arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H. Guo.
We report the first observation of Y(5S) -> Y(1,2S) pi0 pi0 decays. Evidence for the Zb0(10610) with 4.9sigma significance is found in a Dalitz plot analysis of Y(5S) -> Y(2S) pi0 pi0 decays. The results are obtained with a 121.4 fb^-1 data sample collected with the Belle detector at the Y(5S) resonance at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider.
We compute the shear viscosity, $η$, at general temperatures $T$, in a BCS-BEC crossover scheme which is demonstrably consistent with conservation laws. The study of $η$ is important because it constrains microscopic theories by revealing the excitation spectra. The onset of a normal state pairing gap and the contribution from pair degrees of freedom imply that $η$ at low $T$ becomes small, rather than exhibiting the upturn predicted by most others. Using the local density approximation, we find quite reasonable agreement with just-published experiments.
The Belle detector at the KEKB electron-positron collider has collected almost 1 billion Y(4S) events in its decade of operation. Super-KEKB, an upgrade of KEKB is under construction, to increase the luminosity by two orders of magnitude during a three-year shutdown, with an ultimate goal of 8E35 /cm^2 /s luminosity. To exploit the increased luminosity, an upgrade of the Belle detector has been proposed. A new international collaboration Belle-II, is being formed. The Technical Design Report presents physics motivation, basic methods of the accelerator upgrade, as well as key improvements of the detector.
In this letter we present a real space density functional theory (DFT) localized basis set semi-empirical pseudopotential (SEP) approach. The method is applied to iron and magnesium oxide, where bulk SEP and local spin density approximation (LSDA) band structure calculations are shown to agree within approximately 0.1 eV. Subsequently we investigate the qualitative transferability of bulk derived SEPs to Fe/MgO/Fe tunnel junctions. We find that the SEP method is particularly well suited to address the tight binding transferability problem because the transferability error at the interface can be characterized not only in orbital space (via the interface local density of states) but also in real space (via the system potential). To achieve a quantitative parameterization, we introduce the notion of ghost semi-empirical pseudopotentials extracted from the first-principles calculated Fe/MgO bonding interface. Such interface corrections are shown to be particularly necessary for barrier widths in the range of 1 nm, where interface states on opposite sides of the barrier couple effectively and play a important role in the transmission characteristics. In general the results underscore the need for separate tight binding interface and bulk parameter sets when modeling conduction through thin heterojunctions on the nanoscale.
We report theoretical investigations on how edge states are destroyed in disordered mesoscopic samples by calculating a "phase diagram" in terms of energy versus disorder strength $(E,W)$, and magnetic field versus disorder strength $(B,W)$, in the integer quantum Hall regime. It is found that as the disorder strength $W$ increases, edge states are destroyed one by one if transmission eigen-channels are used to characterize the edge states. Near the insulating regime, transmission eigen-channels are closed one by one in the same order as edges states are destroyed. To identify those edge states which have survived disorder, we introduce a generalized current density that can be calculated and visualized.
A major challenge in turbulence research is to understand from first principles the origin of anomalous scaling of the velocity fluctuations in high-Reynolds-number turbulent flows. One important idea was proposed by Kolmogorov [J. Fluid Mech. {\bf 13}, 82 (1962)], which attributes the anomaly to the variations of the locally averaged energy dissipation rate. Kraichnan later pointed out [J. Fluid Mech. {\bf 62}, 305 (1973)] that the locally averaged energy dissipation rate is not an inertial-range quantity and a proper inertial-range quantity would be the local energy transfer rate. As a result, Kraichnan's idea attributes the anomaly to the variations of the local energy transfer rate. These ideas, generally known as refined similarity hypotheses, can also be extended to study the anomalous scaling of fluctuations of an active scalar, like the temperature in turbulent convection. In this paper, we examine the validity of these refined similarity hypotheses and their extensions to an active scalar in shell models of turbulence. We find that Kraichnan's refined similarity hypothesis and its extension are valid.
Different scaling behavior has been reported in various shell models proposed for turbulent thermal convection. In this paper, we show that buoyancy is not always relevant to the statistical properties of these shell models even though there is an explicit coupling between velocity and temperature in the equations of motion. When buoyancy is relevant (irrelevant) to the statistical properties, the scaling behavior is Bolgiano-Obukhov (Kolmogorov) plus intermittency corrections. We show that the intermittency corrections of temperature could be solely attributed to fluctuations in the entropy transfer rate when buoyancy is relevant but due to fluctuations in both energy and entropy transfer rates when buoyancy is irrelevant. This difference can be used as a criterion to distinguish whether temperature is behaving as an active or a passive scalar.
We report a theoretical investigation of quantized spin-Hall conductance fluctuation of graphene devices in the diffusive regime. Two graphene models that exhibit quantized spin-Hall effect (QSHE) are analyzed. Model-I is with unitary symmetry under an external magnetic field $B\ne 0$ but with zero spin-orbit interaction, $t_{SO}=0$. Model-II is with symplectic symmetry where B=0 but $t_{SO} \ne 0$. Extensive numerical calculations indicate that the two models have exactly the same universal QSHE conductance fluctuation value $0.285 e/4π$ regardless of the symmetry. Qualitatively different from the conventional charge and spin universal conductance distributions, in the presence of edge states the spin-Hall conductance shows an one-sided log-normal distribution rather than a Gaussian distribution. Our results strongly suggest that the quantized spin-Hall conductance fluctuation belongs to a new universality class.
Using multispeckle x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, we have measured the slow, wave-vector dependent dynamics of concentrated, disordered nanoemulsions composed of silicone oil droplets in water. The intermediate scattering function possesses a compressed exponential lineshape and a relaxation time that varies inversely with wave vector. We interpret these dynamics as strain in response to local stress relaxation. The motion includes a transient component whose characteristic velocity decays exponentially with time following a mechanical perturbation of the nanoemulsions and a second component whose characteristic velocity is essentially independent of time. The steady-state characteristic velocity is surprisingly insensitive to droplet volume fraction in the concentrated regime, indicating that the strain motion is only weakly dependent on the droplet-droplet interactions.
We report on theoretical investigations of frequency dependent quantum capacitance. It is found that at finite frequency a quantum capacitor can be characterized by a classical RLC circuit with three parameters: a static electrochemical capacitance, a charge relaxation resistance, and a quantum inductance. The quantum inductance is proportional to the characteristic time scale of electron dynamics and due to its existence, the time dependent current can accumulate a phase delay and becomes lagging behind the applied ac voltage, leading to a negative effective capacitance.
We report on an {\em ab-initio} study of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) and current-induced-torques (CITs) in Cr/Au multilayers that is based on non-equilibrium Green's functions and spin density functional theory. We find substantial GMR due primarily to a spin-dependent resonance centered at the Cr/Au interface and predict that the CITs are strong enough to switch the antiferromagnetic order parameter at current-densities $\sim 100$ times smaller than typical ferromagnetic metal circuit switching densities.
Transport currents can alter alter order parameter dynamics and change steady states in superconductors, in ferromagnets, and in hybrid systems. In this article we present a scheme for fully microscopic evaluation of order parameter dynamics that is intended for application to nanoscale systems. The approach relies on time-dependent mean-field-theory, on an adiabatic approximation, and on the use of non-equilibrium Greens function (NEGF) theory to calculate the influence of a bias voltage across a system on its steady-state density matrix. We apply this scheme to examine the spin-transfer torques which drive magnetization dynamics in Co/Cu/Co spin-valve structures. Our microscopic torques are peaked near Co/Cu interfaces, in agreement with most previous pictures, but suprisingly act mainly on Co transition metal $d$-orbitals rather than on $s$-orbitals as generally supposed.
Neutron stars with the isovector scalar $δ$-field are studied in the framework of the relativistic mean field ($RMF$) approach in a pure nucleon plus lepton scheme. The $δ$-field leads to a larger repulsion in dense neutron-rich matter and to a definite splitting of proton and neutron effective masses. Both features are influencing the stability conditions of the neutron stars. Two parametrizations for the effective nonlinear Lagrangian density are used to calculate the nuclear equation of state ($EOS$) and the neutron star properties, and compared to correlated Dirac-Brueckner results. We conclude that in order to reproduce reasonable nuclear structure and neutron star properties within a $RMF$ approach a density dependence of the coupling constants is required.
We present a scheme to extract information about plumes, a prominent coherent structure in turbulent thermal convection, from simultaneous local velocity and temperature measurements. Using this scheme, we study the temperature dependence of the plume velocity and understand the results using the equations of motion. We further obtain the average local heat flux in the vertical direction at the cell center. Our result shows that heat is not mainly transported through the central region but instead through the regions near the sidewalls of the convection cell.
By carrying out density functional theory (DFT) analysis within the Keldysh non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) framework, we investigate the quantum transport properties of Au-C60-Au molecular junctions from the first principles. We briefly review the NEGF-DFT formalism and present some of our data. We found that at small electrode separations (9-13 Angstrom), the Au-C60-Au junctions show metallic behaviour with conductance G ~ 2e^{2}/h and current I ~ 1-3 microAmpere in the linear regime (bias voltage V < 0.3 Volt). The physical mechanism is the resonance tunnelling through partially occupied states originated from the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the free C60. We also found that the charge transfer from the Au electrodes to the C60 molecule can be controlled by gate potential.
We have shown how the interplay between the broken symmetry associated with the finite single-wall nanotubes (SWNT) and the boundary conditions affects the electronic properties of SWNTs in a profound way. For finite SWNTs (p,q) characterized by p=k+l,q=k-l,p-q=2l,l=0,1...,k, and k=1,2..., we found that the band gaps of finite SWNTs belonging to a certain k exhibit similar well-defined oscillating patterns but with diminishing amplitudes from the armchair (l=0) to the zigzag (l=k) SWNTs. These profound changes hold intiguing implications in the potential utilization of these finite NTs as the basic component of molecular scale devices.
The electric current conservation in a two-dimensional quantum wire under a time dependent field is investigated. Such a conservation is obtained as the global density of states contribution to the emittance is balanced by the contribution due to the internal charge response inside the sample. However when the global partial density of states is approximately calculated using scattering matrix only, correction terms are needed to obtain precise current conservation. We have derived these corrections analytically using a specific two-dimensional system. We found that when the incident energy $E$ is near the first subband, our result reduces to the one-dimensional result. As $E$ approaches to the $n$-th subband with $n>1$, the correction term diverges. This explains the systematic deviation to precise current conservation observed in a previous numerical calculation.
The non-conserved $ϕ^4$ model defined by a Langevin equation with external non-white noise is studied by means of the Dynamic Renormalization Group. The correlation time of the noise changes the critical point location but does not affect the critical exponents up to order $\varepsilon^2$. The same effect is obtained when the correlation length of the noise is considered. These results are shown to be in agreement with previous numerical simulations.