Beyond UDP: RDMA as the Missing Link for Gigasample Software-Defined Radio
Software-defined radio (SDR) front ends have gained an order of magnitude in sample rate within a single product generation, while the transport that carries their output has not changed: samples are packed into Ethernet datagrams and reassembled by the host processor. At gigasample rates this fails on two counts at once, exhausting the time the host has per packet and the memory bandwidth it has for copying, and no amount of tuning or kernel bypass recovers both. The burden has instead been passed to the user, who must supply operating system expertise that has nothing to do with radio. We show that remote direct memory access removes the problem rather than relocating it. The SDR places received samples directly into memory the host has registered, and fetches samples for transmission from that memory when its converters require them. The processor leaves the data path in both directions, each sample byte crosses the memory bus once, and the transmit path loses the hard real-time pacing problem that has always accompanied it. What remains for the user application is the signal processing itself, which should be all an SDR requires, even at gigasample rates.