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Claudio Coriano

Publications and source records attributed to Claudio Coriano.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

Axions from Intersecting Branes and Decoupled Chiral Fermions at the Large Hadron Collider

We present a study of a class of effective actions which show typical axion-like interactions, and of their possible effects at the Large Hadron Collider. One important feature of these models is the presence of one pseudoscalar which is a generalization of the Peccei-Quinn axion. This can be very light and very weakly coupled, with a mass which is unrelated to its couplings to the gauge fields, described by Wess Zumino interactions. We discuss two independent realizations of these models, one derived from the theory of intersecting branes and the second one obtained by decoupling one chiral fermion per generation (one right-handed neutrino) from an anomaly-free mother theory. The key features of this second realization are illustrated using a simple example. Charge assignments of intersecting branes can be easily reproduced by the chiral decoupling approach, which remains more general at the level of the solution of its anomaly equations. Using considerations based on its lifetime, we show that in brane models the axion can be dark matter only if its mass is ultralight ($\sim 10^{-4}$ eV), while in the case of fermion decoupling it can reach the GeV region, due to the absence of fermion couplings between the heavy Higgs and the light fermion spectrum. For a GeV axion derived from brane models we present a detailed discussion of its production rates at the LHC.

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Searching for an Axion-like Particle at the Large Hadron Collider

Axion-like particles are an important part of the spectrum of anomalous gauge theories involving modified mechanisms of cancellation of the gauge anomalies. Among these are intersecting brane models, which are characterized by the presence of one physical axion. We overview a recent study of their supersymmetric construction and some LHC studies of the productions rates for a gauged axion.

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Trilinear Gauge Interactions in Extensions of the Standard Model and Unitarity

We summarize recent work on the characterization of anomaly poles in connection with the field-theory interpretation of the Green-Schwarz mechanism of anomaly cancellation and on their effective field theories, stressing on the properties of the anomaly vertex in two representations, the Rosenberg and the Longitudinal/Transverse. The presence of polar amplitudes in these theories causes a violation of unitarity at high energy which is cured by the exchange of the axion. We comment on the possible physical implications of this mechanism.

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Axion and Neutralinos from Supersymmetric Extensions of the Standard Model with anomalous U(1)'s

We analyze the conditions under which some supersymmetric generalizations of a class of models descending from string theory allow an axion in the physical spectrum, due to the presence of anomalous abelian gauge interactions. The gauge structure of these constructions involve the Stueckelberg supermultiplet and a supersymmetric version of the Wess-Zumino term for anomaly cancellation. While these conditions are not satisfied by the MSSM superpotential, we show that an axion-like particle appears in the spectrum if extra Standard Model singlets are present. We show that the minimal requirements are met by simple superpotentials in which the singlet superfield is charged under the anomalous U(1). The dark matter sector of these models include an axion and several neutralinos with an axino component.

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Z-prime Searches at the LHC: Some QCD Precision Studies in Drell-Yan

Discovery potentials for extra neutral interactions at the Large Hadron Collider in forthcoming experiments are analyzed in Drell-Yan. For this purpose we use high precision next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) determination of the mass invarian distributions and of the total cross sections in the kinematic region around 1 TeV. In this region we explore the possibility to make a preliminary distinction between different anomaly-free extentions of the Standard Model.

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Precision Studies of the NNLO DGLAP Evolution at the LHC with CANDIA

We summarize the theoretical approach to the solution of the NNLO DGLAP equations using methods based on the logarithmic expansions in x-space and their implementation into the C program Candia 1.0. We present the various options implemented in the program and discuss the different solutions. The user can choose the order of the evolution, the type of the solution, which can be either exact or truncated, and the evolution either with a fixed or a varying flavor number, implemented in the varying-flavour-number scheme (VFNS). The renormalization and factorization scale dependences are treated separately. In the non-singlet sector the program implements an exact NNLO solution.

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Searching for Extra Z' from Strings and Other Models at the LHC with Leptoproduction

Discovery potentials for extra neutral interactions at the Large Hadron Collider in forthcoming experiments are analyzed using resonant leptoproduction. For this purpose we use high precision next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) determinations of the QCD background in this channel, at the tail of the Drell-Yan distributions, in the invariant mass region around $ 0.8< Q < 2.5 $ TeV. We focus our analysis primarily on a novel string-inspired $Z^\prime$, obtained in left-right symmetric free fermionic heterotic string models and whose existence at low energies is motivated by its role in suppressing proton decay mediation. We analyze the parametric dependence of the predictions and perform comparison with other models based on bottom up approaches, that are constructed by requiring anomaly cancellation and enlarged Higgs structure. We show that the results are not particularly sensitive to the specific charge assignments. This may render quite difficult the extraction of significant information from the forward-backward asymmetries on the resonance, assuming that these are possible due to a sizeable width. The challenge to discover extra (non anomalous) $Z^\prime$ in this kinematic region remains strongly dependent on the size of the new gauge coupling. Weakly coupled extra $Z^\prime$ will not be easy to identify even with a very good theoretical determination of the QCD background through NNLO.

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Unitarity Bounds for Gauged Axionic Interactions and the Green-Schwarz Mechanism

We analyze the effective actions of anomalous models in which a four-dimensional version of the Green-Schwarz mechanism is invoked for the cancellation of the anomalies, and we compare it with those models in which gauge invariance is restored by the presence of a Wess-Zumino term. Some issues concerning an apparent violation of unitarity of the mechanism, which requires Dolgov-Zakharov poles, are carefully examined, using a class of amplitudes studied in the past by Bouchiat-Iliopoulos-Meyer (BIM), and elaborating on previous studies. In the Wess-Zumino case we determine explicitly the unitarity bound using a realistic model of intersecting branes (the Madrid model) by studying the corresponding BIM amplitudes. This is shown to depend significantly on the Stückelberg mass and on the coupling of the extra anomalous gauge bosons and allows one to identify Standard-Model-like regions (which are anomaly-free) from regions where the growth of certain amplitudes is dominated by the anomaly, separated by an inflection point which could be studied at the LHC. The bound can even be around 5-10 TeV's for a $Z'$ mass around 1 TeV and varies sensitively with the anomalous coupling. The results for the WZ case are quite general and apply to all the models in which an axion-like interaction is introduced as a generalization of the Peccei-Quinn mechanism, with a gauged axion.

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A Novel String Derived Z' With Stable Proton, Light-Neutrinos and R-parity violation

The Standard Model indicates the realization of grand unified structures in nature, and can only be viewed as an effective theory below a higher energy cutoff. While the renormalizable Standard Model forbids proton decay mediating operators due to accidental global symmetries, many extensions of the Standard Model introduce such dimension four, five and six operators. Furthermore, quantum gravity effects are expected to induce proton instability, indicating that the higher energy cutoff scale must be above 10^{16}GeV. Quasi-realistic heterotic string models provide the arena to explore how perturbative quantum gravity affects the particle physics phenomenology. An appealing explanation for the proton longevity is provided by the existence of an Abelian gauge symmetry that suppresses the proton decay mediating operators. Additionally, such a low-scale U(1) symmetry should: allow the suppression of the left-handed neutrino masses by a seesaw mechanism; allow fermion Yukawa couplings to the electroweak Higgs doublets; be anomaly free; be family universal. These requirements render the existence of such U(1) symmetries in quasi-realistic heterotic string models highly non-trivial. We demonstrate the existence of a U(1) symmetry that satisfies all of the above requirements in a class of left-right symmetric heterotic string models in the free fermionic formulation. The existence of the extra Z' in the energy range accessible to future experiments is motivated by the requirement of adequate suppression of proton decay mediation. We further show that while the extra U(1) forbids dimension four baryon number violating operators it allows dimension four lepton number violating operators and R-parity violation.

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NNLO Logarithmic Expansions and High Precision Determinations of the QCD background at the LHC: The case of the Z resonance

New methods of solutions of the DGLAP equation and their implementation through NNLO in QCD are briefly reviewed. We organize the perturbative expansion that describes in $x$-space the evolved parton distributions in terms of scale invariant functions, which are determined recursively, and logarithms of the ratio of the running couplings at the initial and final evolution scales. Resummed solutions are constructed within the same approach and involve logarithms of more complex functions, which are given in the non-singlet case. Differences in the evolution schemes are shown to be numerically sizeable and intrinsic to perturbation theory. We illustrate these points in the case of Drell-Yan lepton pair production near the Z resonance, analysis that can be extended to searches of extra $Z^{\prime}$. We show that the reduction of the NNLO cross section compared to the NLO prediction may be attributed to the NNLO evolution.

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The Search for Extra Neutral Currents at the LHC: QCD and Anomalous Gauge Interactions

Extensions of the Standard Model with extra neutral currents due to additional anomalous abelian gauge factors are considered. We summarize the main features of the effective action associated to these theories. They are characterized by an axion-like particle (the {\em axi-higgs}) which can be (almost) massless, with its mass generated non-perturbatively in the QCD vacuum as for an ordinary Peccei-Quinn axion, but that can also mix with the scalars of the Higgs sector, becoming a heavy axion. We briefly describe the interplay between the electroweak and the QCD sectors in these types of theories, which emerge either from special vacua of string/brane theory; from partial decoupling of a heavier fermion sector or from an anomaly inflow in the context of models with extra dimensions.

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Stuckelberg Axions and the Effective Action of Anomalous Abelian Models 2. A SU(3)_C x SU(2)_W x U(1)_Y x U(1)_B model and its signature at the LHC

We elaborate on an extension of the Standard Model with a gauge structure enlarged by a single anomalous U(1), where the presence of a Wess-Zumino term is motivated by the Green-Schwarz mechanism of string theory. The additional gauge interaction is anomalous and requires an axion for anomaly cancelation. The pseudoscalar implements the Stückelberg mechanism and undergoes mixing with the standard Higgs sector to render the additional U(1) massive. We consider a 2-Higgs doublet model. We show that the anomalous effective vertices involving neutral currents are potentially observable. We clarify their role in the case of simple processes such as $Z^*\to γγ$, which are at variance with respect to the Standard Model. A brief discussion of the implications of these studies for the LHC is included.

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Windows over a New Low Energy Axion

We outline some general features of possible extensions of the Standard Model that include anomalous U(1) gauge symmetries, a certain number of axions and their mixings with the CP-odd Higgs sector. As previously shown, after the mixing one of the axions becomes a physical pseudoscalar (the axi-Higgs) that can take the role of a modified QCD axion. It can be driven to be very light by the same non-perturbative effects that are held responsible for the solution of the strong CP-problem. At the same time the axi-Higgs has a sizeable gauge interaction, which is not allowed to the Peccei-Quinn axion, possibly explaining the PVLAS results. We point out that the Wess-Zumino term, typical of these models, can be both interpreted as an anomaly inflow from higher dimensional theories (second window) but also as a result of partial decoupling of an extra Higgs sector (and of a fermion) that leaves behind an effective anomalous abelian theory (first window) in a broken Stückelberg phase. The possibility that the axi-Higgs can be heavy, of the order of the Higgs mass or larger, however, can't be excluded. The potentialities for the discovery of this particle and of anomaly effects in the neutral current sector at the LHC are briefly discussed in the context of a superstring inspired model (second window), but with results that remain valid also if any of the two possibilities is realized in Nature.

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Stuckelberg Axions and the Effective Action of Anomalous Abelian Models 1. A unitarity analysis of the Higgs-axion mixing

We analyze the quantum consistency of anomalous abelian models and of their effective field theories, rendered anomaly-free by a Wess-Zumino term, in the case of multiple abelian symmetries. These models involve the combined Higgs-Stuckelberg mechanism and predict a pseudoscalar axion-like field that mixes with the goldstones of the ordinary Higgs sector. We focus our study on the issue of unitarity of these models both before and after spontaneous symmetry breaking and detail the set of Ward identities and the organization of the loop expansion in the effective theory. The analysis is performed on simple models where we show, in general, the emergence of new effective vertices determined by certain anomalous interactions.

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NNLO Logarithmic Expansions and Precise Determinations of the Neutral Currents near the Z Resonance at the LHC: The Drell-Yan case

We present a comparative study of the invariant mass and rapidity distributions in Drell-Yan lepton pair production, with particular emphasis on the role played by the QCD evolution. We focus our study around the Z resonance ($50 <Q < 200$ GeV) and perform a general analysis of the factorization/renormalization scale dependence of the cross sections, with the two scales included both in the evolution and in the hard scatterings. We also present the variations of the cross sections due to the errors on the parton distributions (pdf's) and an analysis of the corresponding $K$-factors. Predictions from several sets of pdf's, evolved by MRST and Alekhin are compared with those generated using \textsc{Candia}, a NNLO evolution program that implements the theory of the logarithmic expansions, developed in a previous work. These expansions allow to select truncated solutions of varying accuracy using the method of the $x$-space iterates. The evolved parton distributions are in good agreement with other approaches. The study can be generalized for high precision searches of extra neutral gauge interactions at the LHC.

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Folding Froggatt-Nielsen into the Stueckelberg-Higgs mechanism in anomalous U(1) models

We describe a simple connection between the Froggatt-Nielsen, Stueckelberg and Higgs mechanisms, all three of them combined in a consistent way. This is illustrated in the context of a class of generalizations of the Standard Model with a gauge structure extended by a certain number of anomalous U(1) factors. These are built in the effective action in a way that gauge invariance and unitarity are preserved. Among other features, a physical axion with properties different from those of a Peccei-Quinn axion emerges.

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String Inspired Neutrino Mass Textures in Light of KamLAND and WMAP

Recent data from astrophysical and terrestrial experiments indicates large mixing angles in the neutral lepton sector and restricts the allowed regions of neutrino masses. In particular, the large mixing angles in the lepton sector are disparate from the small mixing in the quark sector. This disparity is unnatural from the point of view of grand unified theories, that are well motivated by the Standard Model multiplet structure and logarithmic running of its parameters. we examine the issue of this disparity from the perspective of string derived SO(10) GUT models, in which the SO(10) symmetry is broken directly at the string theory level. A characteristic feature of such models is the appearance of numerous SO(10) singlet fields. We propose that the mismatch between the quark and lepton mixing parameters arises due to this extended singlet spectrum and its mixing with the right-handed neutrinos. We discuss a string inspired effective parameterization of the extended neutrino mass matrix and demonstrates that the coupling with the SO(10) singlet spectrum can readily account for the neutrino flavor parameters. The mechanism implies that some SO(10) singlet fields should exist at intermediate mass scales. We study the possibilty of deriving the neutrino mass spectrum from string theory in a specific string derived vacuum solution, and comment on the properties that such a solution should possess.

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Large Scale Air Shower Simulations and the Search for New Physics at AUGER

Large scale airshower simulations around the GZK cutoff are performed. An extensive analysis of the behaviour of the various subcomponents of the cascade is presented. We focus our investigation both on the study of total and partial multiplicities along the entire atmosphere and on the geometrical structure of the various cascades, in particular on the lateral distributions. The possibility of detecting new physics in Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) at AUGER is also investigated. We try to disentangle effects due to standard statistical fluctuations in the first proton impact in the shower formation from the underlying interaction and comment on these points. We argue that theoretical models predicting large missing energy may have a chance to be identified, once the calibration errors in the energy measurements are resolved by the experimental collaborations, in measurements of inclusive multiplicities.

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