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Boris Shoikhet

Publications and source records attributed to Boris Shoikhet.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Generalised Joyal disks and $\Theta_d$-colored $(d+1)$-operads

In this paper, we propose a method for constructing a colored $(d+1)$-operad $\mathbf{seq}_d$ in $\mathrm{Sets}$, in the sense of Batanin [Ba1,2], whose category of colors (=the category of unary operations) is the category $\Theta_d$, dual to the Joyal category of $d$-disks [J], [Be2,3]. For $d=1$ it is the Tamarkin $\Delta$-colored 2-operad $\mathbf{seq}$, playing an important role in his paper [T3] and in the solution loc.cit. to the Deligne conjecture for Hochschild cochains. We expect that for higher $d$ these operads provide a key to solution to the the higher Deligne conjecture, in the (weak) $d$-categorical context. For general $d$ the construction is based on two combinatorial conjectures, which we prove to be true for $d=2,3$. We introduce a concept of a generalised Joyal disk, so that the category of generalised Joyal $d$-disks admits an analogue of the funny product of ordinary categories. (For $d=1$, a generalised Joyal disk is a category with a ``minimal'' and a ``maximal'' object). It makes us possible to define a higher analog $\mathcal{L}^d$ of the lattice path operad [BB] with $\Theta_d$ as the category of unary operations. The $\Theta_d$-colored $(d+1)$-operad $\mathbf{seq}_d$ is found ``inside'' the desymmetrisation of the symmetric operad $\mathcal{L}^d$. We construct ``blocks'' (subfunctors of $\mathcal{L}^d$) labelled by objects of the cartesian $d$-power of the Berger complete graph operad [Be1], and prove the contractibility of a single block in the topological and the dg condensations. In this way, we essentially upgrade the known proof given by McClure-Smith [MS3] for the case $d=1$, so that the refined argument is generalised to the case of $\Theta_d$. Then we prove that $\mathbf{seq}_d$ is contractible in topological and dg condensations (for $d=2,3$, and for general $d$ modulo the two combinatorial conjectures).

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Twisted tensor product of dg categories and Kontsevich's Swiss Cheese conjecture

Let $A$ be a $1$-algebra. The Kontsevich Swiss Cheese conjecture [K2] states that the homotopy category $\mathrm{Ho}(\mathrm{Act}(A))$ of actions of $2$-algebras on $A$ has a final object and that this object is weakly equivalent to the pair $(\mathrm{Hoch}(A), A),$ where $\mathrm{Hoch}(A)$ is the Hochschild complex of $A$. Here the category of actions is the category whose objects are pairs $(B,A)$ which are algebras of the chain Swiss Cheese operad such that the induced action of the little interval operad on the component $A$ coincides with the $1$-structure on $A$. We prove that there is a colored dg operad ${O}$ with 2 colors, weakly equivalent to the chain Swiss Cheese operad for which the following ``stricter" version of the Kontsevich Swiss Cheese conjecture holds. Denote the two colors of ${O}$ by $a$ (for the 1-algebra argument) and $b$ (for the 2-algebra argument), denote by $E_1^{{O}}$ the restriction of ${O}$ to the color $a$, and by $E_2^{{O}}$ the restriction of ${O}$ to the color $b$. Let $\mathrm{Alg}({O})$ be the category of dg algebras over ${O}$. For a fixed $1$-algebra $A$ we also have the the category of action $\mathrm{Alg}({O})_A$ (equal to $\mathrm{Act}(A)$ in case of the Swiss Cheese operad). We prove that there is an equivalence of categories $$\mathrm{Alg}({O})_A \cong \mathrm{Alg}(E_2^{{O}})/\mathrm{Hoch}(A)$$ We stress that for this particular model of Swiss Cheese operad the statement holds on the chain level, without passage to the homotopy category.

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On comparison of the Tamarkin and the twisted tensor product 2-operads

There are known two different constructions of contractible dg 2-operads, providing a weak 2-category structure on the following dg 2-quiver of small dg 2-categories. Its vertices are small dg 2-categories over a given field, arrows are dg functors, and the 2-arrows $F\Rightarrow G$ are defined as the Hochschild cochains of $C$ with coefficients in $C$-bimodule $D(F(-),G(=))$, where $F,G\colon C\to D$ are dg functors, $C,D$ small dg categories. It is known that such definition is correct homotopically, but, on the other hand, the corresponding dg 2-quiver fails to be a strict 2-category. The question ``What do dg categories form'' is the question of finding a weak 2-category structure on it, in an appropriate sense. One way of phrasing it out is to make it an algebra over a contractible 2-operad, in the sense of M.Batanin [Ba1,2] (in turn, there are many compositions of 2-arrows for a given diagram, but their totality forms a contractible complex) . In [T], D.Tamarkin proposed a contractible $\Delta$-colored 2-operad in Sets, whose dg condensation solves the problem. In our recent paper arXiv:1807.04305 we constructed contractible dg 2-operad, called the twisted tensor product operad, acting on the same 2-quiver (the construction uses the twisted tensor product of small dg categories introduced in arXiv:1803.01191). In this paper, we compare the two constructions.

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Lifting formulas, Moyal product, and Feigin spectral sequence

It is shown, that each Lifting cocycle $Ψ_{2n+1},Ψ_{2n+3},Ψ_{2n+5},...$ ([Sh1], [Sh2]) on the Lie algebra $\Dif_n$ of polynomial differential operators on an $n$-dimensional complex vector space is the sum of two cocycles, its even and odd part. We study in more details the first case $n=1$. It is shown, that any nontrivial linear combination of two 3-cocycles on the Lie algebra $\Dif_1$, arising from the 3-cocycle~$Ψ_3$, is not cohomologous to zero, in a contradiction with the Feigin conjecture~[F]. The new conjecture on the cohomology $H^\ndot_\Lie(\Dif_1;\C)$ is made.

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The category $\Theta_2$, derived modifications, and deformation theory of monoidal categories

A complex $C^\bullet(C,D)(F,G)(\eta, \theta)$, generalising the Davydov-Yetter complex of a monoidal category, is constructed. Here $C,D$ are $\Bbbk$-linear (dg) monoidal categories, $F,G\colon C\to D$ are $\Bbbk$-linear (dg) strict monoidal functors, $\eta,\theta\colon F\Rightarrow G$ are monoidal natural transformations. Morally, it is a complex of ``derived modifications'' $\eta \Rrightarrow \theta$, likewise for the case of dg categories one has the complex of ``derived natural transformations'' $F\Rightarrow G$, given by the Hochschild cochain complex of $C$ with coefficients in $C$-bimodule $D(F-,G=)$. As well, an intrinsic homological algebra interpretation of $C^\bullet(C,D)(F,G)(\eta,\theta)$ as $RHom$ in an abelian category of 2-bimodules over $C$, is provided. The complex $C^\bullet(C,D)(F,G)(\eta,\theta)$ naturally arises from a 2-cocellular dg vector space $A(C,D)(F,G)(\eta,\theta)\colon \Theta_2\to C^\bullet(\Bbbk)$, as its $\Theta_2$-totalization (here $\Theta_2$ is the category dual to the category of Joyal 2-disks). It is shown that $H^3(C^\bullet(C,C)(\mathrm{Id},\mathrm{Id})(\mathrm{id},\mathrm{id})))$ is isomorphic to the vector space of the outer infinitesimal deformations of the $\Bbbk$-linear monoidal category which we call {\it full} deformations. It means that the following data is to be deformed: (a) the underlying dg category structure, (b) the monoidal product on morphisms (the monoidal product on objects is a set-theoretical datum and is maintained under the deformation), (c) the associator. It is shown that $C^\bullet(C,D)(F,F)(\mathrm{id},\mathrm{id})$ is a homotopy $e_2$-algebra. Conjecturally, $C^\bullet(C,C)(\mathrm{Id},\mathrm{Id})(\mathrm{id},\mathrm{id})$ is a homotopy $e_3$-algebra; however the proof requires more sophisticated methods and we hope to complete it in our next paper.

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Differential graded categories and Deligne conjecture

We prove a version of the Deligne conjecture for $n$-fold monoidal abelian categories $A$ over a field $k$ of characteristic 0, assuming some compatibility and non-degeneracy conditions for $A$. The output of our construction is a weak Leinster $(n,1)$-algebra over $k$, a relaxed version of the concept of Leinster $n$-algebra in $Alg(k)$. The difference between the Leinster original definition and our relaxed one is apparent when $n>1$, for $n=1$ both concepts coincide. We believe that there exists a functor from weak Leinster $(n,1)$-algebras over $k$ to $C(E_{n+1},k)$-algebras, well-defined when $k=\mathbb{Q}$, and preserving weak equivalences. For the case $n=1$ such a functor is constructed in [Sh4] by elementary simplicial methods, providing (together with this paper) a complete solution for 1-monoidal abelian categories. Our approach to Deligne conjecture is divided into two parts. The first part, completed in the present paper, provides a construction of a weak Leinster $(n,1)$-algebra over $k$, out of an $n$-fold monoidal $k$-linear abelian category (provided the compatibility and non-degeneracy condition are fulfilled). The second part (still open for $n>1$) is a passage from weak Leinster $(n,1)$-algebras to $C(E_{n+1},k)$-algebras. As an application, we prove that the Gerstenhaber-Schack complex of a Hopf algebra over a field $k$ of characteristic 0 admits a structure of a weak Leinster (2,1)-algebra over $k$ extending the Yoneda structure. It relies on our earlier construction [Sh1] of a 2-fold monoidal structure on the abelian category of tetramodules over a bialgebra.

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A closed model structure on the category of weakly unital dg categories, II

In this paper, which is subsequent to our previous paper [PS] (but can be read independently from it), we continue our study of the closed model structure on the category $\mathrm{Cat}_{\mathrm{dgwu}}(\Bbbk)$ of small weakly unital dg categories (in the sense of Kontsevich-Soibelman [KS]) over a field $\Bbbk$. In [PS], we constructed a closed model structure on the category of weakly unital dg categories, imposing a technical condition on the weakly unital dg categories, saying that $\mathrm{id}_x\cdot \mathrm{id}_x=\mathrm{id}_x$ for any object $x$. Although this condition led us to a great simplification, it was redundant and had to be dropped. Here we get rid of this condition, and provide a closed model structure in full generality. The new closed model category is as well cofibrantly generated, and it is proven to be Quillen equivalent to the closed model category $\mathrm{Cat}_\mathrm{dg}(\Bbbk)$ of (strictly unital) dg categories over $\Bbbk$, given by Tabuada [Tab1]. Dropping the condition $\mathrm{id}_x^2=\mathrm{id}_x$ makes the construction of the closed model structure more distant from loc.cit., and requires new constructions. One of them is a pre-triangulated hull of a wu dg category, which in turn is shown to be a wu dg category as well. One example of a weakly unital dg category which naturally appears is the bar-cobar resolution of a dg category. We supply this paper with a refinement of the classical bar-cobar resolution of a unital dg category which is strictly unital (appendix B). A similar construction can be applied to constructing a cofibrant resolution in $\mathrm{Cat}_\mathrm{dgwu}(\Bbbk)$.

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A proof of the contractibility of the 2-operad defined via the twisted tensor product

In our recent papers [Sh1,2], we introduced a {\it twisted tensor product} of dg categories, and provided, in terms of it, {\it a contractible 2-operad $\mathcal{O}$}, acting on the category of small dg categories, in which the "natural transformations" are derived. We made use of some homotopy theory developed in [To] to prove the contractibility of the 2-operad $\mathcal{O}$. The contractibility is an important issue, in vein of the theory of Batanin [Ba1,2], according to which an action of a contractible $n$-operad on $C$ makes $C$ a weak $n$-category. In this short note, we provide a new elementary proof of the contractibility of the 2-operad $\mathcal{O}$. The proof is based on a direct computation, and is independent from the homotopy theory of dg categories (in particular, it is independent from [To] and from Theorem 2.4 of [Sh1]).

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A Quillen model structure on the category of Kontsevich-Soibelman weakly unital dg categories

In this paper, we study weakly unital dg categories as they were defined by Kontsevich and Soibelman [KS, Sect.4]. We construct a cofibrantly generated Quillen model structure on the category $\mathrm{Cat}_{\mathrm{dgwu}}(\Bbbk)$ of small weakly unital dg categories over a field $\Bbbk$. Our model structure can be thought of as an extension of the model structure on the category $\mathrm{Cat}_{\mathrm{dg}}(\Bbbk)$ of (strictly unital) small dg categories over $\Bbbk$, due to Tabuada [Tab]. More precisely, we show that the imbedding of $\mathrm{Cat}_{\mathrm{dg}}(\Bbbk)$ to $\mathrm{Cat}_{\mathrm{dgwu}}(\Bbbk)$ is a right adjoint of a Quillen pair of functors. We prove that this Quillen pair is, in turn, a Quillen equivalence. In course of the proof, we study a non-symmetric dg operad $\mathcal{O}$, governing the weakly unital dg categories, which is encoded in the Kontsevich-Soibelman definition. We prove that this dg operad is quasi-isomorphic to the operad $\mathrm{Assoc}_+$ of unital associative algebras.

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On higher structure on the operadic deformation complexes ${Def}(e_n\to \mathcal{P})$

In this paper, we prove that there is a canonical homotopy $(n+1)$-algebra structure on the shifted operadic deformation complex $Def(e_n\to\mathcal{P})[-n]$ for any operad $\mathcal{P}$ and a map of operads $f\colon e_n\to\mathcal{P}$. This result generalizes the result of [T2], where the case $\mathcal{P}=\mathrm{End}_{Op}(X)$ was considered. Another more computational proof of the same statement was recently sketched in [CW]. Our method combines the one of [T2] with the categorical algebra on the category of symmetric sequences, introduced in [R] and further developed in [KM] and [Fr1]. We define suitable deformation functors on $n$-coalgebras, which are considered as the "non-commutative" base of deformation, prove their representability, and translate properties of the functors to the corresponding properties of the representing objects. A new point, which makes the method more powerful, is to consider the argument of our deformation theory as an object of the category of symmetric sequences of dg vector spaces, not as just a single dg vector space.

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On the twisted tensor product of small dg categories

Given two small dg categories $C,D$, defined over a field, we introduce their (non-symmetric) twisted tensor product $C\overset{\sim}{\otimes} D$. We show that $-\overset{\sim}{\otimes} D$ is left adjoint to the functor $Coh(D,-)$, where $Coh(D,E)$ is the dg category of dg functors $D\to E$ and their coherent natural transformations. This adjunction holds in the category of small dg categories (not in the homotopy category of dg categories $\mathrm{Hot}$). We show that for $C,D$ cofibrant, the adjunction descends to the corresponding adjunction in the homotopy category. Then comparison with a result of Toën shows that, for $C,D$ cofibtant, $C\overset{\sim}{\otimes} D$ is isomorphic to $C\otimes D$, as an object of the homotopy category $\mathrm{Hot}$.

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The twisted tensor product of dg categories and a contractible 2-operad

It is well-known that the "pre-2-category" $\mathscr{C}at_\mathrm{dg}^\mathrm{coh}(k)$ of small dg categories over a field $k$, with 1-morphisms defined as dg functors, and with 2-morphisms defined as the complexes of coherent natural transformations, fails to be a strict 2-category. In [T2], D.Tamarkin constructed a contractible 2-operad in the sense of M.Batanin [Ba3], acting on $\mathscr{C}at_\mathrm{dg}^\mathrm{coh}(k)$. According to Batanin loc.cit., it is a possible way to define a "weak 2-category". In this paper, we provide a construction of {\it another} contractible 2-operad $\mathcal{O}$, acting on $\mathscr{C}at_\mathrm{dg}^\mathrm{coh}(k)$. Our main tool is the {\it twisted tensor product} of small dg categories, introduced in [Sh3]. We establish a one-side associativity for the twisted tensor product, making $(\mathscr{C}at_\mathrm{dg}^\mathrm{coh}(k),\overset{\sim}{\otimes})$ a skew monoidal category in the sense of [LS], and construct a {\it twisted composition} $\mathscr{C}oh_\mathrm{dg}(D,E)\overset{\sim}{\otimes}\mathscr{C}oh_\mathrm{dg}(C,D)\to\mathscr{C}oh_\mathrm{dg}(C,E)$, and prove some compatibility between these two structures. Taken together, the two structures give rise to a 2-operad $\mathcal{O}$, acting on $\mathscr{C}at_\mathrm{dg}^\mathrm{coh}(k)$. Its contractibility is a consequence of a general result of [Sh3].

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An $L_\infty$ algebra structure on polyvector fields

It is well-known that the Kontsevich formality [K97] for Hochschild cochains of the polynomial algebra $A=S(V^*)$ fails if the vector space $V$ is infinite-dimensional. In the present paper, we study the corresponding obstructions. We construct an $L_\infty$ structure on polyvector fields on $V$ having the even degree Taylor components, with the degree 2 component given by the Schouten-Nijenhuis bracket, but having as well higher non-vanishing Taylor components. We prove that this $L_\infty$ algebra is quasi-isomorphic to the corresponding Hochschild cochain complex. We prove that our $L_\infty$ algebra is $L_\infty$ quasi-isomorphic to the Lie algebra of polyvector fields on $V$ with the Schouten-Nijenhuis bracket, if $V$ is finite-dimensional.

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On the tensor product of linear sites and Grothendieck categories

We define a tensor product of linear sites, and a resulting tensor product of Grothendieck categories based upon their representations as categories of linear sheaves. We show that our tensor product is a special case of the tensor product of locally presentable linear categories, and that the tensor product of locally coherent Grothendieck categories is locally coherent if and only if the Deligne tensor product of their abelian categories of finitely presented objects exists. We describe the tensor product of non-commutative projective schemes in terms of Z-algebras, and show that for projective schemes our tensor product corresponds to the usual product scheme.

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Graded Leinster monoids and generalized Deligne conjecture for 1-monoidal abelian categories

In our recent paper [Sh1] a version of the "generalized Deligne conjecture" for abelian $n$-fold monoidal categories is proven. For $n=1$ this result says that, given an abelian monoidal $k$-linear category $\mathscr{A}$ with unit $e$, $k$ a field of characteristic 0, the dg vector space $\mathrm{RHom}_{\mathscr{A}}(e,e)$ is the first component of a Leinster 1-monoid in $\mathscr{A}lg(k)$ (provided a rather mild condition on the monoidal and the abelian structures in $\mathscr{A}$, called homotopy compatibility, is fulfilled). In the present paper, we introduce a new concept of a ${\it graded}$ Leinster monoid. We show that the Leinster monoid in $\mathscr{A}lg(k)$, constructed by a monoidal $k$-linear abelian category in [Sh1], is graded. We construct a functor, assigning an algebra over the chain operad $C(E_2,k)$, to a graded Leinster 1-monoid in $\mathscr{A}lg(k)$, which respects the weak equivalences. Consequently, this paper together with loc.cit. provides a complete proof of the "generalized Deligne conjecture" for 1-monoidal abelian categories, in the form most accessible for applications to deformation theory (such as Tamarkin's proof of the Kontsevich formality).

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On the Evrard fibrant replacement of a functor

We provide a more economical refined version of Evrard's categorical cocylinder factorization of a functor [Ev1,2]. We show that any functor between small categories can be factored into a homotopy equivalence followed by a (co)fibred functor which satisfies the (dual) assumption of Quillen's Theorem B.

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The PBW property for associative algebras as an integrability condition

We develop an elementary method for proving the PBW theorem for associative algebras with an ascending filtration. The idea is roughly the following. At first, we deduce a proof of the PBW property for the {\it ascending} filtration (with the filtered degree equal to the total degree in $x_i$'s) to a suitable PBW-like property for the {\it descending} filtration (with the filtered degree equal to the power of a polynomial parameter $\hbar$, introduced to the problem). This PBW property for the descending filtration guarantees the genuine PBW property for the ascending filtration, for almost all specializations of the parameter $\hbar$. At second, we develop some very constructive method for proving this PBW-like property for the descending filtration by powers of $\hbar$, emphasizing its integrability nature. We show how the method works in three examples. As a first example, we give a proof of the classical Poincaré-Birkhoff-Witt theorem for Lie algebras. As a second, much less trivial example, we present a new proof of a result of Etingof and Ginzburg [EG] on PBW property of algebras with a cyclic non-commutative potential in three variables. Finally, as a third example, we found a criterium, for a general quadratic algebra which is the quotient-algebra of $T(V)[\hbar]$ by the two-sided ideal, generated by $(x_i\otimes x_j-x_j\otimes x_i-\hbarϕ_{ij})_{i,j}$, with $ϕ_{ij}$ general quadratic non-commutative polynomials, to be a PBW for generic specialization $\hbar=a$. This result seems to be new.

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Monoidal cofibrant resolutions of dg algebras

Let $k$ be a field of any characteristic. In this paper, we construct a functorial cofibrant resolution $\mathfrak{R}(A)$ for the $\mathbb{Z}_{\le 0}$-graded dg algebras $A$ over $k$, such that the functor $A\rightsquigarrow \mathfrak{R}(A)$ is colax-monoidal with quasi-isomorphisms as the colax maps. More precisely, there are maps of bifunctors $\mathfrak{R}(A\otimes B)\to \mathfrak{R}(A)\otimes \mathfrak{R}(B)$, compatible with the projections to $A\otimes B$, and obeying the colax-monoidal axiom. The main application of such resolutions (which we consider in our next paper) is the existence of a colax-monoidal dg localization of pre-triangulated dg categories, such that the localization is a genuine dg category, whose image in the homotopy category of dg categories is isomorphic to the Toën's dg localization.

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