arXiv subjects

Christian Balfagon

Publications and source records attributed to Christian Balfagon.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Doubly Logarithmic Corrections to Radiation Domination from CET {\Omega}: Theory and Planck/BBN Constraints

We present the CET Omega framework, a causal-informational extension of standard cosmology that predicts a universal doubly logarithmic correction to the radiation energy density in the early Universe. This correction arises naturally from scale-invariant spectral sectors with logarithmically-running infrared scales and represents a low-energy manifestation of the full CET Omega theory. We derive the doubly logarithmic form from two complementary perspectives -- spectral integration and renormalization group flow -- and perform a full Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis jointly varying six LambdaCDM parameters and alpha_log, using Planck 2018 TT, TE, EE + lowE likelihoods and BBN constraints. The result, alpha_log = -0.008 +/- 0.006 (68\% C.L.), is consistent with zero. We identify the expected N_eff degeneracies with H0 and n_s, establish the first observational bound |alpha_log| <= 0.006, and demonstrate that future CMB-S4 measurements can probe |alpha_log| ~ 10^{-3}.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2026

Ringdown bounds and spectral density limits from GWTC-3

We establish the first observational bounds on causal nonlocal extensions of gravity characterized by retarded Stieltjes-type kernels with positive spectral density rho(mu) >= 0, using two complementary gravitational-wave channels. From a Bayesian ringdown analysis of 17 binary black hole events in the LIGO-Virgo GWTC-3 catalogue, we set an observational ceiling on universal fractional quasi-normal mode deformations of |epsilon_Omega| < 0.05 (90% C.L.), with a cumulative log Bayes factor ln B = -0.46 +/- 0.77. By mapping published GWTC-3 modified dispersion relation bounds together with the GW170817 propagation speed constraint onto the Stieltjes spectral parameter space (mu_char, M0), we exclude a broad class of infrared-extended spectral densities with mu <= 10^{-6} m^{-2}, thereby ruling out non-trivial regions of the nonlocal kernel parameter space for the first time. The theoretically motivated fiducial range mu_char ~ M_*^2 ~ 10^8-10^10 m^{-2} satisfies all current bounds. We further show that sub-millimetre gravity experiments, which already operate at the predicted causal scale l_* ~ 10^{-4} m, provide the most promising path toward a direct test. These results define quantitative benchmarks against which future observations across the gravitational-wave, short-range gravity, and cosmological sectors can be compared.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2026

Informational corrections to the early-Universe radiation sector: CET Omega, WIMP freeze-out, and implications for a possible 20 GeV gamma-ray excess

Recent analyses of Fermi-LAT data have identified a nearly spherical, halo-like excess of gamma rays peaking at E_gamma ~ 20 GeV. If interpreted as dark matter annihilation, the excess directly probes the thermal freeze-out epoch and therefore any non-standard corrections to the early-Universe expansion rate. In this work we examine the implications of this tentative signal for CET Omega, an informational and modular extension of relativistic quantum field theory and cosmology. CET Omega predicts a universal state-dependent modification to the radiation energy density of the early Universe, characterized by a doubly logarithmic correction originating from renormalized modular fluctuations in the spectral triple of the theory. The correction is negligible during Big Bang nucleosynthesis and recombination but becomes relevant during thermal WIMP freeze-out. We derive the correction from the modular two-point function, justify the onset scale associated with the informational sector, and compute its quantitative impact on freeze-out through numerical solutions. We also analyze the evolution of the informational field Phi_Omega(x) and show that it freezes in before the freeze-out epoch and survives to the present time under gravitational advection. The resulting modification induces percent-level shifts in the relic abundance and sub-percent morphological corrections to the annihilation gamma-ray flux. We compare the scenario with Early Dark Energy, kination, and varying N_eff models, and show that the parameter range 10^{-4} < alpha_log < 10^{-2} remains consistent with Planck, BBN, and BAO constraints while predicting potentially observable deviations in the gamma-ray morphology accessible to next-generation MeV-GeV missions.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2026

CETOmega: The Causal-Informational Completion of Gravity

We present CETOmega, a unified framework that completes gravity through a causal-informational principle. The theory reconciles general relativity and quantum mechanics within a strictly four-dimensional, nonlocal, and causal formulation. At its core lies an analytic and retarded kernel K^-1(Box_R), derived from a discrete causal network, which governs the propagation of the gravitational and scalar sectors. A scalar field, the texon, emerges as the effective excitation of causal connectivity and accounts simultaneously for dark matter and dark energy without introducing extra degrees of freedom or breaking locality. The formalism ensures analyticity, spectral positivity, and holographic completeness. The kernel admits a Stieltjes representation with positive spectral density rho(mu) greater than or equal to zero, guaranteeing unitarity and causal propagation. At cosmological scales, CETOmega predicts stable inflationary dynamics consistent with Planck observations. Black hole ringdown frequencies acquire perturbative corrections controlled by the causal scale and remain subleading for astrophysical black holes within the fiducial window l* between 10^-5 and 10^-4 meters, where l* defines the mean causal correlation length of the texonic field. CETOmega thus provides a complete, causal, and informational foundation for spacetime dynamics, recovering Einstein gravity in the infrared while extending its validity to the quantum and cosmological domains.

physics.gen-ph↗