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H. Denizli

Publications and source records attributed to H. Denizli.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Probing the limits on anomalous quartic gauge couplings via $ZZ\gamma$ production in the $\ell\ell\nu\nu\gamma$ channel at FCC-hh

In this study, the sensitivity to anomalous quartic gauge couplings (aQGCs) is projected via $pp \rightarrow ZZ\gamma$ production in the 100 TeV proton-proton Future Circular Collider - hadron-hadron (FCC-hh) for an integrated luminosity of 30 ab$^{-1}$. The $\ell\ell\nu\nu\gamma$ final state under consideration consists of a same-flavor, opposite-sign lepton pair (electrons or muons) from one $Z$ boson, the invisible decay of the other $Z$ boson into neutrinos, and an accompanying photon. The FCC-hh detector response and its effects on the reconstructed objects are included through a realistic detector simulation. Three multivariate techniques are employed to separate the signal from the relevant SM backgrounds. Unitarity is preserved by a strict, operator-dependent bound on the total transverse mass ($M_T^{tot}$) of the system. The median expected significances are calculated within the Asimov approximation for one anomalous coupling varied at a time and for background systematic uncertainties between 0\% and 10\%. The highest separation power is obtained with the deep neural network method. The resulting 95\% confidence level limits on $|f_{T0}/\Lambda^{4}|$, $|f_{T8}/\Lambda^{4}|$, $|f_{T9}/\Lambda^{4}|$ and $|f_{M2}/\Lambda^{4}|$ in the combined $e+\mu$ channel without systematic uncertainties are $2.83\times 10^{-3}$, $1.65\times 10^{-3}$, $3.81\times 10^{-3}$ and $8.97\times 10^{-3}$ TeV$^{-4}$, respectively. We have an order of magnitude improvement when compared to current LHC limits with the assumption of 5\% systematic uncertainty.

hep-ph

Sensitivity to top-quark FCNC interactions at future muon colliders

We investigate flavor-changing neutral current (FCNC) interactions of the top quark at a future muon collider operating at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=10~\mathrm{TeV}$. The process $\mu^{+}\mu^{-}\rightarrow\nu_{\mu}\,\mu^{+}\,b\,j$ together with its charge-conjugate channel is considered as a probe of anomalous $tqZ$ and $tq\gamma$ interactions within a model-independent effective field theory framework. Starting from the most general FCNC Lagrangian, we examine the contributions of vector and tensor operators as well as the chiral structure of the anomalous interactions. Owing to the strong chiral suppression of the right-handed contributions at multi-TeV energies, the detector-level sensitivity analysis is performed for the left-handed tensor couplings. Signal and Standard Model background events are generated using a complete Monte Carlo simulation chain, including matrix-element generation, parton showering and hadronization with \texttt{Pythia}, and fast detector simulation with \texttt{Delphes} using a dedicated $10$~TeV muon collider detector card. Signal discrimination is optimized through a boosted decision tree (BDT) analysis employing an extended set of kinematic observables. Assuming an integrated luminosity of $10~\mathrm{ab}^{-1}$, we derive projected exclusion and discovery sensitivities from a simultaneous two-dimensional scan of the real and imaginary components of the anomalous left-handed couplings $\kappa_{qt}^{L}$ and $\lambda_{qt}^{L}$. The obtained limits reach the $\mathcal{O}(10^{-3})$ level for the effective couplings, corresponding to branching-ratio sensitivities of $\mathcal{O}(10^{-6})$ for the rare decays $t\rightarrow qZ$ and $t\rightarrow q\gamma$. These projections improve the current experimental limits from the ATLAS and CMS collaborations by approximately one order of magnitude.

hep-ph

Constraints on Anomalous Quartic Gauge Couplings via $\gamma\gamma$ and $Z\gamma$ Vector Boson Scattering at Muon Colliders

In the Standard Model, the couplings between gauge bosons are tightly constrained by the principles of gauge symmetry and renormalizability. However, the presence of anomalous couplings suggests the possibility of new physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). In this study, we focus on the sensitivities of anomalous quartic gauge couplings (aQGCs), specially the dimension-8 operators associated with field-strength tensor structures within the effective field theory (EFT) framework, at future Muon Colliders. Our analysis targets the neutral aQGC-sensitive processes $\mu^{+}\mu^{-} \to \mu^+ \gamma \gamma \mu^-$ and $\mu^{+} \mu^{-} \to \mu^+ Z \gamma \mu^-$, simulated at center-of-mass energies of 3 TeV and 10 TeV. Signal and background events are generated using {\sc MadGraph5\_aMC@NLO}, interfaced with Pythia8 for parton showering and hadronization, and Delphes for fast detector simulation. A multivariate analysis based on Boosted Decision Trees (BDTs) is employed to enhance signal-to-background discrimination, utilizing a comprehensive set of kinematic and reconstructed observables from the final-state particles. Unitarity is preserved through the application of an energy-dependent clipping procedure within the EFT validity regime. Our findings indicate that future muon colliders offer significant sensitivity improvements over current experimental constraints on aQGCs. Furthermore, a comparison with other future collider scenarios shows that the 10 TeV Muon Collider, even with a 10\% systematic uncertainty, provides substantially stronger projected limits at 95\% confidence level than those currently reported by the ATLAS collaboration at the LHC as well as projected limits by future hadron colliders. These results underscore the enhanced potential of high-energy muon collider to probe new physics in the electroweak sector through precision measurements of aQGCs.

hep-ph

Search for new physics effects in $\nu\bar{\nu}\gamma$ production at a Tera-Z factory

Rare decays of the Z boson provide a sensitive probe for physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). This study investigates the $e^{+}e^{-} \to Z \to \nu\bar{\nu}\gamma$ process within the context of the Tera-Z programmes at future colliders such as the FCC-ee and CEPC. The SM predicts a one-loop branching ratio of $7.16 \times 10^{-10}$ for $Z \to \nu\bar{\nu}\gamma$, a value four times smaller than the current experimental limit from the LEP. To explore this window for new physics, we parameterize anomalous $Z\nu\bar{\nu}\gamma$ interactions using an Effective Field Theory framework, considering both dimension-6 and dimension-8 operators. A detailed simulation is performed by generating signal and background events with MadGraph, modeling particle showers with Pythia, and simulating detector effects with Delphes. The analysis employs key kinematic variables-including the photon energy ($E_\gamma$), missing transverse energy ($\not{E}_T$), and the missing transverse energy significance ($S_{\not{E}_T}$) to isolate the signal. The results yield upper limits on the anomalous couplings, from which we infer branching ratios for $Z \to \nu\bar{\nu}\gamma$ on the order of $10^{-9}$. This represents a significant improvement of several orders of magnitude over the LEP sensitivity. Consequently, this study demonstrates the unique potential of the Tera-Z runs not only to test the SM loop-level predictions with unprecedented precision but also to tightly constrain or reveal new anomalous interactions.

hep-ph

ECFA Higgs, electroweak, and top Factory Study

The ECFA Higgs, electroweak, and top Factory Study ran between 2021 and 2025 as a broad effort across the experimental and theoretical particle physics communities, bringing together participants from many different proposed future collider projects. Activities across three main working groups advanced the joint development of tools and analysis techniques, fostered new considerations of detector design and optimisation, and led to a new set of studies resulting in improved projected sensitivities across a wide physics programme. This report demonstrates the significant expansion in the state-of-the-art understanding of the physics potential of future e+e- Higgs, electroweak, and top factories, and has been submitted as input to the 2025 European Strategy for Particle Physics Update.

hep-ex

The Linear Collider Facility (LCF) at CERN

In this paper we outline a proposal for a Linear Collider Facility as the next flagship project for CERN. It offers the opportunity for a timely, cost-effective and staged construction of a new collider that will be able to comprehensively map the Higgs boson's properties, including the Higgs field potential, thanks to a large span in centre-of-mass energies and polarised beams. A comprehensive programme to study the Higgs boson and its closest relatives with high precision requires data at centre-of-mass energies from the Z pole to at least 1 TeV. It should include measurements of the Higgs boson in both major production mechanisms, ee -> ZH and ee -> vvH, precision measurements of gauge boson interactions as well as of the W boson, Higgs boson and top-quark masses, measurement of the top-quark Yukawa coupling through ee ->ttH, measurement of the Higgs boson self-coupling through HH production, and precision measurements of the electroweak couplings of the top quark. In addition, ee collisions offer discovery potential for new particles complementary to HL-LHC.

hep-ex

A Linear Collider Vision for the Future of Particle Physics

In this paper we review the physics opportunities at linear $e^+e^-$ colliders with a special focus on high centre-of-mass energies and beam polarisation, take a fresh look at the various accelerator technologies available or under development and, for the first time, discuss how a facility first equipped with a technology mature today could be upgraded with technologies of tomorrow to reach much higher energies and/or luminosities. In addition, we will discuss detectors and alternative collider modes, as well as opportunities for beyond-collider experiments and R\&D facilities as part of a linear collider facility (LCF). The material of this paper will support all plans for $e^+e^-$ linear colliders and additional opportunities they offer, independently of technology choice or proposed site, as well as R\&D for advanced accelerator technologies. This joint perspective on the physics goals, early technologies and upgrade strategies has been developed by the LCVision team based on an initial discussion at LCWS2024 in Tokyo and a follow-up at the LCVision Community Event at CERN in January 2025. It heavily builds on decades of achievements of the global linear collider community, in particular in the context of CLIC and ILC.

hep-ex

Constraints on Anomalous Quartic Gauge Couplings via Electroweak Production of $\gamma\gamma jj$ at Future Proton-Proton Colliders

The investigation of quartic gauge couplings provides a crucial test of the Standard Model and serves as a potential window into new physics at higher energy scales. Within the framework of Effective Field Theory, deviations from the SM can be parameterized through dimension-8 operators. In this study, we analyze the process $pp \rightarrow \gamma\gamma jj$ at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) and the Future Circular Collider in hadron mode (FCC-hh) to probe the sensitivity to anomalous quartic gauge couplings (aQGCs), particularly $f_{T8}/\Lambda^4$ and $f_{T9}/\Lambda^4$. Monte Carlo simulations of signal and relevent backgrouds are performed using MadGraph for event generation, Pythia for parton showering and hadronization, and Delphes for detector simulation. A multivariate analysis based on Boosted Decision Trees is employed to optimize the signal-to-background discrimination, incorporating a comprehensive set of kinematic and reconstructed variables of the final state particles. Additionally, we evaluate unitarity-violating effects associated with dimension-8 operators by imposing energy cutoffs on the di-photon invariant mass. The expected exclusion and discovery significances are computed, accounting for systematic uncertainties to ensure a realistic assessment of collider reach. Our findings indicate that the FCC-hh offers significantly improved sensitivity compared to the HL-LHC and current experimental results by ATLAS, reinforcing its potential for probing aQGCs. Notably, even under a 10\% systematic uncertainty, our projected limits for FCC-hh at 95\% confidence level surpass the current best constraints reported by the ATLAS collaboration, highlighting the enhanced discovery prospects at future high-energy colliders.

hep-ph

Constraints on $\tau$ electromagnetic moments via tau pair production at the Muon colliders

The anomalous magnetic ($\tilde{a}_\tau$) and electric dipole ($\tilde{d}_\tau$) moment of tau lepton described in $\tau\bar{\tau}\gamma$ vertices are studied via $\mu^{+}\mu^{-} \rightarrow \tau^+\bar{\tau}^-$ process at the Muon colliders designed with the proposed center-of-mass-energy / integrated luminosity configurations of 3 TeV/ 1 ab$^{-1}$ and 10 TeV/ 10 ab$^{-1}$.We obtained the $95\%$ confidence level limits on the $\tilde{a}_\tau$ and $\tilde{d}_\tau$ parameters without and with systematic uncertainty of $10\%$ and compared with the experimental results.The most stringent limits on the anomalous couplings without systematic uncertainty are $-2.63\times10^{-4}< \tilde{a}_\tau <2. 65\times10^{-4}$ and $\mid \tilde{d}_\tau \mid \leq 1.47\times10^{-18} e cm$ at $\sqrt s =10$ TeV and $L_{int}$=10 ab$^{-1}$ option of the Muon collider. Our results show that the Muon colliders lead to a remarkable improvement on the current experimental limits of the anomalous magnetic and electric dipole moments of the tau lepton.

hep-ph

MALTA-Cz: A radiation hard full-size monolithic CMOS sensor with small electrodes on high-resistivity Czochralski substrate

Depleted Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (DMAPS) sensors developed in the Tower Semiconductor 180 nm CMOS imaging process have been designed in the context of the ATLAS ITk upgrade Phase-II at the HL-LHC and for future collider experiments. The "MALTA-Czochralski (MALTA-Cz)" full size DMAPS sensor has been developed with the goal to demonstrate a radiation hard, thin CMOS sensor with high granularity, high hit-rate capability, fast response time and superior radiation tolerance. The small pixel size ($36.4\times 36.4$~$μ$m$^2$) provides high spatial resolution. Its asynchronous readout architecture is designed for high hit-rates and fast time response in triggered and trigger-less detector applications. The readout architecture is designed to stream all hit data to the multi-channel output which allows an off-sensor trigger formation and the use of hit-time information for event tagging. The sensor manufacturing has been optimised through process adaptation and special implant designs to allow the manufacturing of small electrode DMAPS on thick high-resistivity p-type Czochralski substrate. The special processing ensures excellent charge collection and charge particle detection efficiency even after a high level of radiation. Furthermore the special implant design and use of a Czochralski substrate improves the sensor's time resolution. This paper presents a summary of sensor design optimisation through process and implant choices and TCAD simulation to model the signal response. Beam and laboratory test results on unirradiated and irradiated sensors have shown excellent detection efficiency after a dose of $2\times10^{15}$ 1 MeV n$_{eq}$/cm$^{2}$. The time resolution of the sensor is measured to be $σ=2$~ns.

physics.ins-det

Probing the electromagnetic properties of the neutrinos at future lepton colliders

In this study, we explore the non-standard $ν\barνγγ$ couplings parametrized by dimension-seven operators via $e^{+}e^{-} \to ν\barνγ$ process at the FCC-ee/CEPC and $μ^{+}μ^{-}\toν\barνγ$ process at the Muon Colliders. For the detailed Monte Carlo simulation, all signal and relevant background events are produced within the framework of Madgraph where non-standard $ν\barνγγ$ couplings are implemented. After passing through Pythia for parton showering and hadronization, detector effects are included via tuned corresponding detector cards for each collider in Delphes. Projected sensitivities on $ν\barνγγ$ couplings are obtained at a 5$σ$ confidence level without and with $5\%$ systematic uncertainties for the FCC-ee/CEPC and the Muon Colliders, showcasing the complementarity between lepton colliders. Our best limit on the anomalous $ν\barνγγ$ couplings even with 5\% systematic uncertainties for muon collider with $\sqrt{s}=10$ TeV and $L_{int}=3$ ab$^{-1}$ are found to be thirteen orders of magnitude stronger than the upper bound obtained from rare decay $Z\toγγν\barν$ analysis using LEP data.

hep-ph

Search for the electromagnetic properties of the neutrinos at the HL-LHC and the FCC-hh

The $ν\barνγγ$ couplings parametrized with the non-standard dimension-seven operators defined by the Effective Field Theory framework are investigated through the process $pp\to ν\barνγ$ at the High Luminosity-LHC and the Future Circular proton-proton Collider. The effective Lagrangian of $ν\barνγγ$ couplings is implemented into FeynRules to generate a UFO module inserted into Madgraph to generate both background and signal events. These events are then passed through Pythia 8 for parton showering and Delphes to include realistic detector effects. The sensitivities on $ν\barνγγ$ couplings are obtained at $95\%$ confidence level. We show that the analysis of the signal emerging from the process $pp\to ν\barνγ$ allows to improve constraints on $ν\barνγγ$ couplings given by the LEP collaboration.

hep-ph

Sensitivity of anomalous quartic gauge couplings via tri-photon production at FCC-hh

A direct investigation of the self-couplings of gauge bosons, completely described by the non-Abelian gauge symmetry of the Standard Model, is extremely valuable in understanding the gauge structure of the SM. Any deviation from the SM predictions on gauge boson self-coupling is to give a hint at the existence of a new physics beyond the SM, which is defined with a modification of the self-interactions using an effective field theory approach. In this paper, we present a detailed Monte Carlo study searching for anomalous quartic gauge dimension-8 couplings related to $\gamma\gamma\gamma\gamma$ and $\gamma\gamma\gamma Z$ vertices at the future hadron-hadron collider (FCC-hh) via tri-photon production at a 100 TeV center of mass energy with an integrated luminosity L$_{int}$=30 ab$^{-1}$. Events that have been parton showered and include detector effects are analyzed with a Toolkit for Multivariate Data Analysis (TMVA) using a boosted decision tree to help distinguish between signal and background events to achieve the best sensitivities on anomalous quartic gauge couplings. Our obtained results reveal that the limits on anomalous quartic gauge couplings $f_{T8}/\Lambda^{4}$ and $f_{T9}/\Lambda^{4}$ at 95\% C.L. without systematic errors are about three orders of magnitude stronger compared to the best current experimental limits reported by the ATLAS collaboration at the LHC. Considering a realistic systematic uncertainty such as 10\% from possible experimental sources, our obtained limits of anomalous quartic couplings get worse by about one order of magnitude compared to those without systematic uncertainty but are still two orders of magnitude better than those recently reported by ATLAS.

hep-ph

Timing performance of radiation hard MALTA monolithic Pixel sensors

The MALTA family of Depleted Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (DMAPS) produced in Tower 180 nm CMOS technology targets radiation hard applications for the HL-LHC and beyond. Several process modifications and front-end improvements have resulted in radiation hardness up to $2 \times 10^{15}~1~\text{MeV}~\text{n}_{eq}/\text{cm}^2$ and time resolution below 2 ns, with uniform charge collection efficiency across the Pixel of size $36.4 \times 36.4~μ\text{m}^2$ with a $3~μ\text{m}^2$ electrode size. The MALTA2 demonstrator produced in 2021 on high-resistivity epitaxial silicon and on Czochralski substrates implements a new cascoded front-end that reduces the RTS noise and has a higher gain. This contribution shows results from MALTA2 on timing resolution at the nanosecond level from the CERN SPS test-beam campaign of 2021.

physics.ins-det

Model-independent study on the anomalous $ZZγ$ and $Zγγ$ couplings at the future muon collider

In this study, we investigate the potential of $μ^{-} μ^{+}\to Zγ\to ν\barνγ$ process at the future muon collider with a center-of-mass energy of 3 TeV to examine the anomalous $ZZγ$ and $Zγγ$ neutral triple gauge couplings defining $CP$-conserving $C_{\widetilde{B}W}/{Λ^4}$ coupling and three $CP$-violating $C_{BB}/{Λ^4}$, $C_{BW}/{Λ^4}$, $C_{WW}/{Λ^4}$ couplings. All signal and relevant background events are generated in MadGraph and passed through Pythia for parton showering and hadronization. Detector effects are also considered via tuned muon detector cards in Delphes. The effects of systematic uncertainties of $0\%$, $3\%$ and $5\%$ on the sensitivities are studied. The best sensitivities obtained from the process $μ^{-} μ^{+}\to Zγ\to ν\barνγ$ are $[-6.53;6.64]\times10^{-2}$ TeV$^{-4}$ on $CP$-conserving $C_{\widetilde{B}W}/{Λ^4}$ coupling and $[-2.47;2.47]\times10^{-2}$ TeV$^{-4}$, $[-8.46;8.46]\times10^{-2}$ TeV$^{-4}$ and $[-2.20;2.20]\times10^{-1}$ TeV$^{-4}$ on $CP$-conserving $C_{BB}/{Λ^4}$, $C_{BW}/{Λ^4}$, $C_{WW}/{Λ^4}$ couplings , respectively. Our obtained results on the anomalous neutral gauge couplings set more stringent sensitivity, ranging between 5 and 15 times than the current experimental results while slightly better than the phenomenological studies at future pp colliders such as the HL-LHC, the HE-LHC and the FCC-hh, respectively. On the other hand, we can see that the bounds on the anomalous neutral gauge couplings expected to be obtained for the future $e^{-}e^{+}$ colliders such as the CLIC are roughly 2 times better than our results.

hep-ph

Sensitivity of Anomalous Quartic Gauge Couplings via $Zγγ$ Production at Future hadron-hadron Colliders

Triple gauge boson production provides a promising opportunity to probe the anomalous quartic gauge couplings in understanding the details of electroweak symmetry breaking at future hadron-hadron collider facilities with increasing center of mass energy and luminosity. In this paper, we investigate the sensitivities of dimension-8 anomalous couplings related to the $ZZγγ$ and $Zγγγ$ quartic vertices, defined in the effective field theory framework, via $pp\to Zγγ$ signal process with Z-boson decaying to charged leptons at the high luminosity phase of LHC (HL-LHC) and future facilities, namely the High Energy LHC (HE-LHC) and Future Circular hadron-hadron collider (FCC-hh). We analyzed the signal and relevant backgrounds via a cut based method with Monte Carlo event sampling where the detector responses of three hadron collider facilities, the center-of-mass energies of 14, 27 and 100 TeV with an integrated luminosities of 3, 15 and 30 ab$^{-1}$ are considered for the HL-LHC, HE-LHC and FCC-hh, respectively. The reconstructed 4-body invariant mass of $l^+l^-γγ$ system is used to constrain the anomalous quartic gauge coupling parameters under the hypothesis of absence of anomalies in triple gauge couplings. Our results indicate that the sensitivity on anomalous quartic couplings $f_{T8}/Λ^{4}$ and $f_{T9}/Λ^{4}$ ($f_{T0}/Λ^{4}$, $f_{T1}/Λ^{4}$ and $f_{T2}/Λ^{4}$) at 95$\%$ C.L. for FCC-hh with $L_{int}$ = 30 ab$^{-1}$ without systematic errors are two (one) order better than the current experimental limits. Considering a realistic systematic uncertainty such as 10$\%$ from possible experimental sources, the sensitivity of all anomalous quartic couplings gets worsen by about 1.2$\%$, 1.7$\%$ and 1.5$\%$ compared to those without systematic uncertainty for HL-LHC, HE-LHC and FCC-hh, respectively.

hep-ph

A Muon Collider Facility for Physics Discovery

Muon colliders provide a unique route to deliver high energy collisions that enable discovery searches and precision measurements to extend our understanding of the fundamental laws of physics. The muon collider design aims to deliver physics reach at the highest energies with costs, power consumption and on a time scale that may prove favorable relative to other proposed facilities. In this context, a new international collaboration has formed to further extend the design concepts and performance studies of such a machine. This effort is focused on delivering the elements of a $\sim$10 TeV center of mass (CM) energy design to explore the physics energy frontier. The path to such a machine may pass through lower energy options. Currently a 3 TeV CM stage is considered. Other energy stages could also be explored, e.g. an s-channel Higgs Factory operating at 125 GeV CM. We describe the status of the R&D and design effort towards such a machine and lay out a plan to bring these concepts to maturity as a tool for the high energy physics community.

physics.acc-ph

Sensitivity reach on anomalous Higgs couplings via triphoton production for the post-LHC circular high-energy hadron colliders

The potential of triphoton production to obtain limits on anomalous Higgs boson couplings at $Hγγ$ and $HZγ$ vertices is studied in Standard Model Effective Field Theory (EFT) framework for the post-LHC circular high-energy hadron colliders: High Luminosity-LHC (HL-LHC), High Energy LHC (HE-LHC) and Low Energy FCC (LE-FCC) which are designed with standard configurations of 14 TeV/3 ab$^{-1}$, 27 TeV/15 ab$^{-1}$ and 37.5 TeV/15 ab$^{-1}$. Madgraph in which the effective Lagrangian of the SM EFT is implemented using FeynRules and UFO framework is used to generate both background and signal events. These events are then passed through Pythia 8 for parton showering and Delphes to include realistic detector effects. After optimizing cuts on kinematics of three photons as well as the reconstructed invariant mass of the two leading photons, invariant mass of three leading photon is used to obtain constraints on the Wilson coefficients of dimension-six operators. We report the result of two dimensional scan of $\bar{c}_γ$ and $\tilde{c}_γ$ couplings at 95\% confidence level and compare with LHC results. Our obtained limits without systematic error on $\bar{c}_γ$ ( $\tilde{c}_γ$) are $[-3.15;1.41]\times10^{-2}$ ($[-2.12;2.12]\times10^{-2}$), $[-1.21;0.78]\times10^{-2}$ ($[-0.98;0.98]\times10^{-2}$) and $[-0.89;0.66]\times10^{-2}$ ($[-0.77;0.77]\times10^{-2}$) for HL-LHC, HE-LHC and LE-FCC, respectively.

hep-ph