arXiv subjects

Gilberto M. Kremer

Publications and source records attributed to Gilberto M. Kremer.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

arXiv2014

Exit from accelerated regimes by symmetry breaking in a universe filled with fermionic and bosonic sources

In this work we investigate a universe filled with a fermionic field and a complex scalar field, exchanging energy through a Yukawa potential; the model encodes a symmetry breaking mechanism (on the bosonic sector). In a first case, when the mechanism is not included, the cosmological model furnishes a pure accelerated regime. In a second case, when including the symmetry breaking mechanism, we verify that the fermion and one of the bosons, of Higgs type, become massive, while the other boson is massless. Besides, the mechanism shows to be responsible for a transition from an accelerated to a decelerated regime, which certifies the importance, in cosmological terms, of its role. After symmetry breaking, the total pressure of the fields change its sign from negative to positive corresponding to the accelerated-decelerated transition. For large times the universe becomes a dust (pressureless) dominated Universe.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2014

Primordial scalar perturbations in tachyonic power-law inflation

In this work we determine the power spectrum of the gravitational potential of the primordial fluctuations for an inflationary model whose \emph{inflaton} is a non-canonical scalar field of the tachyon-type. The respective background field equations for an inverse-square potential produce a power-law inflation, and it is explicitly shown that for such a potential the power spectrum tends to be scale-independent for highly accelerated regimes in the inflationary expansion.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2013

Cosmological models with spinor and scalar fields by Noether symmetry approach

General cosmological models with spinor and scalar fields playing the role of gravitational sources are analyzed. The Noether symmetry approach is taken as a criterion to constrain the undefined potentials and couplings of the generic actions. For all the found Noether symmetries the corresponding dynamical systems can be analytically integrated. The obtained cosmological solutions describe the early and late Universe as expected by basing on the known eras of the Universe.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2013

Dark Sector from Interacting Canonical and Non-Canonical Scalar Fields

In this work it is investigated general models with interactions between two canonical scalar fields and between one non-canonical (tachyon-type) and one canonical scalar field. The potentials and couplings to the gravity are selected through the Noether symmetry approach. These general models are employed to describe interactions between dark energy and dark matter, with the fields being constrained by the astronomical data. The cosmological solutions of some cases are compared with the observed evolution of the late Universe.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2013

Cosmic expansion from boson and fermion fields

This paper consists in analyzing an action that describes boson and fermion fields minimally coupled to the gravity and a common matter field. The self-interaction potentials of the fields are not chosen a priori but from the Noether symmetry approach. The Noether forms of the potentials allow the boson field to play the role of dark energy and matter and the fermion field to behave as standard matter. The constant of motion and the cyclic variable associated with the Noether symmetry allow the complete integration of the field equations, whose solution produces a Universe with alternated periods of accelerated and decelerated expansion.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2013

Conformal coupling associated with the Noether symmetry and its connection with the $Λ$CDM dynamics

The aim of the present work is to investigate a non-minimally coupled scalar field model through the Noether symmetry approach, with the radiation, matter and cosmological constant eras being analyzed. The Noether symmetry condition allows a conformal coupling and by means of a change of coordinates in the configuration space the field equations can be reduced to a single equation, which is of the form of the Friedmann equation for the $Λ$CDM model. In this way, it is formally shown that the dynamical system can furnish solutions with the same form as those of the $Λ$CDM model, although the theory here considered is physically different from the former. The conserved quantity associated with the Noether symmetry can be related to the kinetic term of the scalar field and could constrain the possible deviations of the model from the $Λ$CDM picture. Observational constraints on the variation of the gravitational constant can be imposed on the model through the initial condition of the scalar field.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2013

Relativistic gas in a Schwarzschild metric

A relativistic gas in a Schwarzschild metric is studied within the framework of a relativistic Boltzmann equation in the presence of gravitational fields, where Marle's model for the collision operator of the Boltzmann equation is employed. The transport coefficients of bulk and shear viscosities and thermal conductivity are determined from the Chapman-Enskog method. It is shown that the transport coefficients depend on the gravitational potential. Expressions for the transport coefficients in the presence of weak gravitational fields in the non-relativistic (low temperatures) and ultra-relativistic (high temperatures) limiting cases are given. Apart from the temperature gradient the heat flux has two relativistic terms. The first one, proposed by Eckart, is due to the inertia of energy and represents an isothermal heat flux when matter is accelerated. The other, suggested by Tolman, is proportional to the gravitational potential gradient and indicates that -- in the absence of an acceleration field -- a state of equilibrium of a relativistic gas in a gravitational field can be attained only if the temperature gradient is counterbalanced by a gravitational potential gradient.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2013

Diffusion of relativistic gas mixtures in gravitational fields

A mixture of relativistic gases of non-disparate rest masses in a Schwarzschild metric is studied on the basis of a relativistic Boltzmann equation in the presence of gravitational fields. A BGK-type model equation of the collision operator of the Boltzmann equation is used in order to compute the non-equilibrium distribution functions by the Chapman-Enskog method. The main focus of this work is to obtain Fick's law without the thermal-diffusion cross-effect. Fick's law has four contributions, two of them are the usual terms proportional to the gradients of concentration and pressure. The other two are of the same nature as those which appears in Fourier's law in the presence of gravitational fields and are related with an acceleration and gravitational potential gradient, but unlike Fourier's law these two last terms are of non-relativistic order. Furthermore, it is shown that the coefficients of diffusion depend on the gravitational potential and they become larger than those in the absence of it.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2013

Analysis of the non-minimally coupled scalar field in the Palatini formalism by the Noether symmetry approach

We analyse a scalar field non-minimally coupled to gravity in the context of a Universe described by the flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (F-R-W) metric. The adopted model comprises a Universe filled by the scalar field and standard matter (dark and baryonic). The corresponding field equations are obtained through the Palatini formalism. From the action of the model in the flat F-R-W space-time, a point-like Lagrangian of first order is obtained and the Noether symmetry approach is applied to restrict the forms of the a priori undefined coupling and potential of the scalar field. We show that the massive scalar field is associated with a Noether symmetry of the model. Analytical cosmological solutions for this case are found and their respective importance for the description of the dark energy are discussed.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2013

Grad's moment method for relativistic gas mixtures of Maxwellian particles

Mixtures of relativistic gases are analyzed within the framework of Boltzmann equation by using Grad's moment method. A relativistic mixture of $r$ constituent is characterized by the moments of the distribution function: particle four-flows, energy-momentum tensors and third-order moment tensors. By using Eckart's decomposition and introducing $13r+1$ scalar fields -- related with the four-velocity, temperature of the mixture, particle number densities, diffusion fluxes, non-equilibrium pressures, heat fluxes and pressure deviator tensors -- Grad's distribution functions are obtained. Grad's distribution functions are used to determine the third-order tensors and their production terms for mixtures whose constituent's rest masses are not too disparate, so that it follows a system of $13r+1$ scalar field equations. By restricting to a binary mixture characterized by the six fields of partial particle number densities, four-velocity and temperature, the remainder 21 scalar equations are used to determine the constitutive equations for the non-equilibrium pressures, diffusion fluxes, pressure deviator tensors and heat fluxes. Hence the Navier-Stokes and generalized Fourier and Fick laws are obtained and the transport coefficients of bulk and shear viscosities, thermal conductivity, diffusion, thermal-diffusion and diffusion-thermal are determined. Furthermore, solutions of the relativistic field equations for the binary mixture are obtained in form of forced and free waves. In the low frequency limiting case the phase velocity and the attenuation coefficient are determined for forced waves. In the small wavenumber limiting case it is shown that there exist four longitudinal eigenmodes, two of them corresponding to propagating sound modes and two associated with non-propagating diffusive modes.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2012

The Boltzmann equation in special and general relativity

Relativistic field equations for a gas in special and general relativity are determined from the Boltzmann equation. The constitutive equations are obtained from the Chapman-Enskog methodology applied to a relativistic model equation proposed by Anderson and Witting. Two applications in general relativity are considered: one refers to a gas in a homogeneous and isotropic Universe where irreversible processes are present during its evolution; in the other it is analyzed a gas under the influence of a spherically symmetrical non-rotating and uncharged source of the gravitational field.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2012

Relativistic Ohm and Fourier laws for binary mixtures of electrons with protons and photons

Binary mixtures of electrons with protons and of electrons with photons subjected to external electromagnetic fields are analyzed by using the Anderson and Witting model equation. The relativistic laws of Ohm and Fourier are determined as well as general expressions for the electrical and thermal conductivities for relativistic ionized gas mixtures. Explicit expressions for the transport coefficients are given for the particular cases: a non-relativistic mixture of protons and non-degenerate electrons; an ultra-relativistic mixture of photons and non-degenerate electrons; a non-relativistic mixture of protons and completely degenerate electrons; an ultra-relativistic mixture of photons and completely degenerate electrons and a mixture of non-relativistic protons and ultra-relativistic completely degenerate electrons.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2012

Analysis of the Reaction Rate Coefficients for Slow Bimolecular Chemical Reactions

Simple bimolecular reactions $A_1+A_2\rightleftharpoons A_3+A_4$ are analyzed within the framework of the Boltzmann equation in the initial stage of a chemical reaction with the system far from chemical equilibrium. The Chapman-Enskog methodology is applied to determine the coefficients of the expansion of the distribution functions in terms of Sonine polynomials for peculiar molecular velocities. The results are applied to the reaction $H_2+Cl\rightleftharpoons HCl+H$, and the influence of the non-Maxwellian distribution and of the activation-energy dependent reactive cross sections upon the forward and reverse reaction rate coefficients are discussed.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2012

Cosmological models with interacting components and mass-varying neutrinos

A model for a homogeneous and isotropic spatially flat Universe, composed of baryons, radiation, neutrinos, dark matter and dark energy is analyzed. We infer that dark energy (considered to behave as a scalar field) interacts with dark matter (either by the Wetterich model, or by the Anderson and Carroll model) and with neutrinos by a model proposed by Brookfield et al.. The latter is understood to have a mass-varying behavior. We show that for a very-softly varying field, both interacting models for dark matter give the same results. The models reproduce the expected red-shift performances of the present behavior of the Universe.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2012

Fermions in a Walecka-type cosmology

A simplified Walecka-type model is investigated in a cosmological scenario. The model includes fermionic, scalar and vector fields as sources. It is shown that their interactions, taking place in a Robertson-Walker metric, could be responsible for the transition of accelerated-decelerated periods in the early universe and a current accelerated regime. It is also discussed the role of the fermionic field as the promoter of the accelerated regimes in the early and the late stages of the universe.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2011

Bulk viscous cosmological model with interacting dark fluids

The objective of the present work is to study a cosmological model for a spatially flat Universe whose constituents are a dark energy field and a matter field which includes baryons and dark matter. The constituents are supposed to be in interaction and irreversible processes are taken into account through the inclusion of a non-equilibrium pressure. The non-equilibrium pressure is considered to be proportional to the Hubble parameter within the framework of a first order thermodynamic theory. The dark energy and matter fields are coupled by their barotropic indexes, which are considered as functions of the ratio between their energy densities. The free parameters of the model are adjusted from the best fits of the Hubble parameter data. A comparison of the viscous model with the non-viscous one is performed. It is shown that the equality of the dark energy and matter density parameters and the decelerated-accelerated transition occur at earlier times when the irreversible processes are present. Furthermore, the density and deceleration parameters and the distance modulus have the correct behavior which is expected for a viable scenario of the present status of the Universe.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2011

Sonine approximation for collisional moments of granular gases of inelastic rough spheres

We consider a dilute granular gas of hard spheres colliding inelastically with coefficients of normal and tangential restitution $α$ and $β$, respectively. The basic quantities characterizing the distribution function $f(\mathbf{v},\bmω)$ of linear ($\mathbf{v}$) and angular ($\bmω$) velocities are the second-degree moments defining the translational ($T^\text{tr}$) and rotational ($T^\text{rot}$) temperatures. The deviation of $f$ from the Maxwellian distribution parameterized by $T^\text{tr}$ and $T^\text{rot}$ can be measured by the cumulants associated with the fourth-degree velocity moments. The main objective of this paper is the evaluation of the collisional rates of change of these second- and fourth-degree moments by means of a Sonine approximation. The results are subsequently applied to the computation of the temperature ratio $T^\text{rot}/T^\text{tr}$ and the cumulants of two paradigmatic states: the homogeneous cooling state and the homogeneous steady state driven by a white-noise stochastic thermostat. It is found in both cases that the Maxwellian approximation for the temperature ratio does not deviate much from the Sonine prediction. On the other hand, non-Maxwellian properties measured by the cumulants cannot be ignored, especially in the homogeneous cooling state for medium and small roughness. In that state, moreover, the cumulant directly related to the translational velocity differs in the quasi-smooth limit $β\to -1$ from that of pure smooth spheres ($β=-1$). This singular behavior is directly related to the unsteady character of the homogeneous cooling state and thus it is absent in the stochastic thermostat case.

cond-mat.soft↗

arXiv2010

Fermionic cosmologies with Yukawa type interactions

In this work we discuss if fermionic sources could be responsible for accelerated periods in a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker spatially flat universe, including a usual self-interaction potential of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio type together with a fermion-scalar interaction potential of the Yukawa type. The results show that the combination of these potentials could promote an initially accelerated period, going through a middle decelerated era, with a final eternal accelerated period, where the self-interaction contribution dominates.

gr-qc↗