arXiv subjects

Fa Wang

Publications and source records attributed to Fa Wang.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2019

Large Magnetoelectric Response in Sr2IrO4/SrTiO3 superlattices with non-equivalent interfaces

Large magnetoelectric response in thin films is highly desired for high-throughput and high-density microelectronic applications. However, the d0 rule in single-phase compounds usually results in a weak interaction between ferroelectric and magnetic orders; the magnetoelectric coupling via elastic resonance in composites restricts their thin-film integration in broadband. Here, we effectuate a concurrence of ferroelectric-like and antiferromagnetic phase transitions in Sr2IrO4/SrTiO3 superlattices by artificial design periodically non-equivalent interfaces, where a maximum magnetoelectric coefficient of ~980 mV cm-1 Oe-1 can be measured. Evidenced by synchrotron X-ray absorption and electron energy loss spectroscopies, a lopsided electron occupation occurs at the interfacial Ti ions. From perturbative calculations and numerical results, a strong coupling of antiferromagnetism and asymmetric electron occupation mediated by spin-orbit interaction leads to a large bulk magnetoelectric response. This atomic tailoring of the quantum order parameters in 3d and 5d oxides provides an alternative pathway towards strong magnetoelectric effects with thin-film integrations.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2019

Conductivity in nodal line semimetals with short-ranged impurity potentials

We study the transport properties in nodal line semimetals with short-ranged impurity potentials at zero temperature. By computing the Drude conductivity and the corrections from the interference of particle and hole trajectories, we find that the electrons are localized in directions both parallel and perpendicular to the plane of nodal ring. We further calculate the conductivity in a weak magnetic field, and find that the perpendicular magnetic field totally destroys the weak localization gives a positive quantum interference correction, which is similar to the result in Weyl semimetals. But for a parallel magnetic field, because of the $π$ Berry phase of the electron orbit around the nodal line, the magnetoconductivity is negatively proportional to $B$. The difference between the perpendicular and the parallel magnetic field may be verified by experiments. Nodal line semimetals which break inversion and time-reversal symmetry and have spin-orbit coupling are also considered and produce qualitatively the same results.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2019

The convergence of the Generalized Lanczos Trust-Region Method for the Trust-Region Subproblem

Solving the trust-region subproblem (TRS) plays a key role in numerical optimization and many other applications. The generalized Lanczos trust-region (GLTR) method is a well-known Lanczos type approach for solving a large-scale TRS. The method projects the original large-scale TRS onto a $k$ dimensional Krylov subspace, whose orthonormal basis is generated by the symmetric Lanczos process, and computes an approximate solution from the underlying subspace. There have been some a-priori error bounds for the optimal solution and the optimal objective value in the literature, but no a-priori result exists on the convergence of Lagrangian multipliers involved in projected TRS's and the residual norm of approximate solution. In this paper, a general convergence theory of the GLTR method is established, and a-priori bounds are derived for the errors of the optimal Lagrangian multiplier, the optimal solution, the optimal objective value and the residual norm of approximate solution. Numerical experiments demonstrate that our bounds are realistic and predict the convergence rates of the three errors and residual norms accurately.

math.NA↗

arXiv2019

Pristine Mott Insulator from an Exactly Solvable Spin-1/2 Kitaev Model

We propose an exactly solvable quantum spin-1/2 model with time reversal invariance on a two dimensional brick-wall lattice, where each unit cell consists of three sites. We find that the ground states are algebraic quantum spin liquid states. The spinon excitations are gapless and the energy dispersion is linear around two Dirac points. The ground states are of three-fold topological degeneracy on a torus. Breaking the time reversal symmetry opens a bulk energy gap and the $Z_2$ vortices obey non-Abelian statistics.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2018

An Efficient L-Shape Fitting Method for Vehicle Pose Detection with 2D LiDAR

Detecting vehicles with strong robustness and high efficiency has become one of the key capabilities of fully autonomous driving cars. This topic has already been widely studied by GPU-accelerated deep learning approaches using image sensors and 3D LiDAR, however, few studies seek to address it with a horizontally mounted 2D laser scanner. 2D laser scanner is equipped on almost every autonomous vehicle for its superiorities in the field of view, lighting invariance, high accuracy and relatively low price. In this paper, we propose a highly efficient search-based L-Shape fitting algorithm for detecting positions and orientations of vehicles with a 2D laser scanner. Differing from the approach to formulating LShape fitting as a complex optimization problem, our method decomposes the L-Shape fitting into two steps: L-Shape vertexes searching and L-Shape corner localization. Our approach is computationally efficient due to its minimized complexity. In on-road experiments, our approach is capable of adapting to various circumstances with high efficiency and robustness.

cs.RO↗

arXiv2018

Superconductivity proximate to antiferromagnetism in a copper-oxide monolayer grown on Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+δ}$

A nodeless superconducting (SC) gap was reported in a recent scanning tunneling spectroscopy experiment of a copper-oxide monolayer grown on the Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+δ}$ (Bi2212) substrate [Y. Zhong {\it et al.}, Sci. Bull. {\bf 61}, 1239 (2016)], which is in stark contrast to the nodal d-wave pairing gap in the bulk cuprates. Motivated by this experiment, we first show with first-principles calculations that the tetragonal CuO (T-CuO) monolayer on the Bi2212 substrate is more stable than the commonly postulated CuO$_{2}$ structure. The T-CuO monolayer is composed of two CuO$_2$ layers sharing the same O atoms. The band structure is obtained by first-principles calculations, and its strong electron correlation is treated with the renormalized mean-field theory. We argue that one CuO$_2$ sublattice is hole doped while the other sublattice remains half filled and may have antiferromagnetic (AF) order. The doped Cu sublattice can show d-wave SC; however, its proximity to the AF Cu sublattice induces a spin-dependent hopping, which splits the Fermi surface and may lead to a full SC gap. Therefore, the nodeless SC gap observed in the experiment could be accounted for by the d-wave SC proximity to an AF order, thus it is extrinsic rather than intrinsic to the CuO$_2$ layers.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2017

Schwinger Boson Mean Field Theories of Spin Liquid States on Honeycomb Lattice: Projective Symmetry Group Analysis and Critical Field Theory

Motivated by the recent numerical evidence[1] of a short-range resonating valence bond state in the honeycomb lattice Hubbard model, we consider Schwinger boson mean field theories of possible spin liquid states on honeycomb lattice. From general stability considerations the possible spin liquids will have gapped spinons coupled to Z$_2$ gauge field. We apply the projective symmetry group(PSG) method to classify possible Z$_2$ spin liquid states within this formalism on honeycomb lattice. It is found that there are only two relevant Z$_2$ states, differed by the value of gauge flux, zero or $π$, in the elementary hexagon. The zero-flux state is a promising candidate for the observed spin liquid and continuous phase transition into commensurate Néel order. We also derive the critical field theory for this transition, which is the well-studied O(4) invariant theory[2-4], and has an irrelevant coupling between Higgs and boson fields with cubic power of spatial derivatives as required by lattice symmetry. This is in sharp contrast to the conventional theory[5], where such transition generically leads to non-colinear incommensurate magnetic order. In this scenario the Z$_2$ spin liquid could be close to a tricritical point. Soft boson modes will exist at seven different wave vectors. This will show up as low frequency dynamical spin susceptibility peaks not only at the $Γ$ point (the Néel order wave vector) but also at Brillouin zone edge center $M$ points and twelve other points. Some simple properties of the $π$-flux state are studies as well. Symmetry allowed further neighbor mean field ansatz are derived in Appendix which can be used in future theoretical works along this direction.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2017

The Electron Pairing of K$_x$Fe$_{2-y}$Se$_2$

We studied the pairing instabilities in K$_x$Fe$_{2-y}$Se$_2$ using a two stage functional renormalization group (FRG) method. Our results suggest the leading and subleading pairing symmetries are nodeless $d_{x^2-y^2}$ and nodal extended $s$ respectively. In addition, despite having no Fermi surfaces we find the buried hole bands make important contributions to the final effective interaction. From the bandstructure, spin susceptibility and the FRG results we conclude that the low energy effective interaction in K$_x$Fe$_{2-y}$Se$_2$ is well described by a $J_1-J_2$ model with dominant nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic interaction $J_1$ (at least as far as the superconducting pairing is concerned). In the end we briefly mention several obvious experiments to test whether the pairing symmetry is indeed $d_{x^2-y^2}$.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2016

Unconventional Surface Critical Behaviors Induced by Quantum Phase Transition from Two-Dimensional Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki Phase to Néel Order

A symmetry-protected topological phase has nontrivial surface states in the presence of certain symmetries, which can either be gapless or be degenerate. In this work, we study the physical consequence of such gapless surface states at the bulk quantum phase transition (QPT) that spontaneously breaks these symmetries. The two-dimensional Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki phase on a square lattice and its QPTs to Néel ordered phases are realized with the spin-$1/2$ Heisenberg model on a decorated square lattice. With large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we show that even though the bulk QPTs are governed by the conventional Landau phase transition theory, the gapless surface state induces unconventional universality classes of the surface critical behaviors.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2016

Compass Impurity Model of Tb Substitution in Sr2IrO4

We show that upon Tb substitution the interaction between the magnetic moments on the impurity Tb$^{4+}$ ion and its surrounding Ir$^{4+}$ ions is described by a "compass" model, i.e., Ising-like interaction favoring the magnetic moments across each bond to align along the bond direction. Such interaction nucleates quenched magnetic vortices near the impurities and drives a reentrant transition out of the antiferromagnetic ordered phase at low temperatures hence quickly suppresses the Néel temperature consistent with the experiment [Phys. Rev. B \textbf{92}, 214411 (2015)]. As a by-product, we propose that the compass model can be realized in ordered double perovskites composed of the spin-orbital-coupled $d^{5}$ ions and the half-closed-shell $f^{7}$ ions.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2016

Prominent role of spin-orbit coupling in FeSe

In most existing theories for iron-based superconductors, spin-orbit coupling (SOC) has been assumed insignificant. Even though recent experiments have revealed an influence of SOC on the electronic band structure, whether SOC fundamentally affects magnetism and superconductivity remains an open question. Here we use spin-polarised inelastic neutron scattering to show that collective low-energy spin fluctuations in the orthorhombic (or "nematic") phase of FeSe possess nearly no in-plane component. Such spin-space anisotropy can only be caused by SOC. It is present over an energy range greater than the superconducting gap 2$Δ_\mathrm{sc}$ and gets fully inherited in the superconducting state, resulting in a distinct $c$-axis polarised "spin resonance". Our result demonstrates the importance of SOC in defining the low-energy spin excitations in FeSe, which helps to elucidate the nearby magnetic instabilities and the debated interplay between spin and orbital degrees of freedom. The prominent role of SOC also implies a possible unusual nature of the superconducting state.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2016

Schwinger boson spin liquid states on square lattice

We study possible spin liquids on square lattice that respect all lattice symmetries and time-reversal symmetry within the framework of Schwinger boson (mean-field) theory. Such spin liquids have spin gap and emergent Z_2 gauge field excitations. We classify them by the projective symmetry group method, and find six spin liquid states that are potentially relevant to the J_1-J_2 Heisenberg model. The properties of these states are studied under mean-field approximation. Interestingly we find a spin liquid state that can go through continuous phase transitions to either the Néel magnetic order or magnetic orders of the wavevector at Brillouin zone edge center. We also discuss the connection between our results and the Abrikosov fermion spin liquids.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2016

What makes the Tc of monolayer FeSe on SrTiO3 so high: a sign-problem-free quantum Monte Carlo study

Monolayer FeSe films grown on SrTiO3 (STO) substrate show superconducting gap-opening temperatures (Tc) which are almost an order of magnitude higher than those of the bulk FeSe and are highest among all known Fe-based superconductors. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) observed "replica bands" suggesting the importance of the interaction between FeSe electrons and STO phonons. These facts rejuvenated the quest for Tc enhancement mechanisms in iron-based, especially iron-chalcogenide, superconductors. Here, we perform the first numerically-exact sign-problem-free quantum Monte Carlo simulations to iron-based superconductors. We (i) study the electronic pairing mechanism intrinsic to heavily electron doped FeSe films, and (ii) examine the effects of electron-phonon interaction between FeSe and STO as well as nematic fluctuations on Tc. Armed with these results, we return to the question "what makes the Tc of monolayer FeSe on SrTiO3 so high?" in the conclusion and discussions.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2016

Quantum oscillation in narrow-gap topological insulators

The canonical understanding of quantum oscillation in metals is challenged by the observation of de Haas-van Alphen effect in an insulator, SmB$_{6}$ [Tan \emph{et al}, Science {\bf349}, 287 (2015)]. Based on a two-band model with inverted band structure, we show that the periodically narrowing hybridization gap in magnetic fields can induce the oscillation of low-energy density of states in the bulk, which is observable provided that the hybridization gap is narrow and comparable to the Landau level spacing. Its temperature dependence strongly deviates from the Lifshitz-Kosevich theory. The nontrivial band topology manifests itself as a nonzero Berry phase in the oscillation pattern, which crosses over to a trivial Berry phase by increasing the temperature or the magnetic field. Further predictions to experiments are also proposed.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2015

The nature of effective interaction in cuprate superconductors: a sign-problem-free quantum Monte-Carlo study

Superconductivity is an emergent phenomena in the sense that the energy scale associated with Cooper pairing is generically much lower than the typical kinetic energy of electrons. Addressing the mechanism of Cooper pairing amounts to determine the effective interaction that operates at low energies. Deriving such an interaction from a bottom-up approach has not been possible for any superconductor, especially strongly correlated ones. Top-down approaches, where one assumes an effective interaction, is plagued with the difficulty of extracting the implied electronic instabilities without uncontrolled approximations. These facts severely hinder our ability to determine the pairing mechanism for high temperature superconductors. Here we perform large-scale sign-problem-free quantum Monte-Carlo simulations on an effective theory, featured with antiferromagnetic and nematic fluctuations, to study the intertwined antiferromagnetic, superconducting, and charge density wave instabilities of the cuprates. Our results suggest the inclusion of nematic fluctuations is essential in order to produce the observed type of charge density wave ordering. Interestingly we find that the d-wave Cooper pairing is enhanced by nematic fluctuations.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2015

Topological versus Landau-like phase transitions

The study of continuous phase transitions triggered by spontaneous symmetry breaking has brought new concepts that revolutionized the way we understand many-body systems. Recently, through the discovery of symmetry protected topological phases, it is realized that quantum phase transition between states with the same symmetry but different topology can also occur continuously. Here we ask "what distinguishes these two types of phase transitions".

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2015

Nematicity and quantum paramagnetism in FeSe

In common with other iron-based high temperature superconductors, FeSe exhibits a transition to a ``nematic'' phase below 90Kelvin in which the crystal rotation symmetry is spontaneously broken. However, the absence of strong low-frequency magnetic fluctuations near or above the transition has been interpreted as implying the primacy of orbital ordering. In contrast, we establish that quantum fluctuations of spin-1 local moments with strongly frustrated exchange interactions can lead to a nematic quantum paramagnetic phase consistent with the observations in FeSe. We show that this phase is a fundamental expression of the existence of a Berry's phase associated with the topological defects of a Néel antiferromagnet, in a manner analogous to that which gives rise to valence bond crystal order for spin 1/2 systems. We present an exactly solvable model realizing the nematic quantum paramagnetic phase, discuss its relation with the spin-1 $J_1-J_2$ model, and construct a field theory of the Landau-forbidden transition between the Néel state and this nematic quantum paramagnet.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2015

Magnetic interactions in FeSe studied by first principle calculations

Based on first principle calculations we have investigated the evolution of magnetism in free-standing monolayer FeSe with respect to lattice constant and magnetism in bulk FeSe. The computational results show that the magnetic order in free-standing monolayer FeSe will change from anti-ferromagnetic pair-checkboard order to stripe collinear order along with enlarging lattice constant. The magnetic order in bulk FeSe will change from stripe collinear order to anti-ferromagnetic pair-checkboard order only if structure reconstruction is allowed. We use J$_1$-J$_2$-K$_1$ model to fit the calculated total energies of different magnetic orders to study magnetic interaction strengths in FeSe. The fitting results of J$_1$-J$_2$-K$_1$ indicate that magnetic interactions in FeSe are quite strong and highly frustrated, and increase slowly with enlarging lattice parameter.

cond-mat.supr-con↗