arXiv subjects

Daisuke Yamauchi

Publications and source records attributed to Daisuke Yamauchi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

arXiv2016

Cosmology with the Square Kilometre Array by SKA-Japan

In the past several decades, the standard cosmological model has been established and its parameters have been measured to a high precision, while there are still many of the fundamental questions in cosmology; such as the physics in the very early Universe, the origin of the cosmic acceleration and the nature of the dark matter. The future world's largest radio telescope, Square Kilometre Array (SKA), will be able to open the new frontier of cosmology and will be one of the most powerful tools for cosmology in the next decade. The cosmological surveys conducted by the SKA would have the potential not only to answer these fundamental questions but also deliver the precision cosmology. In this article we briefly review the role of the SKA from the view point of the modern cosmology. The cosmology science led by the SKA-Japan Consortium (SKA-JP) Cosmology Science Working Group is also discussed.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2016

Probing higher-order primordial non-Gaussianity with galaxy surveys

With a radio continuum galaxy survey by the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), a photometric galaxy survey by Euclid and their combination, we forecast future constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity. We focus on the potential impact of local-type higher-order nonlinear parameters on the parameter estimation and particularly the confirmation of the inflationary consistency inequality. Nonstandard inflationary models, such as multifield models, introduce the scale-dependent stochastic clustering of galaxies on large scales, which is a unique probe of mechanism for generating primordial density fluctuations. Our Fisher matrix analysis indicates that a deep and wide survey provided by SKA is more advantageous to constrain $τ_{\rm NL}$, while Euclid has a strong constraining power for $f_{\rm NL}$ due to the redshift information, suggesting that the joint analysis between them is quite essential to break the degeneracy between the nonlinear parameters. The combination of the full SKA and Euclid will achieve the precision level needed to confirm the consistency inequality even for $f_{\rm NL}\approx 1.5$ and $τ_{\rm NL}\approx 17$, though it is still hard for a single survey to confirm it when $f_{\rm NL}\lesssim 2.7$.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2016

Large scale CMB anomalies from thawing cosmic strings

Cosmic strings formed during inflation are expected to be either diluted over super-Hubble distances, i.e., invisible today, or to have crossed our past light cone very recently. We discuss the latter situation in which a few strings imprint their signature in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) Anisotropies after recombination. Being almost frozen in the Hubble flow, these strings are quasi static and evade almost all of the previously derived constraints on their tension while being able to source large scale anisotropies in the CMB sky. Using a local variance estimator on thousand of numerically simulated Nambu-Goto all sky maps, we compute the expected signal and show that it can mimic a dipole modulation at large angular scales while being negligible at small angles. Interestingly, such a scenario generically produces one cold spot from the thawing of a cosmic string loop. Mixed with anisotropies of inflationary origin, we find that a few strings of tension GU = O(1) x 10^(-6) match the amplitude of the dipole modulation reported in the Planck satellite measurements and could be at the origin of other large scale anomalies.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2016

Delensing Cosmic Microwave Background B-modes with the Square Kilometre Array Radio Continuum Survey

We explore the potential use of the Radio Continuum (RC) survey conducted by the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) to remove (delens) the lensing-induced B-mode polarization and thus enhance future cosmic microwave background (CMB) searches for inflationary gravitational waves. Measurements of large-scale B-modes of the CMB are considered to be the best method for probing gravitational waves from the cosmic inflation. Future CMB experiments will, however, suffer from contamination by non-primordial B-modes, one source of which is the lensing B-modes. Delensing, therefore, will be required for further improvement of the detection sensitivity for gravitational waves. Analyzing the use of the two-dimensional map of galaxy distribution provided by the SKA RC survey as a lensing mass tracer, we find that joint delensing using near future CMB experiments and the SKA phase 1 will improve the constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio by more than a factor of $\sim 2$ compared to those without the delensing analysis. Compared to the use of CMB data alone, the inclusion of the SKA phase 1 data will increase the significance of the constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio by a factor $1.2$-$1.6$. For LiteBIRD combined with a ground-based experiment such as Simons Array and Advanced ACT, the constraint on the tensor-to-scalar ratio when adding SKA phase 2 data is improved by a factor of $2.3$-$2.7$, whereas delensing with CMB data alone improves the constraints by only a factor $1.3$-$1.7$. We conclude that the use of SKA data is a promising method for delensing upcoming CMB experiments such as LiteBIRD.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2015

Weak lensing induced by second-order vector mode

The vector mode of cosmological perturbation theory imprints characteristic signals on the weak lensing signals such as curl- and B-modes which are never imprinted by the scalar mode. However, the vector mode is neglected in the standard first-order cosmological perturbation theory since it only has a decaying mode. This situation changes if the cosmological perturbation theory is expanded up to second order. The second-order vector and tensor modes are inevitably induced by the product of the first-order scalar modes. We study the effect of the second-order vector mode on the weak lensing curl- and B-modes. We find that the curl-mode induced by the second-order vector mode is comparable to that induced by the primordial gravitational waves with the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r = 0.1$ at $\ell \approx 200$. In this case, the curl-mode induced by the second-order vector mode dominates at $\ell > 200$. Furthermore, the B-mode cosmic shear induced by the second-order vector mode dominates on almost all scales. However, we find that the observational signatures of the second-order vector and tensor modes cannot exceed the expected noise of ongoing and upcoming weak lensing measurements. We conclude that the curl- and B-modes induced by the second-order vector and tensor modes are unlikely to be detected in future experiments.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2015

Dynamics of cosmic strings with higher-dimensional windings

We consider F-strings with arbitrary configurations in the Minkowski directions of a higher-dimensional spacetime, which also wrap and spin around $S^1$ subcycles of constant radius in an arbitrary internal manifold, and determine the relation between the higher-dimensional and the effective four-dimensional quantities that govern the string dynamics. We show that, for any such configuration, the motion of the windings in the compact space may render the string effectively tensionless from a four-dimensional perspective, so that it remains static with respect to the large dimensions. Such a critical configuration occurs when (locally) exactly half the square of the string length lies in the large dimensions and half lies in the compact space. The critical solution is then seen to arise as a special case, in which the wavelength of the windings is equal to their circumference. As examples, long straight strings and circular loops are considered in detail, and the solutions to the equations of motion that satisfy the tensionless condition are presented. These solutions are then generalized to planar loops and arbitrary three-dimensional configurations. Under the process of dimensional reduction, in which higher-dimensional motion is equivalent to an effective worldsheet current (giving rise to a conserved charge), this phenomenon may be seen as the analogue of the tensionless condition which arises for superconducting and chiral-current carrying cosmic strings.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2015

Breaking of Vainshtein screening in scalar-tensor theories beyond Horndeski

The Horndeski theory of gravity is known as the most general scalar-tensor theory with second-order field equations. Recently, it was demonstrated by Gleyzes et al. that the Horndeski theory can further be generalized in such a way that although field equations are of third order, the number of propagating degrees of freedom remains the same. We study small-scale gravity in the generalized Horndeski theory, focusing in particular on an impact of the new derivative interaction beyond Horndeski on the Vainshtein screening mechanism. In the absence of the quintic galileon term and its generalization, we show that the new interaction does not change the qualitative behavior of gravity outside and near the source: the two metric potentials coincide, $Φ= Ψ\;(\sim r^{-1})$, while the gravitational coupling is given by the cosmological one and hence is time-dependent in general. We find, however, that the gravitational field inside the source shows a novel behavior due to the interaction beyond Horndeski: the gravitational attraction is not determined solely from the enclosed mass and two potentials do not coincide, indicating breaking of the screening mechanism.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2015

Modified gravity inside astrophysical bodies

Many theories of modified gravity, including the well studied Horndeski models, are characterized by a screening mechanism that ensures that standard gravity is recovered near astrophysical bodies. In a recently introduced class of gravitational theories that goes beyond Horndeski, it has been found that new derivative interactions lead to a partial breaking of the Vainshtein screening mechanism inside any gravitational source, although not outside. We study the impact of this new type of deviation from standard gravity on the density profile of a spherically symmetric matter distribution, in the nonrelativistic limit. For simplicity, we consider a polytropic equation of state and derive the modifications to the standard Lane-Emden equations. We also show the existence of a universal upper bound on the amplitude of this type of modified gravity, independently of the details of the equation of state.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2015

Full-sky lensing reconstruction of gradient and curl modes from CMB maps

We present a method of lensing reconstruction on the full sky, by extending the optimal quadratic estimator proposed by Okamoto & Hu (2003) to the case including the curl mode of deflection angle. The curl mode is induced by the vector and tensor metric perturbations, and the reconstruction of the curl mode would be a powerful tool to not only check systematics in the estimated gradient mode but also probe any vector and tensor sources. We find that the gradient and curl modes can be reconstructed separately, thanks to the distinctive feature in the parity symmetry between the gradient and curl modes. We compare our estimator with the flat-sky estimator proposed by Cooray et al (2005). Based on the new formalism, the expected signal-to-noise ratio of the curl mode produced by the primordial gravitational-waves and a specific model of cosmic strings are estimated, and prospects for future observations are discussed.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2015

Future detectability of gravitational-wave induced lensing from high-sensitivity CMB experiments

We discuss the future detectability of gravitational-wave induced lensing from high-sensitivity cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments. Gravitational waves can induce a rotational component of the weak-lensing deflection angle, usually referred to as the curl mode, which would be imprinted on the CMB maps. Using the technique of reconstructing lensing signals involved in CMB maps, this curl mode can be measured in an unbiased manner, offering an independent confirmation of the gravitational waves complementary to the B-mode polarization experiments. Based on the Fisher matrix analysis, we first show that with the noise levels necessary to confirm the consistency relation for the primordial gravitational waves, the future CMB experiments will be able to detect the gravitational-wave induced lensing signals. For a tensor-to-scalar ratio of $r < 0.1$, even if the consistency relation is difficult to confirm with a high significance, the gravitational-wave induced lensing would be detected at more than $3\,σ$ significance level. Further, we point out that high-sensitivity experiments will be also powerful to constrain the gravitational waves generated after the recombination epoch. Compared to the B-mode polarization, the curl mode is particularly sensitive to gravitational waves generated at low redshifts ($z < 10$) with a low frequency ($k < 10^{-3}$ Mpc$^{-1}$), and it could give a much tighter constraint on their energy density $Ω_{\rm GW}$ by more than three orders of magnitude.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2015

Overview of Complementarity and Synergy with Other Wavelengths in Cosmology in the SKA era

We give an overview of complementarity and synergy in cosmology between the Square Kilometre Array and future survey projects in other wavelengths. In the SKA era, precision cosmology will be limited by systematic errors and cosmic variance, rather than statistical errors. However, combining and/or cross-correlating multi-wavelength data, from the SKA to the cosmic microwave background, optical/infrared and X-ray, substantially reduce these limiting factors. In this chapter, we summarize future survey projects and show highlights of complementarity and synergy, which can be very powerful to probe major cosmological problems such as dark energy, modified gravity and primordial non-Gaussianity.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2015

Euclid & SKA Synergies

Over the past few years two of the largest and highest fidelity experiments conceived have been approved for construction: Euclid is an ESA M-Class mission that will map three-quarters of the extra galactic sky with Hubble Space Telescope resolution optical and NIR imaging, and NIR spectroscopy, its scientific aims (amongst others) are to create a map of the dark Universe and to determine the nature of dark energy. The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) has similar scientific aims (and others) using radio wavelength observations. The two experiments are synergistic in several respects, both through the scientific objectives and through the control of systematic effects. SKA Phase-1 and Euclid will be commissioned on similar timescales offering an exciting opportunity to exploit synergies between these facilities.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2014

Effects of cosmic strings with delayed scaling on CMB anisotropy

The network of cosmic strings generated in a phase transition during inflation enters the scaling regime later than that of usual strings. If it occurs after the recombination, temperature anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at high multipole moments are significantly reduced. In this paper, we study such effects qualitatively and show that the constraint on the cosmic string tension from the CMB temperature anisotropies and B-mode polarizations can be relaxed. It is shown to be difficult to explain the recent BICEP2 and POLARBEAR results in terms of signals induced by cosmic strings alone even if we take into account the delayed scaling. However, the inflationary tensor-to-scalar ratio required to explain the observed B-mode signals can be slightly reduced to be consistent with the Planck constraint.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2014

CMB ISW-lensing bispectrum from cosmic strings

We study the effect of weak lensing by cosmic (super-)strings on the higher-order statistics of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). A cosmic string segment is expected to cause weak lensing as well as an integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect, the so-called Gott-Kaiser-Stebbins (GKS) effect, to the CMB temperature fluctuation, which are thus naturally cross-correlated. We point out that, in the presence of such a correlation, yet another kind of the post-recombination CMB temperature bispectra, the ISW-lensing bispectra, will arise in the form of products of the auto- and cross-power spectra. We first present an analytic method to calculate the autocorrelation of the temperature fluctuations induced by the strings, and the cross-correlation between the temperature fluctuation and the lensing potential both due to the string network. In our formulation, the evolution of the string network is assumed to be characterized by the simple analytic model, the velocity-dependent one scale model, and the intercommutation probability is properly incorporated in orderto characterize the possible superstringy nature. Furthermore, the obtained power spectra are dominated by the Poisson-distributed string segments, whose correlations are assumed to satisfy the simple relations. We then estimate the signal-to-noise ratios of the string-induced ISW-lensing bispectra and discuss the detectability of such CMB signals from the cosmic string network. It is found that in the case of the smaller string tension, $Gμ\ll 10^{-7}$\,, the ISW-lensing bispectrum induced by a cosmic string network can constrain the string-model parameters even more tightly than the purely GKS-induced bispectrum in the ongoing and future CMB observations on small scales.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2014

Constraining primordial non-Gaussianity via a multitracer technique with surveys by Euclid and Square Kilometre Array

We forecast future constraints on local-type primordial non-Gaussianity parameter $f_{\rm NL}$ with a photometric galaxy survey by Euclid, a continuum galaxy survey by Square Kilometre Array (SKA), and their combination. We derive a general expression for the covariance matrix of the power spectrum estimates of multiple tracers to show how the so-called multitracer technique improves constraints on $f_{\rm NL}$. In particular we clarify the role of the overlap fraction of multiple tracers and the division method of the tracers. Our Fisher matrix analysis indicates that stringent constraints of $σ(f_{\rm NL})\lesssim 1$ can be obtained even with a single survey, assuming five mass bins. When Euclid and SKA phase 1 (2) are combined, constraints on $f_{\rm NL}$ are improved to $σ(f_{\rm NL})= 0.61~(0.50)$.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2014

Is there supercurvature mode of massive vector field in open inflation?

We investigate the Euclidean vacuum mode functions of a massive vector field in a spatially open chart of de Sitter spacetime. In the one-bubble open inflationary scenario that naturally predicts a negative spatial curvature after a quantum tunneling, it is known that a light scalar field has the so-called supercurvature mode, i.e. an additional discrete mode which describes fluctuations over scales larger than the spatial curvature scale. If such supercurvature modes exist for a vector field with a sufficiently light mass, then they would decay slower and easily survive the inflationary era. However, the existence of supercurvature mode strongly depends on details of the system. To clarify whether a massive vector field has supercurvature modes, we consider a U(1) gauge field with gauge and conformal invariances spontaneously broken through the Higgs mechanism, and present explicit expressions for the Euclidean vacuum mode functions. We find that, for any values of the vector field mass, there is no supercurvature mode. In the massless limit, the absence of supercurvature modes in the scalar sector stems from the gauge symmetry.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2013

Derivative interactions in de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley massive gravity

We investigate the possibility of a new massive gravity theory with derivative interactions as an extension of de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley massive gravity. We find the most general Lagrangian of derivative interactions using Riemann tensor whose cutoff energy scale is $Λ_3$, which is consistent with de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley massive gravity. Surprisingly, this infinite number of derivative interactions can be resummed with the same method in de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley massive gravity, and remaining interactions contain only two parameters. We show that the equations of motion for scalar and tensor modes in the decoupling limit contain fourth derivatives with respect to spacetime, which implies the appearance of ghosts at $Λ_3$. We claim that consistent derivative interactions in de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley massive gravity have a mass scale $M$, which is much smaller than the Planck mass $M_{\rm Pl}$.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2013

Type-I cosmic string network

We study the network of Type-I cosmic strings using the field-theoretic numerical simulations in the Abelian-Higgs model. For Type-I strings, the gauge field plays an important role, and thus we find that the correlation length of the strings is strongly dependent upon the parameter β, the ratio between the self-coupling constant of the scalar field and the gauge coupling constant, namely, β=λ/2e^2. In particular, if we take the cosmic expansion into account, the network becomes densest in the comoving box for a specific value of βfor β<1.

astro-ph.CO↗