arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Daniela Cadamuro.
The classical energy conditions, originally motivated by the Penrose-Hawking singularity theorems of general relativity, are violated by quantum fields. A reminiscent notion of such conditions are the so called quantum energy inequalities (QEIs), which are however not known to hold generally in quantum field theory. Here we present first steps towards investigating QEIs in quantum field theories with self-interaction.
We consider the construction of integrable quantum field theories in the operator-algebraic approach, which is based on quantum fields localized in infinitely extended wedge regions. This approach has been successful for the construction of a class of models with scalar $S$-matrices and without bound states. In extension of these results, we apply similar methods to $S$-matrices with poles in the physical strip (``bound states''). Specifically, we consider a deformed version of the Sine-Gordon model, containing only breathers. We exhibit wedge-local fields in this model, which differ from those in non-bound state models by an additive term, the so called ``bound state operator''.
Rate-distortion theory provides bounds for compressing data produced by an information source to a specified encoding rate that is strictly less than the source's entropy. This necessarily entails some loss, or distortion, between the original source data and the best approximation after decompression. The so-called Information Bottleneck Method is designed to compress only `relevant' information. Which information is relevant is determined by the correlation between the data being compressed and a variable of interest, so-called side information. In this paper, an Information Bottleneck Method is introduced for the compression of quantum data. The channel communication picture is used for compression and decompression. The rate of compression is derived using an entanglement assisted protocol with classical communication, and under an unproved conjecture that the rate function is convex in the distortion parameter. The optimum channel achieving this rate for a given input state is characterised. The conceptual difficulties arising due to differences in the mathematical formalism between quantum and classical probability theory are discussed and solutions are presented.
The construction of pointlike fields in quantum integrable models is usually approached by constructing their n-point functions. However, convergence questions of the resulting infinite series remain unresolved even in the simplest case of the massive Ising model. On the other hand, the C*-algebraic approach to the construction considers semi-local bounded operators, but yields local operators only in a very abstract way. We use a novel approach to investigate the structure of these local observables, in the form of smeared pointlike quantum fields. Instead of considering their n-point functions and verifying the Wightman axioms, we establish them as closed operators affiliated with the local C*-algebras. We explicitly construct all pointlike fields of the Ising model, verify the Reeh-Schlieder property and show that they generate the local algebras by dualization.
Measurable quantities that have positive values in classical dynamical systems need not to be positive in quantum theory. For example, consider a free quantum mechanical particle in one dimension. There are quantum states in which the particle's velocity is positive with probability 1, but where the probability flux for its position is locally negative; that is, while its velocity points to the right, the particle travels to the left. These effects are however small and limited in space and time by certain lower bounds, which are called "quantum inequalities". Similar effects also appear for a particle whose motion is governed by a Schroedinger equation with a certain class of potentials.
Recently, large families of two-dimensional quantum field theories with factorizing S-matrices have been constructed by the operator-algebraic methods, by first showing the existence of observables localized in wedge-shaped regions. However, these constructions have been limited to the class of S-matrices whose components are analytic in rapidity in the physical strip. In this work, we construct candidates for observables in wedges for scalar factorizing S-matrices with poles in the physical strip and show that they weakly commute on a certain domain. We discuss some technical issues concerning further developments, especially the self-adjointness of the candidate operators here and strong commutativity between them.
Backflow is the phenomenon that the probability current of a quantum particle on the line can flow in the direction opposite to its momentum. In this article, previous investigations of backflow, pertaining to interaction-free dynamics or purely kinematical aspects, are extended to scattering situations in short-range potentials. It is shown that backflow is a universal quantum effect which exists in any such potential, and is always of bounded spatial extent in a specific sense. The effects of reflection and transmission processes on backflow are investigated, both analytically for general potentials, and numerically in various concrete examples.
In the bootstrap approach to integrable quantum field theories in the (1+1)-dimensional Minkowski space, one conjectures the two-particle S-matrix and tries to study local observables. The massless sine-Gordon model is conjectured to be equivalent to the Thirring model, and its breather-breather S-matrix components (where the first breather corresponds to the scalar field of the sine-Gordon model) are closed under fusion. Yet, the residues of the poles in this breather-breather S-matrix have wrong signs and cannot be considered as a separate model. We find CDD factors which adjust the signs, so that the breather-breather S-matrix alone satisfies reasonable assumptions. Then we propose candidates for observables in wedge-shaped regions and prove their commutativity in the weak sense.
In the context of constructing interacting quantum field theories in the operator-algebraic approach, wedge-local fields play an important role. After the work of Lechner to construct factorizing scattering matrix models with scalar S-matrices without bound states, we recently extended this construction to a class of models with a richer particle spectrum and which are believed to have bound states. These include the Z(N)-Ising model and the affine-Toda field theories. This construction is done by exhibiting wedge-local fields which arise as a deformation of Lechner's fields with the so called "bound state operator". I will review the main passages of this construction and explain the open problems.
We study the phenomenon of negative energy densities in quantum field theories with self-interaction. Specifically, we consider a class of integrable models (including the sinh-Gordon model) in which we investigate the expectation value of the energy density in one-particle states. In this situation, we classify the possible form of the stress-energy tensor from first principles. We show that one-particle states with negative energy density generically exist in non-free situations, and we establish lower bounds for the energy density (quantum energy inequalities). Demanding that these inequalities hold reduces the ambiguity in the stress-energy tensor, in some situations fixing it uniquely. Numerical results for the lowest spectral value of the energy density allow us to demonstrate how negative energy densities depend on the coupling constant and on other model parameters.
In a large class of factorizing scattering models, we construct candidates for the local energy density on the one-particle level starting from first principles, namely from the abstract properties of the energy density. We find that the form of the energy density at one-particle level can be fixed up to a polynomial function of energy. On the level of one-particle states, we also prove the existence of lower bounds for local averages of the energy density, and show that such inequalities can fix the form of the energy density uniquely in certain models.
A Quantum Energy Inequality (QEI) is derived for the massive Ising model, giving a state-independent lower bound on suitable averages of the energy density; the first QEI to be established for an interacting quantum field theory with nontrivial S-matrix. It is shown that the Ising model has one-particle states with locally negative energy densities, and that the energy density operator is not additive with respect to combination of one-particle states into multi-particle configurations.
Integrable quantum field theories in 1+1 dimensions have recently become amenable to a rigorous construction, but many questions about the structure of their local observables remain open. Our goal is to characterize these local observables in terms of their expansion coefficients in a series expansion by interacting annihilators and creators, similar to form factors. We establish a rigorous one-to-one characterization, where locality of an observable is reflected in analyticity properties of its expansion coefficients; this includes detailed information about the high-energy behaviour of the observable and the growth properties of the analytic functions. Our results hold for generic observables, not only smeared pointlike fields, and the characterizing conditions depend only on the localization region - we consider wedges and double cones - and on the permissible high energy behaviour.
A large class of quantum field theories on 1+1 dimensional Minkowski space, namely, certain integrable models, has recently been constructed rigorously by Lechner. However, the construction is very abstract and the concrete form of local observables in these models remains largely unknown. Aiming for more insight into their structure, we establish a series expansion for observables, similar but not identical to the well-known form factor expansion. This expansion will be the basis for a characterization and explicit construction of local observables, to be discussed elsewhere. Here, we establish the expansion independent of the localization aspect, and analyze its behavior under space-time symmetries. We also clarify relations with deformation methods in quantum field theory, specifically, with the warped convolution in the sense of Buchholz and Summers.
In quantum field theory, the rigorous construction of local observables in the presence of nontrivial interaction is a crucial problem. In a class of integrable quantum field theories, a very abstract existence proof has recently been given by Lechner. We give an explicit characterization of these local observables in terms of the properties of the coefficient functions in an expansion by interacting creators and annihilators. Some results on the operator domains of these local observables are given. Using these, we constructed explicit examples of local observables in the quantum Ising model.