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Dawei Shen

Publications and source records attributed to Dawei Shen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Symmetry of self-injective dimensions under the Auslander condition

Let $A$ be a module-finite algebra over a commutative Noetherian ring. We give a local criterion for the $n$-Gorenstein condition. For such algebras satisfying the Auslander condition, we prove that finite self-injective dimension is symmetric. Under a one-sided local finiteness hypothesis, we further characterize the Auslander condition by a fiberwise form of Iyama's grade bijection and obtain a criterion for the Auslander--Gorenstein property.

math.RA

A Serre-type criterion for $n$-Gorenstein rings and its application to Nakayama algebras

Let $R$ be a left and right Noetherian ring. We introduce a Serre-type condition $(G_n)$, formulated in terms of the first occurrence and the flat dimension of indecomposable injective modules, and prove that $R$ is $n$-Gorenstein if and only if it satisfies $(G_n)$. We then apply the criterion to Nakayama algebras via syzygy filtration. It is shown that syzygy filtration preserves the Auslander-Gorenstein property and reflects it within the class of $2$-Gorenstein Nakayama algebras. Combined with a result of Kl\'asz, Kleinau and Marczinzik, this shows that simple modules of odd grade over Auslander-Gorenstein Nakayama algebras are regular in their grade, thereby settling their conjecture.

math.RT

Algebraic Geometry of Electroid Varieties

Recent work of Lam, Bychkov-Gorbounov-Kazakov-Talalaev, and Chepuri-George-Speyer gave a stratification of the totally nonnegative Lagrangian Grassmannian into electroid cells parameterized by cactus networks, paralleling Postnikov's stratification of the totally nonnegative Grassmannian by positroid cells. Electroid varieties arise as an algebro-geometric extension of electroid cells. The combinatorics of these varieties was studied by Lam in 2018. We build on this work and study the geometric properties of electroid varieties. In analogy to results of Knutson, Lam, and Speyer on positroid varieties, we show that electroid varieties are reduced, irreducible, regular in codimension one, compatibly Frobenius split, and form a stratification. We also show a decomposition of certain electroid varieties as a product of two electroid varieties. As a consequence, the grove measurement map that embeds electroid cells can be extended algebraically to embed an algebraic torus.

math.AG

Ising superconductivity and anomalous metallic states in a bulk crystal with artificial unidirectional stacking layers

The two-dimensional (2D) limit in macroscopic bulk crystals provides a powerful platform for exploring exotic quantum phases. Here, we report the synthesis of a Sr0.75ClNbS2 superconductor that achieves unidirectional, parallel AA stacking-a configuration never before realized in a bulk crystal. Unlike conventional intercalation, which merely expands the interlayer spacing, our approach employs a planar Sr-Cl network to enforce a complete stacking reorganization, driving all NbS2 layers from the native antiparallel AB stacking into a unidirectional, parallel AA arrangement. This stacking switch globally breaks inversion symmetry, transforming centrosymmetric 2H-NbS2 into a noncentrosymmetric bulk crystal with D3h point group symmetry. Crucially, this structural design reproduces, in three dimensions, the electronic environment of an isolated monolayer, thereby preventing cancellation of the local Ising fields. As a result, strong Ising spin-orbit coupling and spin-split bands persist throughout the bulk. Transport measurements reveal extreme superconducting anisotropy ({\gamma} ~ 77), an in-plane upper critical field (~ 10.65 T) that far exceeds the Pauli paramagnetic limit, and clean-limit superconductivity indicative of high crystalline quality. Moreover, magnetotransport uncovers a novel magnetic-field-induced anomalous metallic state characterized by finite dissipation yet a vanishing Hall response. Direct band-structure measurements corroborate the layer-decoupled, quasi-2D electronic nature of the system. This work establishes stacking-geometry engineering as a powerful strategy to artificially enforce a globally noncentrosymmetric, quasi-2D superconducting state in bulk crystals, paving the way for designing quantum materials with tunable crystalline symmetry and electronic band topology.

cond-mat.supr-con

Orbital-selective band evolution and out-of-plane correlation in the FeGe-family kagome antiferromagnet ScFe$_6$Ge$_6$

In strongly correlated materials such as high-temperature superconductors, the relation between charge density wave (CDW) order and magnetism remains an important unresolved problem. FeGe is the first kagome metal known to exhibit CDW order deep within an antiferromagnetic state, accompanied by an unconventional evolution of lattice symmetry. To elucidate the general conditions governing such spin-correlated CDW order, we investigate ScFe$_6$Ge$_6$, which lacks CDW order and therefore exhibits reduced involvement of charge degrees of freedom while retaining other properties of FeGe. Instead of a CDW order, ScFe$_6$Ge$_6$ undergoes a magnetic transition at $T^*$ = 195 K. Across this transition, angle-resolved photoemission and Raman spectroscopy reveal orbital-selective behavior confined to a single kagome Dirac band, together with electron-phonon and magnetoelastic coupling to an out-of-plane phonon mode. These results suggest that orbital-selective physics and out-of-plane correlations play enhanced roles in realizing spin-correlated CDW order in magnetic kagome metals.

cond-mat.str-el

Quenching of Nonrelativistic $p$-Wave Spin Splitting by Reduced $c\text{-}f$ Coupling in $\text{CeNiAsO}$

The application of spin-space group symmetries to noncollinear antiferromagnets has led to the prediction of odd-parity, nonrelativistic spin splittings, making the physical realization of a practical $p$-wave magnet a central pursuit in spintronics. The layered heavy-fermion oxypnictide $\text{CeNiAsO}$ has been widely regarded as a prototypical platform to verify this paradigm. Here, we investigate the electronic structure of single-crystal $\text{CeNiAsO}$ using high-resolution, ultra-low-temperature and resonant angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), and $ab-initio$ calculations. Across the consecutive magnetic transitions into the ordered phases, our spectroscopic data reveal neither the expected band folding associated with a spin density wave nor any observable $p$-wave spin splitting, demonstrating that the conduction bands retain full degeneracy. By tracking the temperature dependence of the Ce 4$f$ spectral weight via resonant ARPES, we find negligible $c\text{-}f$ hybridization near the Fermi level within magnetically ordered states, confirming that the Ce 4$f$ electrons reside close to the localized limit. Our findings establish a clear many-body constraint on the projection of real-space magnetic symmetries onto momentum-space electronic bands, demonstrating that symmetry classifications constitute a necessary framework but are not a sufficient condition for nonrelativistic spin splittings in the presence of strong electronic correlations.

cond-mat.str-el

The Stability of Minkowski Spacetime

The nonlinear stability of Minkowski spacetime has been one of the central achievements in the mathematical theory of general relativity and, more broadly, in the analysis of nonlinear geometric wave equations. Since the seminal work of Christodoulou-Klainerman, the problem has shaped fundamental advances in our understanding of decay, dispersion, and the intricate interplay between geometry and analysis in the Einstein vacuum equations. This survey presents an overview of the main ideas and techniques underlying the stability theory of Minkowski spacetime. We emphasize the role of decay assumptions, geometric foliations, energy identities, and gauge choices in the global analysis. Particular attention is devoted to exterior stability results, minimal decay regimes, and the borderline case, where the failure of spacetime integrability for nonlinear interactions reveals subtle threshold phenomena. Our goal is to provide a coherent perspective on the evolution of the field, to clarify the structural mechanisms behind the known results, and to outline some of the central open problems that remain in the borderline regime.

gr-qc

Termination-Dependent Surface States and Magnetic Fingerprints of Chiral Helimagnet Cr1/3TaS2

Chiral helimagnets based on intercalated transition-metal dichalcogenides, characterized by nano-scale spin ordering, provide a powerful route to engineer chiral spin textures (e.g. the topologically protected magnetic solitons) and emergent electronic functionality at reduced dimensions, where surface and interface states often dominate device operation. However, despite growing interest, direct experimental studies of termination-dependent surface electronic structures and their temperature-driven magnetic evolution remain largely unexplored, hindering a microscopic understanding of the electronic states that is crucial for the development of low-dimensional spintronic devices. Here, for the first time, taking Cr1/3TaS2 as a representative example, we systematically investigate the termination-dependent surface electronic states of the chiral helimagnets and uncover their distinct temperature evolution across the magnetic transition (TC~142K) by combining high-resolution ARPES with a micro-focused beam and surface-state-resolved first-principles calculations. The TaS2-terminated surface hosts folded monolayer-like TaS2 bands under the $\sqrt3\times\sqrt3$ superlattice potential and a shallow triangular electron pocket at the superlattice $\bar K$ point arising from Cr-Ta orbital hybridization. In contrast, the Cr-terminated surface exhibits reconstructed hole pockets with pronounced magnetic band splitting. This splitting disappears above TC and closely follows the chiral helimagnetic order parameter, providing a direct spectroscopic fingerprint of chiral helimagnetic order. In addition, multiple ultranarrow Cr-d-derived surface flat bands are resolved. These findings establish Cr1/3TaS2 as a model system in which surface electronic states are strongly coupled to chiral magnetism, opening new opportunities for chiral spintronic and valleytronic micro/nanodevices.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Suppression of the tendency toward antiferromagnetic order in the Dirac semimetal SrIrO$_3$

The entangled charge and spin dynamics in strongly electron correlated system has been a fruitful playground for exploring new physical phenomena. Here with resonant inelastic X-ray scattering we studied the spin dynamics of SrIrO$_3$, a half-filled paramagnetic semimetal hosting highly itinerant Dirac Fermions due to its topological band structure. Our results show that its magnetic excitations share much similarity to the ordered compounds upon Sn substitution in exchange strength and AFM instability, while the system maintains spin non-ordered. Further, the non-ordered pristine SrIrO$_3$ hosts even longer lifetime magnetic excitations near the AFM zone center comparing to the Sn substituted ordered compounds, contrary to general expectation. These observations indicate an interesting connection between band topology and electron correlation in SrIrO$_3$.

cond-mat.str-el

The ABCT Variety $V(3,n)$ is a Positive Geometry

The ABCT variety $V(3,n)$ is the image closure of the rational Veronese map from the Grassmannian $\operatorname{Gr}(2,n)$ to the Grassmannian $\operatorname{Gr}(3,n)$. It was studied by Arkani-Hamed--Bourjaily--Cachazo--Trnka in the context of tree-level scattering amplitudes arising in planar $\mathcal N=4$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory and Witten's twistor string theory. From this perspective, $V(3,n)$ is conjectured to be a positive geometry by Lam. In this paper, we study the combinatorial and algebraic geometry aspects of $V(3,n)$ and its subvarieties induced by iteratively taking analytic boundaries of the totally nonnegative part. We interpret these subvarieties as point configurations on $\mathbb{P}^2$ by the Gelfand-MacPherson correspondence. We construct a top-degree meromorphic form on $V(3,n)$ and show that it is a positive geometry, proving Lam's conjecture.

math.CO

Altermagnetism, ARPES, symmetry, non-relativistic band splitting

Altermagnetism arises from composite real-space and spin-space symmetries, combining zero net magnetization with pronounced momentum-dependent spin splitting. This review highlights the pivotal role of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), along with its spin-resolved (SARPES) and circular-dichroism (CD-ARPES) variants, in directly visualizing nonrelativistic band splitting and spin textures in altermagnets. Within the spin-group framework, we distinguish ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and altermagnetic orders and elucidate the symmetry origin of spin polarization. We then systematically review representative systems: the debated d-wave prototype RuO2, layered d-wave altermagnets KV2Se2O and Rb1-delta V2Te2O, and a series of g-wave compounds including MnTe (domain-tunable) and CrSb (topological), together with the noncoplanar antiferromagnet MnTe2 and other emerging candidate platforms. Overall, ARPES has become a key probe for resolving symmetry-driven spin splitting. Future advances in micro/nano-beam and in-situ spectroscopies, combined with strain and domain engineering, heterostructure design, and exploration of broader unconventional magnetic states, are expected to drive the joint evolution of altermagnetism and photoemission spectroscopy, paving the way for spintronic and correlated quantum research.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Orbital-selective Mottness Driven by Geometric Frustration of Interorbital Hybridization in Pr4Ni3O10

The interplay among orbital-selective Mott physics, Hund's coupling, tunable structural motifs, and Kondo-like scattering establishes a compelling paradigm for understanding and engineering correlated multi-orbital systems, as vividly exemplified by nickelate superconductors. Here, using high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy combined with theoretical calculations, we systematically investigate the electronic properties of trilayer nickelates. In La4Ni3O10, we observe pronounced interorbital hybridization, whereas in Pr4Ni3O10, the flat d_(z^2 ) band becomes markedly incoherent and diminishes in spectral weight. By contrast, the dispersive d_(x^2-y^2 ) bands retain coherence in both compounds. This striking incoherence/coherence dichotomy identifies an orbital-selective Mott phase modulated by the interlayer Ni-O-Ni bonding angle. The depletion of the d_(z^2 ) orbitals further frustrates the interorbital hybridization and influences the density-wave transition in Pr4Ni3O10. Moreover, the density-wave gap is substantially reduced in Pr4Ni3O10, likely due to extra scattering channels provided by the local moments of Pr3+ cations. Our findings elucidate the intricate interplay among lattice, orbital, spin, and electronic degrees of freedom and reveal a feasible structural control parameter for the multi-orbital correlated state in trilayer nickelates, which provide a concrete framework for understanding the emergence of superconductivity under high pressure.

cond-mat.str-el

Vacuum initial data with minimal decay and borderline decay

In this note, we show that the conical solution-operator method of Mao-Tao in [Localized initial data for Einstein equations] applies to a simple construction of vacuum asymptotically flat initial data at minimal and borderline decay thresholds, corresponding to the global and exterior stability of Minkowski spacetime proved by the first named author in [Global stability of Minkowski spacetime with minimal decay] and [Exterior stability of Minkowski spacetime with borderline decay].

math.AP

Direct Observation of Unidirectional Density Wave and Band splitting in a Single-Domain Trilayer Nickelate Pr$_4$Ni$_3$O$_{10}$

Unraveling the interplay between density-wave (DW) instabilities and multi-orbital physics is critical for understanding superconductivity in Ruddlesden-Popper nickelates, yet intrinsic electronic features have been persistently obscured by material inhomogeneity and thus the multi-domain averaging effect. Here, we employ micro-focused angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy ($\mu$-ARPES) on single-domain Pr$_4$Ni$_3$O$_{10}$ to disentangle the complex hierarchy of intrinsic and back-folded bands, explicitly identifying the electronic states driving the DW phase transition. We provide decisive spectroscopic evidence that the low-energy reconstruction is governed by inter-orbital nesting between the $\alpha$ and $\beta$ bands. Specifically, we resolve a orbital-dependent gap of $\sim44$ meV on the $\alpha$ pocket, a value quantitatively consistent with prior measurements, unifying previously conflicting experimental reports regarding the locus and magnitude of the DW gap. Furthermore, we reveal strong orbital-selective mass renormalization in the $d_{z^2}$ states and successfully resolve the long-sought intrinsic trilayer $\beta$-band splitting, establishing a critical lower bound for the outer-layer hopping. These results define a coherent microscopic fingerprint for the trilayer nickelates, identifying the specific nesting channels and correlation effects that underpin the phase diagram.

cond-mat.supr-con

Contrasting Momentum-Selective Spin-Density-Wave Gaps in Bilayer and Trilayer Nickelates

Resolving where the density-wave gap opens in momentum space is essential for identifying the microscopic origin of the instability in layered nickelates. Using polarization-resolved electronic Raman scattering, we map the momentum selectivity of the spin-density-wave (SDW) gap in trilayer La4Ni3O10. We observe a SDW-induced redistribution of spectral weight on both the $\alpha$ pocket at the Brillouin-zone centre and a portion of the $\beta$ pocket near the zone boundary, characterized by gap energies of approximately 55~meV. In contrast, no comparable spectral weight suppression is observed along the diagonal region of $\beta$ pockets, implying little or no gap opening. This gap topology contrasts sharply with that in La3Ni2O7, where anisotropic SDW gaps open solely on the $\beta$ pocket. Our results establish a distinct momentum-space gap topology between bilayer and trilayer nickelates, placing new constraints on the ordering wave vector and the mechanism of the density-wave instability relevant to superconductivity.

cond-mat.supr-con

Unusual Dual Flat Bands and two-dimensional Dirac-node Arc State in Kagome Metal Ni3In2S2

Kagome materials are at the frontier of condensed matter physics. An ideal kagome lattice features only one geometrically frustrated flat band spanning the entire momentum space and a single Dirac cone at the Brillouin-zone corners. However, for the first time, here we observe unusual flat-band and Dirac physics in the newly discovered "322" kagome material Ni3In2S2 by combining high-resolution synchrotron- and laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with a micro-focused beam, scanning tunneling microscopy, and first-principles calculations. We resolve two distinct electronic flat-band states located in close proximity to the Fermi level: a robust Topological Surface Flat Band at ~40 meV below the Fermi level on the Sulfur-terminated surface, originating from weak topological insulator states, and a kagome lattice-derived flat band at ~100 meV binding energy with an ultranarrow bandwidth (~5 meV). Instead of the single Dirac cone, the Indium-terminated surface hosts a rare two-dimensional Dirac-node arc state, where the gapless Dirac nodes extend along an open one-dimensional line crossing the Brillouin-zone boundary, exhibiting sharp linear dispersion, exceptionally high Fermi velocity, and pronounced circular dichroism. These findings establish Ni3In2S2 as a unique topological kagome metal in which multiple flat-band states of different physical origin coexist with an unusual Dirac-node arc, opening an avenue for discovering flat-band--driven and topology-enabled quantum phenomena.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Absence of magnetic order in epitaxial RuO2 revealed by X-ray linear dichroism

Recently, the topic of altermagnetism has attracted tremendous attention and RuO2 have been demonstrated to be one of the most promising altermagnetic candidates. However, disputes still remain on the existence of magnetic order in RuO2. Here in this work, we employ X-ray linear dichroism (XLD), a widely utilized technique for characterizing antiferromagnets, in conjunction with photoemission electron microscopy and multiple scattering calculation to provide clear evidence of the absence of magnetic order in epitaxial RuO2 films. The observed XLD signal is nearly invariant with temperature and independent on cooling field direction, in stark contrast to the substantial magnetic order-related XLD signal predicted by multiple scattering calculation. This finding strongly suggests a nonmagnetic origin for RuO2. Furthermore, we observed significantly distinct XLD signals at the Ru M3 and O K edges in RuO2 films grown on TiO2 substrate with different surface orientations, which can be attributed to the low-symmetry crystal field. These results unequivocally demonstrate the absence of magnetic order in RuO2 and establishes XLD measurement as a robust technique for probing the low-symmetry magnetic materials.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Cauchy Data for Formation of Multiple Black Holes with Prescribed ADM Parameters

We give a simple construction of smooth, asymptotically flat vacuum initial data modeling a relativistic collapsing $N$--body system, with independently prescribed ADM energy, linear momentum, and angular momentum for each component, subject to the timelike condition $\E>|\P|$. The initial data contain no trapped surfaces, and the future development contains multiple causally independent trapped regions that dynamically form from localized subsets of the initial slice. In particular, the maximal development of data with well-separated collapsing components and relative motion is expected to yield spacetimes containing multiple black holes.

gr-qc