arXiv subjects

Daniel Stolarski

Publications and source records attributed to Daniel Stolarski.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Anomaly mediation in Seiberg-Witten theories

We study the coupling of anomaly mediated supersymmetry breaking (AMSB) to $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetric theories with $SU(2)$ gauge group. Perturbatively, $\mathcal{N}=1$ supersymmetry (SUSY) is preserved in the UV description with the AMSB terms being equivalent to a supersymmetric mass term for the adjoint chiral multiplet, as considered in the original Seiberg-Witten papers. We show, however, that nonperturbative instanton contributions break supersymmetry completely. In the IR description, the theory with AMSB is qualitatively similar to its $\mathcal{N}=1$ analog, exhibiting monopole condensation and confinement. However, the effective Lagrangian breaks supersymmetry completely, and the values of the condensates are different from their $\mathcal{N}=1$ analogs. Under physically reasonable assumptions, it can be shown that the vacua must change to those of the perturbatively identical $\mathcal{N}=1$-preserving deformation as the SUSY-breaking scale crosses the strong coupling scale. This change must be caused by effects that cannot in principle be described within the effective weakly coupled IR theory. It is not a phase transition, and the vacua appear to lie in the same universality class at any finite SUSY-breaking scale. Nonetheless, this work highlights the subtle manner in which AMSB coupling to nonperturbative effects can change the vacuum field configuration and the global symmetries of a theory.

hep-th↗

arXiv2026

Analytic Approximations for Fermionic Preheating

Non-thermal fermions can be produced non-perturbatively in the early universe during coherent oscillations of a scalar field. We explore fermion production in $λϕ^{4}$ inflation through this mechanism and analyze the momentum spectrum of the fermions produced, which depends on a coupling parameter $q$. For $q \gtrsim 0.01$, the main contribution to the total number density comes from an approximately half-filled Fermi sphere as a result of non-adiabaticity. For $q\lesssim 0.01$, we find that the major contributions instead come from resonance peaks at higher momentum values. We find a simple relation to predict the momentum values corresponding to resonance peaks for any $q$. We also obtain analytic power-law approximations for the total number density of fermions and find that it is proportional to $q^{1/2}$ for $q\lesssim 0.01$ and proportional to $q^{3/4}$ for $q\gtrsim 10$. If fermions produced by this mechanism make up the entirety of dark matter, we estimate lower bounds on their mass.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2025

Novel Phases of a Baryon-Dense QCD-like Theory

We investigate the phases of a strongly coupled QCD-like theory at finite baryon chemical potential using s-confining supersymmetric QCD deformed by anomaly-mediated supersymmetry breaking. Focusing on the case of three colors and four flavors, we identify novel phases including spontaneous breaking of baryon number and/or parity. Both first-order and second-order phase transitions are observed as the baryon chemical potential is varied. These findings may offer insights into possible phases of real QCD at intermediate baryon densities.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2025

MATHUSLA: An External Long-Lived Particle Detector to Maximize the Discovery Potential of the HL-LHC

We present the current status of the MATHUSLA (MAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra-Stable neutraL pArticles) long-lived particle (LLP) detector at the HL-LHC, covering the design, fabrication and installation at CERN Point 5. MATHUSLA40 is a 40 m-scale detector with an air-filled decay volume that is instrumented with scintillator tracking detectors, to be located near CMS. Its large size, close proximity to the CMS interaction point and about 100 m of rock shielding from LHC backgrounds allows it to detect LLP production rates and lifetimes that are one to two orders of magnitude beyond the ultimate reach of the LHC main detectors. This provides unique sensitivity to many LLP signals that are highly theoretically motivated, due to their connection to the hierarchy problem, the nature of dark matter, and baryogenesis. Data taking is projected to commence with the start of HL-LHC operations. We summarize the new 40m design for the detector that was recently presented in the MATHUSLA Conceptual Design Report, alongside new realistic background and signal simulations that demonstrate high efficiency for the main target LLP signals in a background-free HL-LHC search. We argue that MATHUSLA's uniquely robust expansion of the HL-LHC physics reach is a crucial ingredient in CERN's mission to search for new physics and characterize the Higgs boson with precision.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2025

Conceptual Design Report for the MATHUSLA Long-Lived Particle Detector near CMS

We present the Conceptual Design Report (CDR) for the MATHUSLA (MAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra-Stable neutraL pArticles) long-lived particle detector at the HL-LHC, covering the design, fabrication and installation at CERN Point 5. MATHUSLA is a 40 m-scale detector with an air-filled decay volume that is instrumented with scintillator tracking detectors, to be located near CMS. Its large size, close proximity to the CMS interaction point and about 100 m of rock shielding from HL-LHC backgrounds allows it to detect LLP production rates and lifetimes that are one to two orders of magnitude beyond the ultimate sensitivity of the HL-LHC main detectors for many highly motivated LLP signals. Data taking is projected to commence with the start of HL-LHC operations. We present a new 40m design for the detector: its individual scintillator bars and wavelength-shifting fibers, their organization into tracking layers, tracking modules, tower modules and the veto detector; define a high-level design for the supporting electronics, DAQ and trigger system, including supplying a hardware trigger signal to CMS to record the LLP production event; outline computing systems, civil engineering and safety considerations; and present preliminary cost estimates and timelines for the project. We also conduct detailed simulation studies of the important cosmic ray and HL-LHC muon backgrounds, implementing full track/vertex reconstruction and background rejection, to ultimately demonstrate high signal efficiency and $\ll 1$ background event in realistic LLP searches for the main physics targets at MATHUSLA. This sensitivity is robust with respect to detector design or background simulation details. Appendices provide various supplemental information.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2024

Golden Probe of the Top Yukawa

We perform a preliminary study of the ability of the Higgs decay to four leptons to shed light on the top quark Yukawa couplings. In particular we examine whether the $h\to 4\ell$ `golden channel' is sensitive to the $CP$ properties of the top quark couplings to the Higgs boson. We show that kinematic distributions are sensitive to interference of the next-to-leading order electroweak corrections with the tree level $ZZ$ contribution. This translates into a sensitivity to the top quark Yukawa couplings such that meaningful constraints on their $CP$ properties can begin to be obtained once $\sim 300$ fb$^{-1}$ of data has been collected at $\sim 14$ TeV, with significant improvements at higher luminosity or with a higher energy hadron collider. This makes the $h\to4\ell$ channel a useful probe of the top quark Yukawa couplings that is qualitatively different from already established searches in $h\to Vγ$ two body decays, $tth$, and $gg\to h$. We also briefly discuss other potential possibilities for probing the top Yukawa $CP$ properties in $h\to2\ellγ$ and $\ell^+\ell^-\to h Z, hγ$.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2024

Influence of new states in searches for negative gauge-Higgs couplings

In this work, we explore how constraints based on interference effects for the negative gauge-Higgs coupling scenario are affected by new physics. Models that achieve this wrong-sign gauge-Higgs coupling inevitably have new charged Higgs states. These states affect the interpretation of interference effects. We recast the ATLAS analysis for VBF $Wh$, showing that the previously excluded negative gauge-Higgs coupling scenario is still experimentally viable for charged Higgs masses below $370$~GeV. We show that it is possible to weaken this bound further with mild tuning in the parameter space. We discuss how to further constrain the wrong-sign gauge-Higgs coupling hypothesis and point out the potential of VBF $Zh$ to exclude this scenario in a model-independent way.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2024

On s-confining SUSY-QCD with Anomaly Mediation

In this work, we present a comprehensive study of the phase diagram of supersymmetric QCD with $N_{f}=N_{c}+1$ flavors perturbed by Anomaly Mediated Supersymmetry Breaking (AMSB). We extend the previous analyses on s-confining ASQCD theories in three different directions. We show that the existence of the QCD-like vacuum is independent of the size of the SUSY breaking parameter. We further expand the analysis of these models by including two and three-loop contributions to investigate the robustness and limitations of the results. Finally, we include the leading effect of higher-order Kähler terms to investigate the stability of the phase diagram as we approach the confining energy scale. The analysis with higher order Kähler terms is also extended for $N_{c}=2$ for which AMSB alone gives inconclusive results.

hep-th↗

arXiv2024

Status of negative coupling modifiers for extended Higgs sectors

In this work, we study the status of negative coupling modifiers in extended Higgs sectors, focusing on the ratio of coupling modifiers that probes custodial symmetry violation $λ_{WZ} = κ_{W}/κ_{Z}$. Higgs sectors with multiplets larger than doublets are the only weakly coupled models that give tree-level modifications to $λ_{WZ}$, and we explore all such models allowed by the constraint from the $ρ$ parameter and perturbative unitarity. This class of models has a custodial symmetry violating potential, while the vacuum configuration preserves the symmetry. We apply precision measurements from ATLAS and CMS and show that each data set can exclude a vast set of models with $λ_{WZ} < 0$ at greater than 95\% confidence level. We give evidence that $λ_{WZ}<0$ is excluded in all weakly coupled models. [Erratum for this work on page 19 changing our claims of complete exclusion of negative $λ_{WZ}$ to a softer version where only the minimal models are excluded.]

hep-ph↗

arXiv2024

Baryogenesis and Dark Matter in Multiple Hidden Sectors

We explore a mechanism for producing the baryon asymmetry and dark matter in models with multiple hidden sectors that are Standard-Model-like but with varying Higgs mass parameters. If the field responsible for reheating the Standard Model and the exotic sectors carries an asymmetry, it can be converted into a baryon asymmetry using the standard sphaleron process. A hidden sector with positive Higgs mass squared can accommodate dark matter with its baryon asymmetry, and the larger abundance of dark matter relative to baryons is due to dark sphalerons being active all the way down the hidden sector QCD scale. This scenario predicts that dark matter is clustered in large dark nuclei and gives a lower bound on the effective relativistic degrees of freedom, $ΔN_{\rm eff} \gtrsim 0.05$, which may be observable in the next-generation cosmic microwave background experiment CMB-S4.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2024

Dynamical Inflation Stimulated Cogenesis

We propose a minimal setup that realises dynamical inflection point inflation, and, using the same field content, generates neutrino masses, a baryon asymmetry of the universe, and dark matter. A dark $SU(2)_D$ gauge sector with a dark scalar doublet playing the role of inflaton is considered along with several doublet and singlet fermions sufficient to realise multiple inflection points in the inflaton potential. The singlet fermions couple to SM leptons and generate neutrino masses via the inverse seesaw mechanism. Those fermions also decay asymmetrically and out of equilibrium, generating a baryon asymmetry via leptogenesis. Some of the fermion doublets are dark matter, and they are produced via inflaton decay and freeze-in annihilation of the same fermions that generate the lepton asymmetry. Reheating, leptogenesis, and dark matter are all at the TeV scale.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2023

Exploring the vacuum structure of gravitationally induced neutrino masses

In this work, we explore the proposed mechanism in which the gravitational $θ$ anomaly generates neutrino masses. We highlight that the leading renormalizable interactions of the neutrino condensate forbid the possibility of generating hierarchical masses consistent with observation. This conclusion still holds when Standard Model loop corrections are accounted for. We show that higher-dimensional operators can alleviate this problem. The higher-dimensional operators could be generated from the gravitational anomaly itself, but there is no clear way to know without a deeper understanding of the low-energy description of this mechanism. Because of that, we explore the possibility of new particles generating neutrino mass splittings. We show that both new particles that alter the scalar potential of the condensate or new particles in loops for the neutrino self-energy can solve this problem.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2023

Recent Progress and Next Steps for the MATHUSLA LLP Detector

We report on recent progress and next steps in the design of the proposed MATHUSLA Long Lived Particle (LLP) detector for the HL-LHC as part of the Snowmass 2021 process. Our understanding of backgrounds has greatly improved, aided by detailed simulation studies, and significant R&D has been performed on designing the scintillator detectors and understanding their performance. The collaboration is on track to complete a Technical Design Report, and there are many opportunities for interested new members to contribute towards the goal of designing and constructing MATHUSLA in time for HL-LHC collisions, which would increase the sensitivity to a large variety of highly motivated LLP signals by orders of magnitude.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2022

Report of the Topical Group on Electroweak Precision Physics and Constraining New Physics for Snowmass 2021

The precise measurement of physics observables and the test of their consistency within the standard model (SM) are an invaluable approach, complemented by direct searches for new particles, to determine the existence of physics beyond the standard model (BSM). Studies of massive electroweak gauge bosons (W and Z bosons) are a promising target for indirect BSM searches, since the interactions of photons and gluons are strongly constrained by the unbroken gauge symmetries. They can be divided into two categories: (a) Fermion scattering processes mediated by s- or t-channel W/Z bosons, also known as electroweak precision measurements; and (b) multi-boson processes, which include production of two or more vector bosons in fermion-antifermion annihilation, as well as vector boson scattering (VBS) processes. The latter categories can test modifications of gauge-boson self-interactions, and the sensitivity is typically improved with increased collision energy. This report evaluates the achievable precision of a range of future experiments, which depend on the statistics of the collected data sample, the experimental and theoretical systematic uncertainties, and their correlations. In addition it presents a combined interpretation of these results, together with similar studies in the Higgs and top sector, in the Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT) framework. This framework provides a model-independent prescription to put generic constraints on new physics and to study and combine large sets of experimental observables, assuming that the new physics scales are significantly higher than the EW scale.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2022

Theory, phenomenology, and experimental avenues for dark showers: a Snowmass 2021 report

In this work, we consider the case of a strongly coupled dark/hidden sector, which extends the Standard Model (SM) by adding an additional non-Abelian gauge group. These extensions generally contain matter fields, much like the SM quarks, and gauge fields similar to the SM gluons. We focus on the exploration of such sectors where the dark particles are produced at the LHC through a portal and undergo rapid hadronization within the dark sector before decaying back, at least in part and potentially with sizeable lifetimes, to SM particles, giving a range of possibly spectacular signatures such as emerging or semi-visible jets. Other, non-QCD-like scenarios leading to soft unclustered energy patterns or glueballs are also discussed. After a review of the theory, existing benchmarks and constraints, this work addresses how to build consistent benchmarks from the underlying physical parameters and present new developments for the PYTHIA Hidden Valley module, along with jet substructure studies. Finally, a series of improved search strategies is presented in order to pave the way for a better exploration of the dark showers at the LHC.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2022

Tree-level Interference in VBF production of $Vh$

We study the production of the Higgs in a association with a vector ($V=W,Z$) via the VBF process, VBF-VH. In the Standard Model (SM), this process exhibits tree-level destructive interference between between $W$ and $Z$ mediated processes and is thus very sensitive to deviations in Higgs couplings to vector bosons. We study this process at both the HL-LHC as well as future high energy lepton colliders. We show in particular that the scenario where Higgs couplings have the same magnitude but opposite relative sign as in the SM, a scenario that is very difficult to distinguish without interference, can be probed with this process at either collider.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2021

Searching for light new physics at the LHC via lepton-number violation

We study the collider phenomenology of a simplified model containing a right-handed $W$ in which the $W_R$ couples predominantly to the third generation in the quark sector. The model also includes a light Majorana neutrino, with $M_1\sim {\cal O}(100)$ GeV, giving rise to lepton-number-violating signatures that are visible at the LHC. Taking into account all the searches from the LHC and Tevatron, we find that this $W_R$ can still be as light as $M_R \sim 300$ GeV. We show that this type of new physics, and others like it, can be detected at the LHC using final states with three same-sign same-flavour leptons.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2021

Emerging Jets Displaced into the Future

We examine the potential of future long-lived particle experiments to probe dark QCD models that feature Emerging Jets. The core of this analysis focuses on the transverse detectors AL3X, ANUBIS, CODEX-b, and MATHUSLA as they cover the most relevant parameter space, though the highly forward experiments MAPP, FORMOSA, and FASER are also explored. Geometric coverage of the detectors is calculated and used to determine the number of signal events and kinematic distribution measured for a collection of different benchmark models. This is used to map out the discovery potential of the Emerging Jets parameter space. Although all experiments demonstrate some reach, AL3X, ANUBIS, and MATHUSLA stand out as the most promising for exploring the dark QCD Emerging Jets parameter space.

hep-ph↗