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Guo-Liang Ma

Publications and source records attributed to Guo-Liang Ma.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

A transport model study of multiparticle cumulants in $p+p$ collisions at 13 TeV

Flow-like signals including the ridge structure observed in small collision systems that are similar to those in large collision systems have led to questions about the onset of collectivity in nuclear collisions. In this study, we use the string melting version of a multi-phase transport (AMPT) model with or without the sub-nucleon geometry for the proton to study multiparticle cumulants in $p+p$ collisions at 13 TeV. Both versions of the model produce negative $c_{2}\{4 \}$ values at high multiplicities. In addition, the dependence of $c_{2}\{4 \}$ on the parton cross section is non-monotonous, where only a range of parton cross section values leads to negative $c_{2} \{4 \}$. Furthermore, the AMPT model with sub-nucleon geometry better describes the multiplicity dependence of $c_{2} \{4 \}$, demonstrating the importance of incorporating the sub-nucleon geometry in studies of small collision systems.

nucl-th↗

Impact of nuclear structure on the CME background in $^{96}_{44}$Ru + $^{96}_{44}$Ru and $^{96}_{40}$Zr + $^{96}_{40}$Zr collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7 $\sim$ 200 GeV from a multiphase transport model

Impacts of nuclear structure on multiplicity ($N_{ch}$) and anisotropic flows ($v_{2}$ and $v_{3}$) in the isobaric collisions of $^{96}_{44}$Ru + $^{96}_{44}$Ru and $^{96}_{40}$Zr + $^{96}_{40}$Zr at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7, 27, 62.4 and 200 GeV are investigated by using the string melting version of A MultiPhase Transport (AMPT) model. In comparison with the experimental data released recently by the STAR collaboration, it is found that the impact of quadrupole deformation $β_{2}$ on the $v_{2}$ difference is mainly manifested in the most central collisions, while the octupole deformation $β_{3}$ is in the near-central collisions, and the neutron skin effect dominates in the mid-central collisions. Viewing from the energy dependence, these effects are magnified at lower energies.

nucl-th↗

Multiparticle azimuthal cumulants from transverse momentum conservation and collective flow

We calculate the $n$th order of $2k$-particle azimuthal cumulants $c_n\{2k\}$ based on transverse momentum conservation (TMC) and collective flow $v_n$(n=2,3). We demonstrate that the TMC effect only leads to a nonzero $c_n\{2k\}$ with the sign of $(-1)^{nk}$ and the magnitude inversely proportional to $(N-2k)^{nk}$. The interplay between TMC and collective flow can change the signs of $c_2\{4\}$, $c_3\{2\}$ and $c_3\{4\}$ at some values of multiplicity $N$, which could provide a good probe to study the onset of collectivity and search for the substructure of proton in small colliding systems.

nucl-th↗

Thermodynamics of partonic matter in relativistic heavy-ion collisions from a multiphase transport model

Using the string melting version of a multiphase transport model, we focus on the evolution of thermodynamic properties of the central cell of parton matter produced in Au$+$Au collisions ranging from 200 GeV down to 2.7 GeV. The temperature and chemical potentials have been calculated based on both Boltzmann and quantum statistics in order to locate their evolution trajectories in the QCD phase diagram. We demonstrate that the trajectories can depend on many physical factors, especially the finite nuclear thickness at lower energies. However, from the evolution of pressure anisotropy, only partial thermalization can be achieved when the partonic systems reach the predicted QCD phase boundary. It provides some helpful insights to studying the QCD phase structure through relativistic heavy-ion collisions.

nucl-th↗

Interpreting the charge-dependent flow and constraining the chiral magnetic wave with event shape engineering

The charge asymmetry (Ach) dependence of anisotropic flow serves as an important tool to search for the chiral magnetic wave (CMW) in heavy-ion collisions. However, the background effect, such as the local charge conservation (LCC) entwined with collective flow, has not yet been unambiguously eliminated in the measurement. With the help of two models, the AMPT with initial quadrupole moment and the blast wave (BW) incorporating LCC, we discuss the features of the LCC-induced and the CMW-induced correlations between Ach and the flow. More importantly, we first propose to use the Event Shape Engineering (ESE) technique to distinguish the background and the signal for the CMW study. This method would be highly desirable in the experimental search for the CMW and provides more insights for understanding the charge-dependent collective motion of the quark-gluon plasma.

nucl-th↗

Study on higher moments of net-charge multiplicity distributions using a multiphase transport model

The moments and moment products of conserved charges are believed to be sensitive to critical fluctuations, which have been adopted in determining the QCD critical point. Using a dynamical multiphase transport model, we reproduce the centrality and energy dependences of moments and moment products of net-charge multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions measured by the Beam Energy Scan program at the RHIC. No non-monotonic energy dependence is observed. We infer that the moment products develop during the dynamical evolution of heavy-ion collisions. The observed difference based on the expectation of the Poisson baseline indicates a positive two-particle correlation between positively and negatively charged particles, which can arise from different dynamical processes at different stages. Therefore, to adopt moments and moment products of net-charge multiplicity distributions in determining the QCD critical point of relativistic heavy-ion collisions, it is essential to take the dynamical evolution.

nucl-th↗

Electromagnetic fields from the extended Kharzeev-McLerran-Warringa model in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Based on the Kharzeev-McLerran-Warringa (KMW) model that estimates strong electromagnetic (EM) fields generated in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, we generalize the formulas of EM fields in the vacuum by incorporating the longitudinal position dependence, the generalized charge distributions and retardation correction. We further generalize the formulas of EM fields in the pure quark-gluon plasma (QGP) medium by incorporating a constant Ohm electric conductivity and also during the realistic early-time stages QGP evolution by using a time-dependent electric conductivity. Using the extended KMW model, we observe a slower time evolution and a more reasonable impact parameter $b$ dependence of the magnetic field strength than those from the original KMW model in the vacuum. The inclusion of medium effects by using the lattice data helps to further prolong the time evolution of magnetic field, such that the magnetic field strength during the realistic QGP evolution at thermal freeze-out time can meet the $1σ$ bound constrained from experimentally measured difference in global polarizations of $Λ$ and $\barΛ$ hyperons in Au+Au collisions at top RHIC energy. These generalized formulations in the extended KMW model will be potentially useful for many EM fields relevant studies in heavy-ion collisions, especially at lower colliding energies and for various species of colliding nuclei.

nucl-th↗

Thermal photons as a sensitive probe of $α$-cluster in C+Au collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

Different orientations of $α$-clustered carbon nuclei colliding with heavy ions can result in a large variation in the value of anisotropic flow. Thus, photon flow observables from clustered ${\rm^{12}C}$ and ${\rm^{197}Au}$ collisions could be a potential probe to study the `direct photon puzzle'. We calculate the transverse momentum spectra and anisotropic flow coefficients ($v_n$) of thermal photons from collisions of triangular $α$-clustered carbon and gold at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=200$ GeV at RHIC using a hydrodynamic model framework and compare the results with those obtained from unclustered carbon and gold collisions. The slope of the thermal photon spectra is found to vary moderately for different orientations of collisions. However, we find that the elliptic ($v_2$) and triangular flow ($v_3$) coefficients of direct photons for specific configurations are significantly larger and predominantly formed by the QGP radiation. A strong anti-correlation between initial spatial ellipticity and triangularity is observed in an event-by-event framework of $α$-clustered ${\rm C+Au}$ collisions. These special features provide us an opportunity to detect the exotic nature of cluster structure inside carbon nucleus using the photon probe in the future experiments.

nucl-th↗

Parton collisional effect on the conversion of geometry eccentricities into momentum anisotropies in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

We explore parton collisional effects on the conversion of geometry eccentricities into azimuthal anisotropies in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV using a multi-phase transport model. The initial eccentricity $\varepsilon_{n}$ (n = 2,3) and flow harmonics $v_{n}$ (n = 2,3) are investigated as a function of the number of parton collisions ($N_{coll}$) during the source evolution of partonic phase. It is found that partonic collisions leads to generate elliptic flow $v_{2}$ and triangular flow $v_{3}$ in Pb+Pb collisions. On the other hand, partonic collisions also result in an evolution of the eccentricity of geometry. The collisional effect on the flow conversion efficiency is therefore studied. We find that the partons with larger $N_{coll}$ show a lower flow conversion efficiency, which reflect differential behaviors with respect to $N_{coll}$. It provides an additional insight into the dynamics of the space-momentum transformation during the QGP evolution from a transport model point of view.

nucl-th↗

Recent developments in chiral and spin polarization effects in heavy-ion collisions

We give a brief overview of recent theoretical and experimental results on the chiral magnetic effect and spin polarization effect in heavy-ion collisions. We present updated experimental results for the chiral magnetic effect and related phenomena. The time evolution of the magnetic fields in different models is discussed. The newly developed quantum kinetic theory for massive fermions is reviewed. We present theoretical and experimental results for the polarization of $Λ$ hyperons and the $ρ_{00}$ value of vector mesons.

hep-ph↗

Validation and improvement of the ZPC parton cascade inside a box

Cascade solutions of the Boltzmann equation suffer from causality violation at large densities and/or scattering cross sections. Although the particle subdivision technique can reduce the causality violation, it alters event-by-event correlations and fluctuations and is also computationally expensive. Here we evaluate and then improve the accuracy of the ZPC parton cascade for elastic scatterings inside a box without using parton subdivision. We first test different collision schemes for the collision times and ordering time and find that the default collision scheme does not accurately describe the equilibrium momentum distribution at large opacities. We then find a specific collision scheme that can describe very accurately the equilibrium momentum distribution as well as the time evolution towards equilibrium, even at large opacities. We also calculate the shear viscosity and the $η/s$ ratio of the parton systems and confirm that the new collision scheme is more accurate. In addition, we use a novel parton subdivision method to obtain the "exact" evolution of the system. This subdivision method is valid for such box calculations and is so much more efficient than the standard subdivision method that we use a subdivision factor of $10^6$ in this study.

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The ion-deposited energy formulas and their applications for the interaction of various energetic ions with carbon nanostructures

Based on Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of the interaction of energetic noble gas ions with carbon nanostructures, we have derived the ion-deposited energy formulas and their applications for the above interaction. We also have studied the nuclear point mass effects i.e. the well-known mass ratio effects, and the nuclear point charge effects on the ion-deposited energy then the damage regularities. In particular, we, for first time, find a straight line of the penetrating point threshold energies for energetic noble gas ions. Near this straight line, the nuclear point charge effects dominate the ion-deposited energy then the damage regularities.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

An extended $R^{(2)}_{Ψ_m}(ΔS_2)$ correlator for detecting and characterizing the Chiral Magnetic Wave

The extended $R^{(2)}_{Ψ_{m}}(ΔS_{2})$ correlator is presented and examined for its efficacy to detect and characterize the quadrupole charge separation ($ΔS_{2}$) associated with the purported Chiral Magnetic Wave (CMW) produced in heavy-ion collisions. Sensitivity tests involving varying degrees of proxy CMW signals injected into events simulated with the Multi-Phase Transport Model (AMPT), show that the $R^{(2)}_{Ψ_{m}}(ΔS_{2})$ correlator provides discernible responses for the background- and CMW-driven charge separation. This distinction could aid identification of the CMW via measurements of the $R^{(2)}_{Ψ_{2}}(ΔS_{2})$ and $R^{(2)}_{Ψ_{3}}(ΔS_{2})$ correlators, relative to the second- ($Ψ_2$) and third-order ($Ψ_3$) event planes. The tests also indicate a level of sensitivity that would allow for robust experimental characterization of the CMW signal.

nucl-ex↗

A sensitivity study of the primary correlators used to characterize chiral-magnetically-driven charge separation

A Multi-Phase Transport (AMPT) model is used to study the detection sensitivity of two of the primary correlators -- $Δγ$ and $R_{Ψ_{2}}$ -- employed to characterize charge separation induced by the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME). The study, performed relative to several event planes for different input "CME signals", indicates a detection threshold for the fraction $f_{\rm CME}=Δγ_{\rm CME}/Δγ$, which renders the $Δγ$-correlator insensitive to values of the Fourier dipole coefficient $a_1 \lesssim 2.5\%$, that is larger than the purported signal(signal difference) for ion-ion(isobaric) collisions. By contrast, the $R_{Ψ_{2}}$ correlator indicates concave-shaped distributions with inverse widths ($\mathrm{σ^{-1}_{R_{Ψ_2}}}$) that are linearly proportional to $a_1$, and independent of the character of the event plane used for their extraction. The sensitivity of the $R_{Ψ_{2}}$ correlator to minimal CME-driven charge separation in the presence of realistic backgrounds, could aid better characterization of the CME in heavy-ion collisions.

nucl-ex↗

Sensitivity analysis of the chiral magnetic effect observables using a multiphase transport model

Because the traditional observable of charge-dependent azimuthal correlator $γ$ contains both contributions from the chiral magnetic effect (CME) and its background, a new observable of $R_{Ψ_{m}}$ has been recently proposed which is expected to be able to distinguish the CME from the background. In this study, we apply two methods to calculate $R_{Ψ_{m}}$ using a multiphase transport model without or with introducing a percentage of CME-induced charge separation. We demonstrate that the shape of final $R_{Ψ_{2}}$ distribution is flat for the case without the CME, but concave for that with an amount of the CME, because the initial CME signal survives from strong final state interactions. By comparing the responses of $R_{Ψ_{2}}$ and $γ$ to the strength of the initial CME, we observe that two observables show different nonlinear sensitivities to the CME. We find that the shape of $R_{Ψ_{2}}$ has an advantage in measuring a small amount of the CME, although it requires large event statistics.

nucl-th↗

Novel mechanism for electric quadrupole moment generation in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

We present the spatial distributions of electromagnetic fields ($\bf E$ and $\bf B$) and electromagnetic anomaly $ \bf E \cdot B$ in Au+Au collisions at the RHIC energy $\sqrt{s}$=200 GeV based on a multi-phase transport model. A dipolar distribution of $\bf E \cdot B$ is observed in non-central collisions. We find that the coupling of the $\bf E \cdot B$ dipole and magnetic field $\bf B$ can induce an electric quadrupole moment which can further lead to the difference in elliptic flows between positive charged particles and negative charged particles through final interactions. The centrality dependence of the density of $\bf E \cdot B$ is similar to the trend of the slope parameter $r$ measured from the difference in elliptic flows between positive pions and negative pions by the STAR collaboration. Therefore, the novel mechanism for electric quadrupole moment generation can offer a new interpretation of the observed charge-dependent elliptic flow of pions, but without the formation of chiral magnetic wave.

hep-ph↗

Impact of magnetic-field fluctuations on measurements of the chiral magnetic effect in collisions of isobaric nuclei

We investigate the properties of electromagnetic fields in isobaric $_{44}^{96}\textrm{Ru}+\,_{44}^{96}\textrm{Ru}$ and $_{40}^{96}\textrm{Zr}+\,_{40}^{96}\textrm{Zr}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 200 GeV by using a multiphase transport model, with special emphasis on the correlation between magnetic field direction and participant plane angle $Ψ_{2}$ (or spectator plane angle $Ψ_{2}^{\rm SP}$), i.e. $\langle{\rm cos}\ 2(Ψ_B - Ψ_{2})\rangle$ [or $\langle{\rm cos}\ 2(Ψ_B - Ψ_{2}^{\rm SP})\rangle$]. We confirm that the magnetic fields of $_{44}^{96}\textrm{Ru}+\,_{44}^{96}\textrm{Ru}$ collisions are stronger than those of $_{40}^{96}\textrm{Zr}+\,_{40}^{96}\textrm{Zr}$ collisions due to their larger proton fraction. We find that the deformation of nuclei has a non-negligible effect on $\langle{\rm cos}\ 2(Ψ_B - Ψ_{2})\rangle$ especially in peripheral events. Because the magnetic-field direction is more strongly correlated with $Ψ_{2}^{\rm SP}$ than with $Ψ_{2}$, the relative difference of the chiral magnetic effect observable with respect to $Ψ_{2}^{\rm SP}$ is expected to be able to reflect much cleaner information about the chiral magnetic effect with less influences of deformation.

hep-ph↗

Extracting jet transport parameter $\hat{q}$ from a multiphase transport model

Within a multi-phase transport model with string melting scenario, jet transport parameter $\hat{q}$ is calculated in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN} } $= 200 GeV and Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN} } $= 2.76 TeV. The $\hat{q}$ increases with the increasing of jet energy for both partonic phase and hadronic phase. The energy and path length dependences of $\hat{q}$ in full heavy-ion evolution are consistent with the expectations of jet quenching. The correlation between jet transport parameter $\hat{q}$ and dijet transverse momentum asymmetry $A_{J}$ is mainly investigated, which discloses that a larger $\hat{q}$ corresponds to a larger $A_{J}$. It supports a consistent jet energy loss picture from the two viewpoints of single jet and dijet. It is proposed to measure dijet asymmetry distributions with different jet transport parameter ranges as a new potential method to study jet quenching physics in high energy heavy-ion collisions.

hep-ph↗