arXiv subjects

Hyeonjun Baek

Publications and source records attributed to Hyeonjun Baek.

9 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2025

Quadrupolar and Dipolar Excitons in Bilayer 2$H$-MoSe$_2$

We report the experimental observation of quadrupolar exciton states in the reflectance contrast spectrum of 2$H$-stacked bilayer MoSe$_2$. The application of a vertical electric field results in a quadratic energy redshift of these quadrupolar excitons, in contrast to the linear energy splitting observed in the coexisting dipolar excitons within the bilayer MoSe$_2$. We perform helicity-resolved reflectance contrast measurements to investigate the spin and valley configurations of the quadrupolar exciton states as a function of applied vertical electric and magnetic fields. Comparing our results with a phenomenological coupled-oscillator model indicates that the electric- and magnetic-field dependence of the quadrupolar exciton states can be attributed to the intravalley and intervalley hybridization of spin-triplet interlayer excitons with opposite permanent dipole moments, mediated by interlayer hole tunneling. These results position naturally stacked MoSe$_2$ bilayers as a promising platform to explore electric-field-tunable many-body exciton phenomena.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2023

The interplay of field-tunable strongly correlated states in a multi-orbital moiré system

The interplay of charge, spin, lattice, and orbital degrees of freedom leads to a wide range of emergent phenomena in strongly correlated systems. In heterobilayer transition metal dichalcogenide moiré systems, recent observations of Mott insulators and generalized Wigner crystals are well described by triangular lattice single-orbital Hubbard models based on K-valley derived moiré bands. Richer phase diagrams, mapped onto multi-orbital Hubbard models, are possible with hexagonal lattices in $Γ$-valley derived moiré bands and additional layer degrees of freedom. Here we report the tunable interaction between strongly correlated hole states hosted by $Γ$- and K-derived moiré bands in a monolayer MoSe$_2$ / natural WSe$_2$ bilayer device. To precisely probe the nature of the correlated states, we optically characterise the behaviour of exciton-polarons and distinguish the layer and valley degrees of freedom. We find that the honeycomb $Γ$-band gives rise to a charge-transfer insulator described by a two-orbital Hubbard model with inequivalent $Γ_\mathrm{A}$ and $Γ_\mathrm{B}$ orbitals. With an out-of-plane electric field, we re-order the $Γ_\mathrm{B}$- and K-derived bands energetically, driving an abrupt redistribution of carriers to the layer-polarized K orbital where new correlated states are observed. Finally, by fine-tuning the band-alignment, we obtain degeneracy of the $Γ_\mathrm{B}$ and K orbitals at the Fermi level. In this critical condition, stable Wigner crystals with carriers distributed across the two orbitals are observed until the Fermi-level reaches one hole per lattice site, whereupon the system collapses into a filled $Γ_\mathrm{B}$ orbital. Our results establish a platform to investigate the interplay of charge, spin, lattice, and layer geometry in multi-orbital Hubbard model Hamiltonians.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2023

Highly Tunable Ground and Excited State Excitonic Dipoles in Multilayer 2H-MoSe$_2$

The fundamental properties of an exciton are determined by the spin, valley, energy, and spatial wavefunctions of the Coulomb bound electron and hole. In van der Waals materials, these attributes can be widely engineered through layer stacking configuration to create highly tunable interlayer excitons with static out-of-plane electric dipoles, at the expense of the strength of the oscillating in-plane dipole responsible for light-matter coupling. Here we show that interlayer excitons in bi- and tri-layer 2H-MoSe$_2$ crystals exhibit electric-field-driven coupling with the ground ($1s$) and excited states ($2s$) of the intralayer A excitons. We demonstrate that the hybrid states of these distinct exciton species provide strong oscillator strength, large permanent dipoles (up to $0.73 \pm 0.01$ enm), high energy tunability (up to $\sim$ 200 meV), and full control of the spin and valley characteristics such that the exciton g-factor can be manipulated over a large range (from -4 to +14). Further, we observe the bi- and tri-layer excited state ($2s$) interlayer excitons and their coupling with the intralayer excitons states ($1s$ and $2s$). Our results, in good agreement with a coupled oscillator model with spin (layer)-selectivity and beyond standard density functional theory calculations, promote multilayer 2H-MoSe$_2$ as a highly tunable platform to explore exciton-exciton interactions with strong light-matter interactions.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2022

Exciton-polarons in the presence of strongly correlated electronic states in a MoSe$_2$/WSe$_2$ moiré superlattice

Two-dimensional moiré materials provide a highly tunable platform to investigate strongly correlated electronic states. Such emergent many-body phenomena can be optically probed in moiré systems created by stacking two layers of transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductors: optically injected excitons can interact with itinerant carriers occupying narrow moiré bands to form exciton-polarons sensitive to strong correlations. Here, we investigate the behaviour of excitons dressed by a Fermi sea localised by the moiré superlattice of a molybdenum diselenide (MoSe$_2$) / tungsten diselenide (WSe$_2$) twisted hetero-bilayer. At a multitude of fractional fillings of the moiré lattice, we observe ordering of both electrons and holes into stable correlated electronic states. Magneto-optical measurements reveal extraordinary Zeeman splittings of the exciton-polarons due to exchange interactions in the correlated hole phases, with a maximum close to the correlated state at one hole per site. The temperature dependence of the Zeeman splitting reveals antiferromagnetic ordering of the correlated holes across a wide range of fractional fillings. Our results illustrate the nature of exciton-polarons in the presence of strongly correlated electronic states and reveal the rich potential of the MoSe$_2$/WSe$_2$ platform for investigations of Fermi-Hubbard and Bose-Hubbard physics.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2021

Moiré-trapped interlayer trions in a charge-tunable WSe$_2$/MoSe$_2$ heterobilayer

Transition metal dichalcogenide heterobilayers offer attractive opportunities to realize lattices of interacting bosons with several degrees of freedom. Such heterobilayers can feature moiré patterns that modulate their electronic band structure, leading to spatial confinement of single interlayer excitons (IXs) that act as quantum emitters with $C_3$ symmetry. However, the narrow emission linewidths of the quantum emitters contrast with a broad ensemble IX emission observed in nominally identical heterobilayers, opening a debate regarding the origin of IX emission. Here we report the continuous evolution from a few trapped IXs to an ensemble of IXs with both triplet and singlet spin configurations in a gate-tunable $2H$-MoSe$_2$/WSe$_2$ heterobilayer. We observe signatures of dipolar interactions in the IX ensemble regime which, when combined with magneto-optical spectroscopy, reveal that the narrow quantum-dot-like and broad ensemble emission originate from IXs trapped in moiré potentials with the same atomic registry. Finally, electron doping leads to the formation of three different species of localised negative trions with contrasting spin-valley configurations, among which we observe both intervalley and intravalley IX trions with spin-triplet optical transitions. Our results identify the origin of IX emission in MoSe$_2$/WSe$_2$ heterobilayers and highlight the important role of exciton-exciton interactions and Fermi-level control in these highly tunable quantum materials.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2021

Optical read-out of Coulomb staircases in a moiré superlattice via trapped interlayer trions

Moiré patterns with a superlattice potential can be formed by vertically stacking two layered materials with a relative twist or lattice constant mismatch. The moiré superlattice can generate flat bands that result in new correlated insulating, superconducting, and topological states. Strong electron correlations, tunable by the fractional filling, have been observed in both graphene and transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) based systems. In addition, in TMD based systems, the moiré potential landscape can trap interlayer excitons (IX) at specific atomic registries. Here we report that spatially isolated trapped IX in a molybdenum diselenide/tungsten diselenide heterobilayer device provide a sensitive optical probe of carrier filling in their immediate environment. By mapping the spatial positions of individual trapped IX, we are able to spectrally track the emitters as the moiré lattice is filled with excess carriers. Upon initial doping of the heterobilayer, neutral trapped IX form charged IX (IX trions) uniformly with a binding energy of ~7 meV. Upon further doping, the empty superlattice sites sequentially fill, creating a Coulomb staircase: stepwise changes in the IX trion emission energy due to Coulomb interactions with carriers at nearest neighbour moiré sites. This non-invasive, highly local technique can complement transport and non-local optical sensing techniques to characterise Coulomb interaction energies, visualise charge correlated states, or probe local disorder in a moiré superlattice.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2021

Electrically driven strain-induced deterministic single-photon emitters in a van der Waals heterostructure

Quantum confinement in atomically-thin TMDCs enables the realization of deterministic single-photon emitters. The position and polarization control of single photons have been achieved via local strain engineering using nanostructures. However, most existing TMDC-based emitters are operated by optical pumping, while the emission sites in electrically pumped emitters are uncontrolled. Here, we demonstrate electrically driven single-photon emitters located at the positions where strains are induced by atomic-force-microscope indentation on a van der Waals heterostructure consisting of graphene, hexagonal-boron nitride, and tungsten diselenide. The optical, electrical, and mechanical properties induced by the local strain gradient were systematically analyzed. In particular, single-photon emission was observed at the indentation sites at 4 K. The emission exhibits photon anti-bunching behavior with a g(2)(0) value of ~0.3, intensity saturation and a linearly cross-polarized doublet. This robust spatial control of electrically driven single-photon emitters will pave the way for the practical implementation of integrated quantum light sources.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2020

Spin-layer locking of interlayer excitons trapped in moiré potentials

Van der Waals heterostructures offer attractive opportunities to design quantum materials. For instance, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) possess three quantum degrees of freedom: spin, valley index, and layer index. Further, twisted TMD heterobilayers can form moiré patterns that modulate the electronic band structure according to atomic registry, leading to spatial confinement of interlayer exciton (IXs). Here we report the observation of spin-layer locking of IXs trapped in moiré potentials formed in a heterostructure of bilayer 2H-MoSe$_2$ and monolayer WSe$_2$. The phenomenon of locked electron spin and layer index leads to two quantum-confined IX species with distinct spin-layer-valley configurations. Furthermore, we observe that the atomic registries of the moiré trapping sites in the three layers are intrinsically locked together due to the 2H-type stacking characteristic of bilayer TMDs. These results identify the layer index as a useful degree of freedom to engineer tunable few-level quantum systems in two-dimensional heterostructures.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2020

Highly tunable quantum light from moiré trapped excitons

Photon antibunching, a hallmark of quantum light, has been observed in the correlations of light from isolated atomic and atomic-like solid-state systems. Two-dimensional semiconductor heterostructures offer a unique method to create a quantum light source: a small lattice mismatch or relative twist in a heterobilayer can create moiré trapping potentials for excitons which are predicted to create arrays of quantum emitters. While signatures of moiré trapped excitons have been observed, their quantum nature has yet to be confirmed. Here we report photon antibunching from single moiré trapped interlayer excitons in a heterobilayer. Via polarization resolved magneto-optical spectroscopy, we demonstrate the discrete anharmonic spectra arise from bound band-edge electron-hole pairs trapped in moiré potentials. Finally, using an out-of-plane electric field, we exploit the large permanent dipole of interlayer excitons to achieve large DC Stark tuning, up to 40 meV, of the quantum emitters. Our results confirm the quantum nature of moiré confined excitons and open opportunities to investigate their inhomogeneity and interactions between the emitters or tune single emitters into resonance with cavity modes or other emitters.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗