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F. Balestra

Publications and source records attributed to F. Balestra.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2023

Numerical simulation and analytical modelling of self-heating in FDSOI MOSFETs down to very deep cryogenic temperatures

Self-heating (SHE) TCAD numerical simulations have been performed, for the first time, on 30nm FDSOI MOS transistors at extremely low temperatures. The self-heating temperature rise dTmax and the thermal resistance Rth are computed as functions of the ambient temperature Ta and the dissipated electrical power (Pd), considering calibrated silicon and oxide thermal conductivities. The characteristics of the SHE temperature rise dTmax(Pd) display sub-linear behavior at sufficiently high levels of dissipated power, in line with standard FDSOI SHE experimental data. It has been observed that the SHE temperature rise dTmax can significantly exceed the ambient temperature more easily at very low temperatures. Furthermore, a detailed thermal analysis of the primary heat flows in the FDSOI device has been conducted, leading to the development of an analytical SHE model calibrated against TCAD simulation data. This SHE analytical model accurately describes the dTmax(Pd) and Rth(Ta) characteristics of an FDSOI MOS device operating at extreme low ambient temperatures. These TCAD simulations and analytical models hold great promise for predicting the SHE and electro-thermal performance of FDSOI MOS transistors against ambient temperature and dissipated power.

physics.app-ph↗
arXiv2022

The exotic meson $π_1(1600)$ with $J^{PC} = 1^{-+}$ and its decay into $ρ(770)π$

We study the spin-exotic $J^{PC} = 1^{-+}$ amplitude in single-diffractive dissociation of 190 GeV$/c$ pions into $π^-π^-π^+$ using a hydrogen target and confirm the $π_1(1600) \to ρ(770) π$ amplitude, which interferes with a nonresonant $1^{-+}$ amplitude. We demonstrate that conflicting conclusions from previous studies on these amplitudes can be attributed to different analysis models and different treatment of the dependence of the amplitudes on the squared four-momentum transfer and we thus reconcile their experimental findings. We study the nonresonant contributions to the $π^-π^-π^+$ final state using pseudo-data generated on the basis of a Deck model. Subjecting pseudo-data and real data to the same partial-wave analysis, we find good agreement concerning the spectral shape and its dependence on the squared four-momentum transfer for the $J^{PC} = 1^{-+}$ amplitude and also for amplitudes with other $J^{PC}$ quantum numbers. We investigate for the first time the amplitude of the $π^-π^+$ subsystem with $J^{PC} = 1^{--}$ in the $3π$ amplitude with $J^{PC} = 1^{-+}$ employing the novel freed-isobar analysis scheme. We reveal this $π^-π^+$ amplitude to be dominated by the $ρ(770)$ for both the $π_1(1600)$ and the nonresonant contribution. We determine the $ρ(770)$ resonance parameters within the three-pion final state. These findings largely confirm the underlying assumptions for the isobar model used in all previous partial-wave analyses addressing the $J^{PC} = 1^{-+}$ amplitude.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2021

Triangle Singularity as the Origin of the $a_1(1420)$

The COMPASS experiment recently discovered a new isovector resonance-like signal with axial-vector quantum numbers, the $a_1(1420)$, decaying to $f_0(980)π$. With a mass too close to and a width smaller than the axial-vector ground state $a_1(1260)$, it was immediately interpreted as a new light exotic meson, similar to the $X$, $Y$, $Z$ states in the hidden-charm sector. We show that a resonance-like signal fully matching the experimental data is produced by the decay of the $a_1(1260)$ resonance into $K^\ast(\to Kπ)\bar{K}$ and subsequent rescattering through a triangle singularity into the coupled $f_0(980)π$ channel. The amplitude for this process is calculated using a new approach based on dispersion relations. The triangle-singularity model is fitted to the partial-wave data of the COMPASS experiment. Despite having less parameters, this fit shows a slightly better quality than the one using a resonance hypothesis and thus eliminates the need for an additional resonance in order to describe the data. We thereby demonstrate for the first time in the light-meson sector that a resonance-like structure in the experimental data can be described by rescattering through a triangle singularity, providing evidence for a genuine three-body effect.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2021

Spin Density Matrix Elements in Exclusive $ω$ Meson Muoproduction $^*$

We report on a measurement of Spin Density Matrix Elements (SDMEs) in hard exclusive $ω$ meson muoproduction on the proton at COMPASS using 160 GeV/$c$ polarised $ μ^{+}$ and $ μ^{-}$ beams impinging on a liquid hydrogen target. The measurement covers the range 5.0 GeV/$c^2$ $< W <$ 17.0 GeV/$c^2$, with the average kinematics $\langle Q^{2} \rangle=$ 2.1 (GeV/$c$)$^2$, $\langle W \rangle= 7.6$ GeV/$c^2$, and $\langle p^{2}_{\rm T} \rangle = 0.16$ (GeV/$c$)$^2$. Here, $Q^2$ denotes the virtuality of the exchanged photon, $W$ the mass of the final hadronic system and $p_T$ the transverse momentum of the $ω$ meson with respect to the virtual-photon direction. The measured non-zero SDMEs for the transitions of transversely polarised virtual photons to longitudinally polarised vector mesons ($γ^*_T \to V_L$) indicate a violation of $s$-channel helicity conservation. Additionally, we observe a sizeable contribution of unnatural-parity-exchange (UPE) transitions that decreases with increasing $W$. The results provide important input for modelling Generalised Parton Distributions (GPDs). In particular, they may allow to evaluate in a model-dependent way the contribution of UPE transitions and assess the role of parton helicity-flip GPDs in exclusive $ω$ production.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2021

Probing transversity by measuring $Λ$ polarisation in SIDIS

Based on the observation of sizeable target-transverse-spin asymmetries in single-hadron and hadron-pair production in Semi-Inclusive measurements of Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS), the chiral-odd transversity quark distribution functions $h_1^q$ are nowadays well established. Several possible channels to access these functions were originally proposed. One candidate is the measurement of the polarisation of $Λ$ hyperons produced in SIDIS off transversely polarised nucleons, where the transverse polarisation of the struck quark might be transferred to the final-state hyperon. In this article, we present the COMPASS results on the transversity-induced polarisation of $Λ$ and $\barΛ$ hyperons produced in SIDIS off transversely polarised protons. Within the experimental uncertainties, no significant deviation from zero was observed. The results are discussed in the context of different models taking into account previous experimental results on $h_1^u$ and $h_1^d$.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2020

Laser Processing For 3D Junctionless Transistor Fabrication

To take fully advantage of Junctionless transistor (JLT) low-cost and low-temperature features we investigate a 475 degC process to create onto a wafer a thin poly-Si layer on insulator. We fabricated a 13nm doped (Phosphorous, 1E19 at/cm3) poly-silicon film featuring excellent roughness values (Rmax= 1.6nm and RMS=0.2nm). Guidelines for grain size optimization using nanosecond (ns) laser annealing are given.

physics.app-ph↗
arXiv2020

Antiproton over proton and K$^-$ over K$^+$ multiplicity ratios at high $z$ in DIS

The $\bar{\rm p} $ over p multiplicity ratio is measured in deep-inelastic scattering for the first time using (anti-) protons carrying a large fraction of the virtual-photon energy, $z>0.5$. The data were obtained by the COMPASS Collaboration using a 160 GeV muon beam impinging on an isoscalar $^6$LiD target. The regime of deep-inelastic scattering is ensured by requiring $Q^2$ > 1 (GeV/$c$)$^2$ for the photon virtuality and $W > 5$ GeV/$c^2$ for the invariant mass of the produced hadronic system. The range in Bjorken-$x$ is restricted to $0.01 < x < 0.40$. Protons and antiprotons are identified in the momentum range $20 ÷60$ GeV/$c$. In the whole studied $z$-region, the $\bar{\rm p}$ over p multiplicity ratio is found to be below the lower limit expected from calculations based on leading-order perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (pQCD). Extending our earlier analysis of the K$^-$ over K$^+$ multiplicity ratio by including now events with larger virtual-photon energies, this ratio becomes closer to the expectation of next-to-leading order pQCD. The results of both analyses strengthen our earlier conclusion that the phase space available for hadronisation should be taken into account in the pQCD formalism.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2019

Contribution of exclusive diffractive processes to the measured azimuthal asymmetries in SIDIS

Hadron leptoproduction in Semi-Inclusive measurements of Deep-Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) on unpolarised nucleons allows one to get information on the intrinsic transverse momentum of quarks in a nucleon and on the Boer-Mulders function through the measurement of azimuthal modulations in the cross section. These modulations were recently measured by the HERMES experiment at DESY on proton and deuteron targets, and by the COMPASS experiment using the CERN SPS muon beam and a $^6$LiD target. In both cases, the amplitudes of the $\cosϕ_h$ and $\cos 2ϕ_h$ modulations show strong kinematic dependences for both positive and negative hadrons. It has been known since some time that the measured final-state hadrons in those SIDIS experiments receive a contribution from exclusive diffractive production of vector mesons, particularly important at large values of $z$, the fraction of the virtual photon energy carried by the hadron. In previous measurements of azimuthal asymmetries this contribution was not taken into account, because it was not known that it could distort the azimuthal modulations. Presently, a method to evaluate the contribution of the exclusive reactions to the azimuthal asymmetries measured by COMPASS has been developed. The subtraction of this contribution results in a better understanding of the kinematic effects, and the remaining non-zero $\cos 2ϕ_h$ modulation gives indication for a non-zero Boer-Mulders effect.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2019

Transverse Extension of Partons in the Proton probed by Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering

We report on the first measurement of exclusive single-photon muoproduction on the proton by COMPASS using 160 GeV/$c$ polarized $μ^+$ and $μ^-$ beams of the CERN SPS impinging on a liquid hydrogen target. We determine the dependence of the average of the measured $μ^+$ and $μ^-$ cross sections for deeply virtual Compton scattering on the squared four-momentum transfer $t$ from the initial to the final final proton. The slope $B$ of the $t$-dependence is fitted with a single exponential function, which yields $B=(4.3 \ \pm \ 0.6_{\text{stat}}\_{- \ 0.3}^{+ \ 0.1}\big\rvert_{\text{sys}}) (\text{GeV}/c)^{-2}$. This result can be converted into an average transverse extension of partons in the proton, $\sqrt{\langle r_{\perp}^2 \rangle} = (0.58 \ \pm \ 0.04_{\text{stat}}\_{- \ 0.02}^{+ \ 0.01}\big\rvert_{\text{sys}})\text{fm}$. For this measurement, the average virtuality of the photon mediating the interaction is $\langle Q^2 \rangle = 1.8\,(\text{GeV/}c)^2$ and the average value of the Bjorken variable is $\langle x_{\text{Bj}} \rangle = 0.056$.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2019

Measurement of the cross section for hard exclusive $π^0$ leptoproduction

We report on a measurement of hard exclusive $π^0$ muoproduction on the proton by COMPASS using 160 GeV/$c$ polarised $μ^+$ and $μ^-$ beams of the CERN SPS impinging on a liquid hydrogen target. From the average of the measured $μ^+$ and $μ^-$ cross sections, the virtual-photon proton cross section is determined as a function of the squared four-momentum transfer between initial and final proton in the range $0.08\,(\text{GeV/}c)^2 < |t| < 0.64\,(\text{GeV/}c)^2$. The average kinematics of the measurement are $\langle Q^2 \rangle =2.0\; {(\text{GeV}/c)^2}$, $\langle ν\rangle = 12.8\; {\text{GeV}}$, $\langle x_{Bj} \rangle = 0.093 $ and $\langle -t \rangle = 0.256\; {(\text{GeV}/c)^2} $. Fitting the azimuthal dependence reveals a combined contribution by transversely and longitudinally polarised photons of $(8.1 \ \pm \ 0.9_{\text{stat}}{}_{- \ 1.0}^{+ \ 1.1}\big\rvert_{\text{sys}})\,{\text{nb}}/{(\text{GeV}/c)^{2}}$, as well as transverse-transverse and longitudinal-transverse interference contributions of $(-6.0 \pm 1.3_{\text{stat}}{}_{- \ 0.7}^{+ \ 0.7}\big\rvert_{\text{sys}})\,{\text{nb}}/{(\text{GeV}/c)^{2}}$ and $(1.4 \pm 0.5_{\text{stat}}{}_{- \ 0.2}^{+ \ 0.3}\big\rvert_{\text{sys}})\,{\text{nb}}/{(\text{GeV}/c)^{2}}$, respectively. Our results provide important input for modelling Generalised Parton Distributions. In the context of the phenomenological Goloskokov-Kroll model, the statistically significant transverse-transverse interference contribution constitutes clear experimental evidence for the chiral-odd GPD $\overline{E}_T$.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2018

Azimuthal asymmetries of charged hadrons produced in high-energy muon scattering off longitudinally polarised deuterons

Single hadron azimuthal asymmetries of positive and negative hadrons produced in muon semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering off longitudinally polarised deuterons are determined using the 2006 COMPASS data and also combined all deuteron COMPASS data. For each hadron charge, the dependence of the azimuthal asymmetry on the hadron azimuthal angle $ϕ$ is obtained by means of a five-parameter fitting function that besides a $ϕ$-independent term includes four modulations predicted by theory: $\sinϕ$, $\sin 2 ϕ$, $\sin 3ϕ$ and $\cosϕ$. The amplitudes of the five terms have been extracted, first, for the hadrons in the whole available kinematic region. In further fits, performed for hadrons from a restricted kinematic region, the $ϕ$-dependence is determined as a function of one of three variables (Bjorken-$x$, fractional energy of virtual photon taken by the outgoing hadron and hadron transverse momentum), while disregarding the others. Except the $ϕ$-independent term, all the modulation amplitudes are very small, and no clear kinematic dependence could be observed within experimental uncertainties.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2018

Light isovector resonances in $π^- p \to π^-π^-π^+ p$ at 190 GeV/${\it c}$

We have performed the most comprehensive resonance-model fit of $π^-π^-π^+$ states using the results of our previously published partial-wave analysis (PWA) of a large data set of diffractive-dissociation events from the reaction $π^- + p \to π^-π^-π^+ + p_\text{recoil}$ with a 190 GeV/$c$ pion beam. The PWA results, which were obtained in 100 bins of three-pion mass, $0.5 < m_{3π} < 2.5$ GeV/$c^2$, and simultaneously in 11 bins of the reduced four-momentum transfer squared, $0.1 < t' < 1.0$ $($GeV$/c)^2$, are subjected to a resonance-model fit using Breit-Wigner amplitudes to simultaneously describe a subset of 14 selected waves using 11 isovector light-meson states with $J^{PC} = 0^{-+}$, $1^{++}$, $2^{++}$, $2^{-+}$, $4^{++}$, and spin-exotic $1^{-+}$ quantum numbers. The model contains the well-known resonances $π(1800)$, $a_1(1260)$, $a_2(1320)$, $π_2(1670)$, $π_2(1880)$, and $a_4(2040)$. In addition, it includes the disputed $π_1(1600)$, the excited states $a_1(1640)$, $a_2(1700)$, and $π_2(2005)$, as well as the resonancelike $a_1(1420)$. We measure the resonance parameters mass and width of these objects by combining the information from the PWA results obtained in the 11 $t'$ bins. We extract the relative branching fractions of the $ρ(770) π$ and $f_2(1270) π$ decays of $a_2(1320)$ and $a_4(2040)$, where the former one is measured for the first time. In a novel approach, we extract the $t'$ dependence of the intensity of the resonances and of their phases. The $t'$ dependence of the intensities of most resonances differs distinctly from the $t'$ dependence of the nonresonant components. For the first time, we determine the $t'$ dependence of the phases of the production amplitudes and confirm that the production mechanism of the Pomeron exchange is common to all resonances.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2018

K$^{-}$ over K$^{+}$ multiplicity ratio for kaons produced in DIS with a large fraction of the virtual-photon energy

The K$^{-}$ over K$^{+}$ multiplicity ratio is measured in deep-inelastic scattering, for the first time for kaons carrying a large fraction $z$ of the virtual-photon energy. The data were obtained by the COMPASS collaboration using a 160 GeV muon beam and an isoscalar $^6$LiD target. The regime of deep-inelastic scattering is ensured by requiring $Q^2>1$ (GeV/$c)^2$ for the photon virtuality and $W>5$ GeV/$c^2$ for the invariant mass of the produced hadronic system. Kaons are identified in the momentum range from 12 GeV/$c$ to 40 GeV/$c$, thereby restricting the range in Bjorken-$x$ to $0.01 0.75$. For very large values of $z$, $i.e.$ $z>0.8$, we observe the kaon multiplicity ratio to fall below the lower limits expected from calculations based on leading and next-to-leading order perturbative quantum chromodynamics. Also, the kaon multiplicity ratio shows a strong dependence on the missing mass of the single-kaon production process. This suggests that within the perturbative quantum chromodynamics formalism an additional correction may be required, which takes into account the phase space available for hadronisation.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2018

Measurement of $P_T$-weighted Sivers asymmetries in leptoproduction of hadrons

The transverse spin asymmetries measured in semi-inclusive leptoproduction of hadrons, when weighted with the hadron transverse momentum $P_T$, allow for the extraction of important transverse-momentum-dependent distribution functions. In particular, the weighted Sivers asymmetries provide direct information on the Sivers function, which is a leading-twist distribution that arises from a correlation between the transverse momentum of an unpolarised quark in a transversely polarised nucleon and the spin of the nucleon. Using the high-statistics data collected by the COMPASS Collaboration in 2010 with a transversely polarised proton target, we have evaluated two types of $P_T$-weighted Sivers asymmetries, which are both proportional to the product of the firsttransverse moment of the Sivers function and of the fragmentation function. The results are compared to the standard unweighted Sivers asymmetries and used to extract the first transverse moments of the Sivers distributions for $u$ and $d$ quarks.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2018

Search for muoproduction of $X(3872)$ at COMPASS and indication of a new state $\widetilde{X}(3872)$

We have searched for exclusive production of exotic charmonia in the reaction $μ^+~N \rightarrow μ^+ (J\!/\!ψπ^+π^-)π^{\pm}~N'$ using COMPASS data collected with incoming muons of 160 GeV/$c$ and 200 GeV/$c$ momentum. In the $J\!/\!ψπ^+π^-$ mass distribution we observe a signal with a statistical significance of 4.1 $σ$. Its mass and width are consistent with those of the $X(3872)$. The shape of the $π^+π^-$ mass distribution from the observed decay into $J\!/\!ψπ^+π^-$ shows disagreement with previous observations for $X(3872)$. The observed signal may be interpreted as a possible evidence of a new charmonium state. It could be associated with a neutral partner of $X(3872)$ with $C = -1$ predicted by a tetraquark model. The product of cross section and branching fraction of the decay of the observed state into $J\!/\!ψπ^+π^-$ is determined to be 71$\pm$28(stat)$\pm$39(syst) pb.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2017

Exclusive $ω$ meson muoproduction on transversely polarised protons

Exclusive production of $ω$ mesons was studied at the COMPASS experiment by scattering $160~\mathrm{GeV}/\mathit{c}$ muons off transversely polarised protons. Five single-spin and three double-spin azimuthal asymmetries were measured in the range of photon virtuality $1~(\mathrm{GeV}/\mathit{c})^2 < Q^2 < 10~(\mathrm{GeV}/\mathit{c})^2$, Bjorken scaling variable $0.003 < x_{\mathit{Bj}} < 0.3$ and transverse momentum squared of the $ω$ meson $0.05~(\mathrm{GeV}/\mathit{c})^2 < p_{T}^{2} < 0.5~(\mathrm{GeV}/\mathit{c})^2$. The measured asymmetries are sensitive to the nucleon helicity-flip Generalised Parton Distributions (GPD) $E$ that are related to the orbital angular momentum of quarks, the chiral-odd GPDs $H_{T}$ that are related to the transversity Parton Distribution Functions, and the sign of the $πω$ transition form factor. The results are compared to recent calculations of a GPD-based model.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2017

Longitudinal double-spin asymmetry $A_1^{\rm p}$ and spin-dependent structure function $g_1^{\rm p}$ of the proton at small values of $x$ and $Q^2$

We present a precise measurement of the proton longitudinal double-spin asymmetry $A_1^{\rm p}$ and the proton spin-dependent structure function $g_1^{\rm p}$ at photon virtualities $0.006~({\rm GeV}/c)^2<Q^2 < 1~({\rm GeV}/c)^2$ in the Bjorken $x$ range of $4 \times 10^{-5} < x < 4 \times 10^{-2}$. The results are based on data collected by the COMPASS Collaboration at CERN using muon beam energies of $160~{\rm GeV}$ and $200~{\rm GeV}$. The statistical precision is more than tenfold better than that of the previous measurement in this region. In the whole range of $x$, the measured values of $A_1^{\rm p}$ and $g_1^{\rm p}$ are found to be positive. It is for the first time that spin effects are found at such low values of $x$.

hep-ex↗