arXiv subjects

C. Paulsen

Publications and source records attributed to C. Paulsen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2013

Strong Pauli-limiting behavior of $H_{c2}$ and uniaxial pressure dependencies in KFe2As2

KFe2As2 single crystals are studied using specific-heat, high-resolution thermal-expansion, magnetization, and magnetostriction measurements. The magnetization and magnetostriction data provide clear evidence for strong Pauli limiting effects for magnetic fields parallel to the FeAs planes, suggesting that KFe2As2 may be a good candidate to search for the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state. Using standard thermodynamic relations, the uniaxial pressure derivatives of the critical temperature ($T_{c}$), the normal-state Sommerfeld coefficient ($γ_{n}$), the normal-state susceptibility ($χ$), and the thermodynamic critical field ($H_{c}$) are calculated from our data. We find that the close relationship between doping and pressure as found in other Fe-based systems does not hold for KFe2As2.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2013

Magnetic properties of a family of quinternary oxalates

We report on the magnetic properties of four isomorphous compounds of a family of quinternary oxalates down to 60 mK. In all these materials, the magnetic FeII ions with a strong magneto-crystalline anisotropy form a distorted kagome lattice, topologically equivalent to a perfect kagome one if nearest-neighbor interactions only are considered. All the compounds order at low temperature in an antiferromagnetic arrangement with magnetic moments at 120°. A remarkable magnetic behavior emerges below the Néel temperature in three compounds (with inter-kagome-layer Zr, Sn, Fe but not with Al): the spin anisotropy combined with a low exchange path network connectivity lead to domain walls intersecting the kagome planes through strings of free spins. These produce an unfamiliar slow spin dynamics in the ordered phase observed by AC susceptibility, evolving from exchange-released spin-flips towards a cooperative behavior on decreasing the temperature.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2012

Low-temperature magnetization in geometrically frustrated Tb2Ti2O7

The nature of the low temperature ground state of the pyrochlore compound Tb2Ti2O7 remains a puzzling issue. Dynamic fluctuations and short-range correlations persist down to 50 mK, as evidenced by microscopic probes. In parallel, magnetization measurements show irreversibilities and glassy behavior below 200 mK. We have performed magnetization and AC susceptibility measurements on four single crystals down to 57 mK. We did not observe a clear plateau in the magnetization as a function of field along the [111] direction, as suggested by the quantum spin ice model. In addition to a freezing around 200 mK, slow dynamics are observed in the AC susceptibility up to 4 K. The overall frequency dependence cannot be described by a canonical spin-glass behavior.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2012

Spin Dynamics at Very Low Temperature in Spin Ice Dy$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$

We have performed AC susceptibility and DC magnetic relaxation measurements on the spin ice system Dy$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ down to 0.08 K. The relaxation time of the magnetization has been estimated below 2 K down to 0.08 K. The spin dynamics of Dy$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ is well described by using two relaxation times ($τ_{\rm S}$ (short time) and $τ_{\rm L}$ (long time)). Both $τ_{\rm S}$ and $τ_{\rm L}$ increase on cooling. Assuming the Arrhenius law in the temperature range 0.5-1 K, we obtained an energy barrier of 9 K. Below 0.5 K, both $τ_{\rm S}$ and $τ_{\rm L}$ show a clear deviation from the thermal activated dynamics toward temperature independent relaxation, suggesting a quantum dynamics.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2012

Domain Wall Spin Dynamics in Kagome Antiferromagnets

We report magnetization and neutron scattering measurements down to 60 mK on a new family of Fe based kagome antiferromagnets, in which a strong local spin anisotropy combined with a low exchange path network connectivity lead to domain walls intersecting the kagome planes through strings of free spins. These produce unfamiliar slow spin dynamics in the ordered phase, evolving from exchange-released spin-flips towards a cooperative behavior on decreasing the temperature, probably due to the onset of long-range dipolar interaction. A domain structure of independent magnetic grains is obtained that could be generic to other frustrated magnets.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2010

Trends in Heavy Fermion Matter

A brief review on major advances in heavy fermion physics is presented including the Ce metal phase diagram, the huge effective mass detected in CeAl3, and the successive discoveries of unconventional superconductivity in CeCu2Si2 and three U based compounds, UBe13, UPt3 and URu2Si2. In order to track the origin of the huge effective mass, the case of intermediate valence compounds is discussed with emphasis of the differences between Yb and Ce materials. The formation of the effective mass is analyzed by two regular- and singular-part contributions. Examples are given for both, antiferromagnetic (CeRu2Si2 series) and ferromagnetic tricriticalities (UGe2). Pressure and magnetic-field studies on the ferromagnetic superconductor URhGe illustrate the role of the singular effective mass enhancement on the superconducting pairing. The discovery of the Ce-115 material gives the opportunity to study deeply the interplay of antiferromagnetism and superconductivity. This is clearly demonstrated by field re-entrance AF inside the SC phase just below the superconducting upper critical field (Hc2) for CeCoIn5 or on both side of Hc2 within a restricted pressure window for CeRhIn5. The present status of the search for the hidden-order parameter of URu2Si2 is given and we emphasize that it may correspond to a lattice unit-cell doubling which leads to a drastic change in the band structure and spin dynamic, with the possibility of competition between multipolar ordering and antiferromagnetism.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2010

Convergence of the enhancement of the effective mass under pressure and magnetic field in heavy-fermion compounds: CeRu2Si2, CeRh2Si2, and CeIn3

Emphasis is given on the observation of a convergence to a critical value of the effective mass of a heavy fermion compound by tuning it through a quantum instability either by applying pressure or magnetic field from an antiferromagnetic (AF) to a paramagnetic (PM) ground state. Macroscopic and microscopic results are discussed and the main message is to rush to the discovery of an ideal material whose Fermi surface could be fully observed on both sides of each quantum phase transition.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2009

Crystal growth, structure and ferromagnetic properties of a Ce3Pt23Si11 single crystal

A high-quality single crystal of Ce3Pt23Si11 has been grown using the Czochralski method. The crystal structure is presented and the chemical composition has been checked using an electron microprobe analyzer. Measurements of the electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility performed at low temperature show a ferromagnetic transition at Tc = 0.44 K.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2009

Relaxation in the 3D ordered CoTAC spin chain by quantum nucleation of 0D domain walls

We have shown that resonant quantum tunnelling of the magnetisation (QTM), until now observed only in 0D cluster systems (SMMs), occurs in the molecular Ising spin chain, CoTAC ([(CH_3)_3NH]CoCl_3 - 2H_2O) which orders as a canted 3D-antiferromagnet at T_C=4.15 K. This effect was observed around a resonant like field value of 1025 Oe. We present here measurements of the relaxation of the magnetisation as a function of time, from the zero field cooled (ZFC) antiferromagnet state and from the saturated ferromagnet state. We show that, at the resonant field, the relaxation from the saturated state occurs in a complicated process, whereas, surprisingly, in the case of the ZFC state, the relaxation is exponential.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2008

Intrinsic avalanches and collective phenomena in a Mn(II)-free radical ferrimagnetic chain

Magnetic hysteresis loops below 300 mK on single crystals of the Mn(II) - nitronyl nitroxide free radical chain (Mn(hfac)_2({\it R})-3MLNN) present abrupt reversals of the magnetization, or avalanches. We show that, below 200 mK, the avalanches occur at a constant field, independent of the sample and so propose that this avalanche field is an intrinsic property. We compare this field to the energy barrier existing in the sample and conclude that the avalanches are provoked by multiple nucleation of domain-walls along the chains. The different avalanche field observed in the zero field cooled magnetization curves suggests that the avalanche mechanisms are related to the competition between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic order in this compound.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2007

Mesoscopic Magnetic States in Metallic Alloys with Strong Electronic Correlations: A Percolative Scenario for CeNi$_{1-x}$Cu$_{x}$

We present evidence for the existence of magnetic clusters of approximately 20 Åin the strongly correlated alloy system CeNi$_{1-x}$Cu$_{x}$ (0.7 $\le$ x $\le$ 0.2) based on small angle neutron scattering experiments as well as the occurrence of staircase-like hysteresis cycles during very low temperature (100 mK) magnetization measurements. An unusual feature is the observation of long-range ferromagnetic order below the cluster-glass transition without any indication of a sharp transition at a Curie temperature. These observations strongly support a phenomenological model where a percolative process connects the cluster-glass state observed at high temperatures with the long-range ferromagnetic order observed by neutron diffraction experiments at very low temperatures. The model can account for all the puzzling macroscopic and microscopic data previously obtained in this system, providing a new perspective with regard to the magnetic ground state of other alloyed compounds with small magnetic moments or weak ferromagnetism with intrinsic disorder effects.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2006

Subtle competition between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic order in a Mn(II) - free radical ferrimagnetic chain

The macroscopic magnetic characterization of the Mn(II) - nitronyl nitroxide free radical chain (Mn(hfac)2(R)-3MLNN) evidenced its transition from a 1-dimensional behavior of ferrimagnetic chains to a 3-dimensional ferromagnetic long range order below 3 K. Neutron diffraction experiments, performed on a single crystal around the transition temperature, led to a different conclusion : the magnetic Bragg reflections detected below 3 K correspond to a canted antiferromagnet where the magnetic moments are mainly oriented along the chain axis. Surprisingly in the context of other compounds in this family of magnets, the interchain coupling is antiferromagnetic. This state is shown to be very fragile since a ferromagnetic interchain arrangement is recovered in a weak magnetic field. This peculiar behavior might be explained by the competition between dipolar interaction, shown to be responsible for the antiferromagnetic long range order below 3 K, and exchange interaction, the balance between these interactions being driven by the strong intrachain spin correlations. More generally, this study underlines the need, in this kind of molecular compounds, to go beyond macroscopic magnetization measurements.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2006

Resonant quantum tunneling of spin chains in a three-dimensionnal magnetically ordered state

We show that resonant quantum tunneling of the magnetization, until now observed only in zero-dimensional (0D) cluster systems, occurs in the molecular Ising spin chain $[(CH_3)_3NH]CoCl_3\cdot 2H_2O$, which orders as a canted 3D-antiferromagnet at $T_C=4.15 K$. We present three features that prove unambigously the existence of resonant quantum tunneling below $0.3 K$ ($T_C/12$): Temperature independent relaxation of the magnetization, speeding up of the relaxation at a well defined field ($1025 Oe$) and increase of the magnetization each time this field is crossed during a succession of minor hysteresis loops. A mechanism is proposed to describe the behavior based on a simple model of 0D domain wall nucleation.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2005

Observation of an unusual equilibrium in the molecular nano-magnet Fe_8

Magnetization measurements made in small fields as a function of temperature reveal an unusual equilibrium below 900 mK for the molecular nano-magnet Fe_8. Measurements of the relaxation of the magnetization demonstrate that the approach to the equilibrium is non-trivial and suggest that a competition exists between quantum tunneling of the giant spins and thermodynamic behavior. As a result, at very low temperature the entropy of the spin system remains very large.

cond-mat.other↗

arXiv2004

Superconducting phase diagram of the filled skuterrudite PrOs4Sb12

We present new measurements of the specific heat of the heavy fermion superconductor PrOs4Sb12, on a sample which exhibits two sharp distinct anomalies at Tc1= 1.89K and Tc2= 1.72K. They are used to draw a precise magnetic field-temperature superconducting phase diagram of PrOs4Sb12 down to 350 mK. We discuss the superconducting phase diagram of PrOs4Sb12 and its possible relation with an unconventional superconducting order parameter. We give a detailed analysis of Hc2(T), which shows paramagnetic limitation (a support for even parity pairing) and multiband effects.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2004

Ordering and Excitations in the Field-Induced Magnetic Phase of Cs_3Cr_2Br_9

Field-induced magnetic order has been investigated in detail in the interacting spin 3/2 dimer system Cs_3Cr_2Br_9. Elastic and inelastic neutron scattering measurements were performed up to H = 6 T, well above the critical field H_c1 = 1.5 T. The ordering displays incommensurabilities and a large hysteresis before a commensurate structure is reached. This structure is fully determined. Surprisingly, the lowest excitation branch never closes. Above H_c1, the gap increases slowly with field. An analysis in terms of projected pseudo-spin is given.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2001

Unconventional antiferromagnetic correlations of the doped Haldane gap system Y$_2$BaNi$_{1-x}$Zn$_x$O$_5$

We make a new proposal to describe the very low temperature susceptibility of the doped Haldane gap compound Y$_2$BaNi$_{1-x}$Zn$_x$O$_5$. We propose a new mean field model relevant for this compound. The ground state of this mean field model is unconventional because antiferromagnetism coexists with random dimers. We present new susceptibility experiments at very low temperature. We obtain a Curie-Weiss susceptibility $χ(T) \sim C / (Θ+T)$ as expected for antiferromagnetic correlations but we do not obtain a direct signature of antiferromagnetic long range order. We explain how to obtain the ``impurity'' susceptibility $χ_{imp}(T)$ by subtracting the Haldane gap contribution to the total susceptibility. In the temperature range [1 K, 300 K] the experimental data are well fitted by $T χ_{imp}(T) = C_{imp} (1 + T_{imp}/T )^{-γ}$. In the temperature range [100 mK, 1 K] the experimental data are well fitted by $T χ_{imp}(T) = A \ln{(T/T_c)}$, where $T_c$ increases with $x$. This fit suggests the existence of a finite Néel temperature which is however too small to be probed directly in our experiments. We also obtain a maximum in the temperature dependence of the ac-susceptibility $χ'(T)$ which suggests the existence of antiferromagnetic correlations at very low temperature.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2001

Tuning of the magnetic properties of the high spin molecular cluster Fe8

The synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic characterization of a high spin cluster comprising eight iron ions, are presented in this contribution. The cluster has formula [(tacn)6Fe8O2(OH)12Br4.3(ClO4)3.7]6H2O, (Fe8PCL) where tacn is the organic ligand 1,4,7-triazacyclononane. It can be considered a derivative of Fe8Br8, a cluster whose low temperature dynamics of the magnetization has been deeply investigated, where four of the bromide ions have been replaced by perchlorate anions. The structure of the central core of the two molecules, [Fe8O(OH)12(tacn)6]8+, is essentially the same, but Fe8PCL has a higher symmetry (Fe8Br8 crystallizes in the acentric P1 space group, while Fe8PCL crystallizes in the P21/c space group, monoclinic). The magnetic properties of Fe8PCL suggest it is very similar to Fe8Br having a S=10 ground state as well. The zero field splitting parameters were accurately determined by HF-EPR measurements. The two clusters have similar axial anisotropy but Fe8PCL has a larger transverse anisotropy. Ac susceptibility measurements revealed the cluster behaves like a superparamagnetic particle. However, due to the occurrence of large terms in the transverse anisotropy, the temperature dependence of the relaxation time can not be reproduced by a simple Arrhenius law. As observed in Fe8Br8, below 350 mK the relaxation time becomes temperature independent, indicating that a pure tunneling regime is attained. The comparison of the tunneling rate in the two clusters shows that in the perchlorate derivative the relaxation process is 35 times faster. The observed ratio of the tunneling rates is in reasonable agreement with that calculated from the tunneling splitting, i.e. the energy difference between the two almost degenerate lowest levels Ms = +/-10, in the two clusters.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗