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D. L. Khokhlov

Publications and source records attributed to D. L. Khokhlov.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

Decay of proton into Planck neutrino in the theory of gravity

It is considered gravitational interaction within the framework of the Newton theory and the quantum field theory. It is introduced the Planck neutrino $ν_{Pl}$. Gravitational interaction of the fields $ψψ$ includes short-range interaction $ψν_{Pl}$ and long-range interaction $ν_{Pl}ν_{Pl}$. Gravitational radiation can be identified with the Planck neutrino. The theory predicts the decay of proton into Planck neutrino. It is assumed that the Planck mass built from three fundamental constants $\hbar$, $c$ and $G$ is fixed in all the inertial frames. This leads to that the lifetime of proton relative to the decay into Planck neutrino decreases with the Lorentz factor as $\sim γ^{-5}$. Such a dependence of the lifetime of proton on the Lorentz factor yields a cut-off in the EHECRs spectrum. It is shown that the first "knee" in the EHECRs spectrum $E\sim 3\times 10^{15}$ eV corresponds to the lifetime of proton equal to the lifetime of the universe, the second "knee" $E\sim 10^{17}-10^{18}$ eV corresponds to the lifetime of proton equal to the thickness of our galactic disc. The EHECRs with the energies $E>3 \times 10^{18}$ eV can be identified with the Planck neutrinos.

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The extra high energy cosmic rays spectrum in view of the decay of proton into Planck neutrinos

It is assumed that proton decays into Planck neutrinos. The energy of the Planck neutrino is equal to the Planck mass in the preferred rest frame. In the frame moving relative to the preferred rest frame the energy of the Planck neutrino reduces by the corresponding Lorentz factor. The lifetime of proton depends on the kinetic energy of proton relative to the preferred rest frame. The time required for proton travel from the source to the earth defines the limiting energy. Protons with the energies more than the limiting energy decay and do not give contribution in the EHECRs spectrum. It is shown that EHECRs with the energies $E>3 \times 10^{18} {\rm eV}$ can be identified with the Planck neutrinos.

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The hierarchy of the preferred scales in the fractal universe

The fractal structure with a power index of 2 is considered within the framework of the universe with the linear law of evolution. The fractal structure arises due to the linear evolution of the scale of mass. Potential fluctuations connect two scales and thus define the preferred scales. The hierarchy of the preferred scales is developed which includes universe, superclusters, clusters of galaxies, galaxies, star clusters and stars.

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The extra high energy cosmic rays spectrum in view of the decay of proton at the Planck scale

The structure of the extra high energy cosmic rays spectrum in view of the decay of proton is considered. The time required for proton travel from the source to the earth defines the limiting energy of proton. Protons with the energies more than the limiting energy decay and do not give contribution in the EHECRs spectrum. It is assumed that proton decays at the Planck scale. Depending on the range of distances to the EHECRs sources, the range of the limiting energies of proton is determined. This allows one to explain the structure of the EHECRs spectrum.

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Mass hierarchy of leptons and hadrons within the framework of electrodynamics

Structure of leptons and hadrons within the framework of electrodynamics is considered. Muon and tau-lepton have the structure of 3 electrons. The mass of muon is defined by the section of two-photon annihilation. The mass of tau-lepton is defined by the section of three-photon annihilation. Hadrons are characterized by the structure of 5 electrons. The masses of hadrons are defined via the masses of muon and tau-lepton.

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Generation of density perturbations due to the birth of baryons

Generation of adiabatic density perturbations from fluctuations caused by the birth of baryons is considered. This is based on the scenario of baryogenesis in which the birth of protons takes place at the temperature equal to the mass of electron.

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Improved scenario of baryogenesis

It is assumed that, in the primordial plasma, at the temperatures above the mass of electron, fermions are in the neutral state being the superposition of particle and antiparticle. There exists neutral proton-electron symmetry. Proton-electron equilibrium is defined by the proton-electron mass difference. At the temperature equal to the mass of electron, pairs of neutral electrons annihilate into photons, and pairs of neutral protons and electrons survive as protons and electrons.

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Scenario of baryogenesis

Scenario of baryogenesis is considered in which primordial plasma starting from the Planck scale consists of primordial particles being the precursors of electrons and clusters of particles being the precursors of protons. Equilibrium between the precursors of protons and the precursors of electrons is defined by the proton-electron mass difference. At the temperature equal to the mass of electron, primordial particles transit into protons, electrons, photons.

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Fractal universe

The model of the universe is considered in which background of the universe is not defined by the matter but is a priori specified as a homogenous and isotropic flat space. The scale factor of the universe follows the linear law. The scale of mass changes proportional to the scale factor. This leads to that the universe has the fractal structure with a power index of 2.

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On quantization of gravity

The theory of gravity without free gravitational fields is considered. It is assumed that gravitational radiation is some hypothetical matter fields. Gravitational emission is a process of the decay of proton into hypothetical matter fields at the Planck scale.

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Universe with the linear law of evolution

The model of the homogenous and isotropic universe is considered in which the coordinate system of reference is not defined by the matter but is a priori specified. The scale factor of the universe changes following the linear law. The scale of mass changes proportional to the scale factor. The temperature of the relativistic matter changes inversly proportional to the root of the scale factor. The model under consideration avoids the flatness and horizon problems. The predictions of the model are fitted to the observational constraints: Hubble parameter, age of the universe, magnitude-redshift relation of the high-redshift supernovae, and primordial nucleosynthesis.

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On the evolution law of the universe

The model of the homogenous and isotropic universe is considered in which the coordinate system of reference is not defined by the matter but is a priori specified. The scale factor of the universe changes following the linear law. The scale of mass changes proportional to the scale factor of the universe. The model under consideration avoids the flatness and horizon problems. The predictions of the model is fitted to the observational constraints: Hubble parameter, age of the universe and CMB data.

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Description of the weak interactions within the framework of electrodynamics

The weak interactions are described within the framework of electrodynamics. The massive vector field is considered as photon with the effective mass defined in the second order of the perturbation theory. Muon and tau-lepton are considered to be composite particles having the structure electron-positron-electron. The mass of muon is defined by the section of two-photon annihilation. The mass of tau-lepton is defined by the section of three-photon annihilation.

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