embedding $Gr(4,6)\subset\mathbb{P}^{14}$. (2) General linearly degenerate systems. The corresponding sixfolds $X$ are the images of quadratic maps $\mathbb{P}^6- Gr(4, 6)$ given by a version of the classical construction of Chasles. We prove that integrability is equivalent to the requirement that the characteristic variety of system $Σ(X)$ gives rise to a conformal structure which is self-dual on every solution. In fact, all solutions carry hyper-Hermitian geometry.
A subalgebra of a Lie algebra $\mathfrak{h}\subset\mathfrak{g}$ determines $\mathfrak{h}$-representation $ρ$ on $\mathfrak{m}=\mathfrak{g}/\mathfrak{h}$. In this note we discuss how to reconstruct $\mathfrak{g}$ from $(\mathfrak{h},\mathfrak{m},ρ)$. In other words, we find all the ingredients for building non-reductive Klein geometries. The Lie algebra cohomology plays a decisive role here.
For an almost product structure $J$ on a manifold $M$ of dimension $6$ with non-degenerate Nijenhuis tensor $N_J$, we show that the automorphism group $G=Aut(M,J)$ has dimension at most 14. In the case of equality $G$ is the exceptional Lie group $G_2^*$. The next possible symmetry dimension is proved to be equal to 10, and $G$ has Lie algebra $sp(4,R)$. Both maximal and submaximal symmetric structures are globally homogeneous and strictly nearly para-Kähler. We also demonstrate that whenever the symmetry dimension is at least 9, then the automorphism algebra acts locally transitively.
We investigate a class of multi-dimensional two-component systems of Monge-Ampère type that can be viewed as generalisations of heavenly-type equations appearing in self-dual Ricci-flat geometry. Based on the Jordan-Kronecker theory of skew-symmetric matrix pencils, a classification of normal forms of such systems is obtained. All two-component systems of Monge-Ampère type turn out to be integrable, and can be represented as the commutativity conditions of parameter-dependent vector fields. Geometrically, systems of Monge-Ampère type are associated with linear sections of the Grassmannians. This leads to an invariant differential-geometric characterisation of the Monge-Ampère property.
We correct an error in the second part of Theorem 3 of our original paper (arXiv:1512.07161).
We establish 2-jet determinacy for the symmetry algebra of the underlying structure of any (complex or real) parabolic geometry. At non-flat points, we prove that the symmetry algebra is in fact 1-jet determined. Moreover, we prove 1-jet determinacy at any point for a variety of non-flat parabolic geometries - in particular torsion-free, parabolic contact, and several other classes.
We investigate dispersionless integrable systems in 3D associated with fourfolds in the Grassmannian Gr(3,5). Such systems appear in numerous applications in continuum mechanics, general relativity and differential geometry, and include such well-known examples as the dispersionless Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation, the Boyer-Finley equation, etc. We prove the equivalence of the four different approaches to integrability, revealing a remarkable correspondence with Einstein-Weyl geometry and the theory of GL(2,R) structures.
The symmetry dimension of a geometric structure is the dimension of its symmetry algebra. We investigate symmetries of almost quaternionic structures of quaternionic dimension $n$. The maximal possible symmetry is realized by the quaternionic projective space $\mathbb{H}P^n$, which is flat and has the symmetry algebra $\mathfrak{sl}(n+1,\mathbb{H})$ of dimension $4n^2+8n+3$. For non-flat almost quaternionic manifolds we compute the next biggest (submaximal) symmetry dimension. We show that it is equal to $4n^2-4n+9$ for $n>1$ (it is equal to 8 for $n=1$). This is realized both by a quaternionic structure (torsion--free) and by an almost quaternionic structure with vanishing quaternionic Weyl curvature.
We discuss the integrability of rank 2 sub-Riemannian structures on low-dimensional manifolds, and then prove that some structures of that type in dimension 6, 7 and 8 have a lot of symmetry but no integrals polynomial in momenta of low degrees, except for those coming from the Killing fields and the Hamiltonian, thus indicating non-integrability of the corresponding geodesic flows.
We compute the quotient of the self-duality equation for conformal metrics by the action of the diffeomorphism group. We also determine Hilbert polynomial, counting the number of independent scalar differential invariants depending on the jet-order, and the corresponding Poincaré function. We describe the field of rational differential invariants separating generic orbits of the diffeomorphism pseudogroup action, resolving the local recognition problem for self-dual conformal structures.
We compute the Hilbert polynomial and the Poincare function counting the number of fixed jet-order differential invariants of conformal metric structures modulo local diffeomorphisms, and we describe the field of rational differential invariants separating generic orbits of the diffeomorphism pseudogroup action. This resolves the local recognition problem for conformal structures.
Veronese webs are closely related to bi-Hamiltonian systems, as was shown by Gelfand and Zakharevich. Recently a correspondence between Veronese three-dimensional webs and three-dimensional Einstein-Weyl structures of hyper-CR type was established. The latter were parametrized by Dunajski and Krynski via the solutions of the dispersionless Hirota equation. In this paper we show relations of Veronese three-dimensional webs to several other integrable equations, deform these equations preserving integrability via a dispersionless Lax pair and compute the corresponding contact symmetries, Backlund transformations and Einstein-Weyl structures. Realization of Veronese webs through solutions of these deformed integrable PDE is based on a correspondence between partially integrable Nijenhuis operators to the operator fields with vanishing Nijenhuis tensor. This correspondence could be used to construct a link between bi-Hamiltonian finite-dimensional integrable systems and dispersionless integrable PDE related to the Veronese webs.
For an almost complex structure $J$ in dimension 6 with nondegenerate Nijenhuis tensor $N_J$, the automorphism group $G=Aut(J)$ of maximal dimension is the exceptional Lie group $G_2$. In this paper we establish that the sub-maximal dimension of automorphism groups of almost complex structures with nondegenerate $N_J$, i.e. the largest realizable dimension that is less than 14, is $\dim G=10$. Next we prove that only 3 spaces realize this, and all of them are strictly nearly (pseudo-) Kähler and globally homogeneous. Moreover, we show that all examples with $\dim Aut(J)=9$ have semi-simple isotropy.
C-projective structures are analogues of projective structures in the complex setting. The maximal dimension of the Lie algebra of c-projective symmetries of a complex connection on an almost complex manifold of C-dimension $n>1$ is classically known to be $2n^2+4n$. We prove that the submaximal dimension is equal to $2n^2-2n+4+2δ_{3,n}$. If the complex connection is minimal (encoded as a normal parabolic geometry), the harmonic curvature of the c-projective structure has three components and we specify the submaximal symmetry dimensions and the corresponding geometric models for each of these three pure curvature types. If the connection is non-minimal, we introduce a modified normalization condition on the parabolic geometry and use this to resolve the symmetry gap problem. We prove that the submaximal symmetry dimension in the class of Levi-Civita connections for pseudo-Kähler metrics is $2n^2-2n+4$, and specializing to the Kähler case, we obtain $2n^2-2n+3$. This resolves the symmetry gap problem for metrizable c-projective structures.
Any smooth geodesic flow is locally integrable with smooth integrals. We show that generically this fails if we require, in addition, that the integrals are polynomial (or, more generally, analytic) in momenta. Consequently we obtain that a generic real-analytic metric does not admit, even locally, a real-analytic integral.
Recently, I. Kossovskiy and R. Shafikov have settled the so-called Dimension Conjecture, which characterizes spherical hypersurfaces in ${\mathbb C}^2$ via the dimension of the algebra of infinitesimal automorphisms. In this note, we propose a short argument for obtaining their result.