arXiv subjects

Chao Ju

Publications and source records attributed to Chao Ju.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2025

A versatile coherent Ising computing platform

Coherent Ising Machines (CIMs) have emerged as a hybrid form of quantum computing devices designed to solve NP-complete problems, offering an exciting opportunity for discovering optimal solutions. Despite challenges such as susceptibility to noise-induced local minima, we achieved notable advantages in improving the computational accuracy and stability of CIMs. We conducted a successful experimental demonstration of CIM via femto-second laser pumping that integrates optimization strategies across optical and structural dimensions, resulting in significant performance enhancements. The results are particularly promising. An average success rate of 55% was achieved to identify optimal solutions within a Mobius Ladder graph comprising 100 vertices. Compared with other alternatives, the femto-second pulse results in significantly higher peak power, leading to more pronounced quantum effects and lower pump power in optical fiber based CIMs. In addition, we have maintained an impressive success rate for a continuous period of 8 hours, emphasizing the practical applicability of CIMs in real-world scenarios. Furthermore, our research extends to the application of these principles in practical applications such as molecular docking and credit scoring. The results presented substantiate the theoretical promise of CIMs, paving the way for their integration into large-scale practical applications.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2024

Ground States of Class S Theory on ADE Singularities and dual Chern-Simons theory

In radial quantization, the ground states of a gauge theory on ADE singularities $\mathbb{R}^4/\Gamma$ are characterized by flat connections that are maps from $\Gamma$ to the gauge group. We study Class $\mathcal{S}$ theory of type $\mathfrak{a}_1=\mathfrak{su}(2)$ on a Riemann surface of genus $g>1$, without punctures. The fundamental building block of Class $\mathcal{S}$ theory is the trifundamental Trinion theory - a low energy limit of two M5 branes compactified on the three-punctured Riemann sphere. We show, through the superconformal index, that the supersymmetric Casimir energy of the trifundamental theory imposes a constraint on the set of allowed flat connections, which agrees with the prediction of a duality relating the ground state Hilbert space of Class $\mathcal{S}$ on ADE singularities to the Hilbert space of a certain dual Chern-Simons theory whose gauge group is given by the McKay correspondence. The conjecture is shown to hold for $\Gamma=\mathbb{Z}_k$, agreeing with the previous results of Benini et al. and Alday et al. A non-abelian generalization of this duality is analyzed by considering the example of the dicyclic group $\Gamma=\text{Dic}_2$, corresponding to Chern-Simons gauge group SO$(8)$.

hep-th↗

arXiv2023

Exact Degeneracy of Casimir Energy for $\mathcal{N}=4$ Supersymmetric Yang-Mills Theory on ADE Singularities and S-Duality

Classically, the ground states of $\mathcal{N}=4$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory on $\mathbb{R}\times S^3/\Gamma$ where $\Gamma$ is a discrete ADE subgroup of $SU(2)$ are represented by flat Wilson lines winding around the ADE singularity. By a duality relating such ground states to WZW conformal blocks, the ground state degeneracy cannot be lifted by quantum corrections. Using the superconformal index, we compute the supersymmetric Casimir energy of each flat Wilson line for $SU(2)$ SYM on different ADE singularities and find that the flat Wilson lines all have the same supersymmetric Casimir energy. We argue that this exact degeneracy is peculiar to $\mathcal{N}=4$ supersymmetry and show that the degeneracy is lifted when the number of supersymmetry is reduced. In particular, we uncover a surprising result for the ground state structure of the conformal $\mathcal{N}=2$ $SU(2)$ four-flavor theory on $S^3/\Gamma$. For $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM, S-duality maps the ground state Wilson lines to ground state t' Hooft lines taking values in the Langlands dual group. We show that the supersymmetric Casimir energy of the t' Hooft line ground states is the same as the Wilson line ground states. This can be viewed as a ground state test of S-duality.

hep-th↗

arXiv2023

Radiology-Llama2: Best-in-Class Large Language Model for Radiology

This paper introduces Radiology-Llama2, a large language model specialized for radiology through a process known as instruction tuning. Radiology-Llama2 is based on the Llama2 architecture and further trained on a large dataset of radiology reports to generate coherent and clinically useful impressions from radiological findings. Quantitative evaluations using ROUGE metrics on the MIMIC-CXR and OpenI datasets demonstrate that Radiology-Llama2 achieves state-of-the-art performance compared to other generative language models, with a Rouge-1 score of 0.4834 on MIMIC-CXR and 0.4185 on OpenI. Additional assessments by radiology experts highlight the model's strengths in understandability, coherence, relevance, conciseness, and clinical utility. The work illustrates the potential of localized language models designed and tuned for specialized domains like radiology. When properly evaluated and deployed, such models can transform fields like radiology by automating rote tasks and enhancing human expertise.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2023

Radiology-GPT: A Large Language Model for Radiology

We introduce Radiology-GPT, a large language model for radiology. Using an instruction tuning approach on an extensive dataset of radiology domain knowledge, Radiology-GPT demonstrates superior performance compared to general language models such as StableLM, Dolly and LLaMA. It exhibits significant versatility in radiological diagnosis, research, and communication. This work serves as a catalyst for future developments in clinical NLP. The successful implementation of Radiology-GPT is indicative of the potential of localizing generative large language models, specifically tailored for distinctive medical specialties, while ensuring adherence to privacy standards such as HIPAA. The prospect of developing individualized, large-scale language models that cater to specific needs of various hospitals presents a promising direction. The fusion of conversational competence and domain-specific knowledge in these models is set to foster future development in healthcare AI. A demo of Radiology-GPT is available at https://huggingface.co/spaces/allen-eric/radiology-gpt.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2023

Chern-Simons Theory, Ehrhart Polynomials, and Representation Theory

The Hilbert space of level $q$ Chern-Simons theory of gauge group $G$ of the ADE type quantized on $T^2$ can be represented by points that lie on the weight lattice of the Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ up to some discrete identifications. Of special significance are the points that also lie on the root lattice. The generating functions that count the number of such points are quasi-periodic Ehrhart polynomials which coincide with the generating functions of $SU(q)$ representation of the ADE subgroups of $SU(2)$ given by the McKay correspondence. This coincidence has roots in a string/M theory construction where D3(M5)-branes are put along an ADE singularity. Finally, a new perspective on the McKay correspondence that involves the inverse of the Cartan matrices is proposed.

math-ph↗

arXiv2018

Finding Exact Forms on Thermodynamic Manifolds

Because only two variables are needed to characterize a simple thermodynamic system in equilibrium, any such system is constrained on a 2D manifold. Of particular interest are the exact 1-forms on the cotangent space of that manifold, since the integral of exact 1-forms is path-independent, a crucial property satisfied by state variables such as the internal energy dE and the entropy dS. Our prior work shows that given an appropriate language of vector calculus, a machine can re-discover the Maxwell equations and the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations from simulation. We speculate that we can enhance this language by including differential forms. In this paper, we use the example of classical thermodynamics to show that there exists a simple algorithm to automate the process of finding exact 1-forms on a thermodynamic manifold. Since entropy appears in various fields of science in different guises, a potential extension of this work is to use the machinery developed in this paper to re-discover the expressions for entropy from data in fields other than classical thermodynamics.

math-ph↗

arXiv2017

TheoSea: Marching Theory to Light

There is sufficient information in the far-field of a radiating dipole antenna to rediscover the Maxwell Equations and the wave equations of light, including the speed of light $c.$ TheoSea is a Julia program that does this in about a second, and the key insight is that the compactness of theories drives the search. The program is a computational embodiment of the scientific method: observation, consideration of candidate theories, and validation.

cs.AI↗