arXiv subjects

Ioannis Liodis

Publications and source records attributed to Ioannis Liodis.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Post-Newtonian orbital mechanics around a black hole in modified gravity

Scalar-tensor-vector gravity, also known as modified gravity (MOG), has emerged as an alternative to General Relativity (GR). It aims to explain astrophysical phenomena without invoking dark matter. The S-stars orbiting the supermassive black hole at the Galactic centre provide a unique opportunity to test the predictions of MOG because the orbital measurements are highly precise. We investigate the perturbations in the orbits of S-stars under MOG, focusing on the effects on orbital elements, observables such as right ascension, declination, and radial velocity, and the potential degeneracy with dark matter scenarios. We numerically integrated the first post-Newtonian equations of motion for S-stars within the MOG framework, considering contributions from the space-time geometry and the fifth force. We analysed the time evolution of orbital elements and projected the orbits onto the plane of the sky to assess deviations from GR. Furthermore, we compared the MOG-induced effects with those expected from a dark matter distribution. We found that MOG significantly alters the orbital precession, particularly for higher values of the MOG parameter $α$. For sufficiently large $α$ or long observational baselines, the deviations in the observables can reach amplitudes comparable to current observational precision. Furthermore, we demonstrate that MOG effects can mimic those of a dark matter distribution, particularly in the argument of pericentre, and we reveal an unexplored connection between MOG and GR with electromagnetism. The effects of MOG on stellar orbits are distinct from those predicted by GR and can be tested with precise astrometric and spectroscopic measurements of the S-stars. However, a potential degeneracy with dark matter signatures necessitates careful interpretation of observational data.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2025

Multi-messenger and time-domain astronomy in the 2040s

Multi-messenger astronomy will be transformed in the 2040s by an unprecedented volume of detections from next-generation gravitational wave, high-energy, and ultra-high energy neutrino, cosmic ray, and time domain observatories. This white paper, prepared for the European Southern Observatory (ESO) Expanding Horizons call, outlines the key science questions enabled by this emerging multi-messenger ecosystem, ranging from nucleosynthesis and dense matter physics to cosmology, fundamental physics, and the growth of black holes across cosmic time. We demonstrate that fully exploiting these discoveries requires a step change in optical to near infrared spectroscopic capability, including low latency response, high throughput, and flexible time domain operations across both hemispheres. We argue that without a dedicated large-aperture time domain facility, the scientific return of multi-messenger astronomy in the 2040s will be considerably limited.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2024

Scale-Dependent Dynamic Alignment in MHD Turbulence: Insights into Intermittency, Compressibility, and Imbalance Effects

Scale-Dependent Dynamic Alignment (SDDA) in Elsässer field fluctuations is theorized to suppress nonlinearities and modulate the energy spectrum. Limited empirical evidence exists for SDDA within the solar wind turbulence's inertial range. We analyzed data from the WIND mission to assess the effects of compressibility, intermittency, and imbalance on SDDA. SDDA consistently appears at energy-containing scales, with a trend toward misalignment at inertial scales. Compressible fluctuations show no increased alignment; however, their impact on SDDA's overall behavior is minimal. The alignment angles inversely correlate with field gradient intensity, likely due to "anomalous" or "counterpropagating" wave packet interactions. This suggests that SDDA originates from mutual shearing of Elsässer fields during imbalanced ($δ\boldsymbol{z}^{\pm} \gg δ\boldsymbol{z}^{\mp}$) interactions. Rigorous thresholding on field gradient intensity reveals SDDA signatures across much of the inertial range. The scaling of Elsässer increments' alignment angle, $Θ^{z}$, steepens with increasing global Alfvénic imbalance, while the angle between magnetic and velocity field increments, $Θ^{ub}$, becomes shallower. $Θ^{ub}$ only correlates with global Elsässer imbalance, steepening as the imbalance increases. Furthermore, increasing alignment in $Θ^{ub}$ persists deep into the inertial range of balanced intervals but collapses at large scales for imbalanced ones. Simplified theoretical analysis and modeling of high-frequency, low-amplitude noise in the velocity field indicate significant impacts on alignment angle measurements even at very low frequencies, with effects growing as global imbalance increases.

physics.space-ph↗

arXiv2023

A Bayesian investigation of the neutron star equation-of-state vs. gravity degeneracy

Despite its elegance, the theory of General Relativity is subject to experimental, observational, and theoretical scrutiny to arrive at tighter constraints or an alternative, more preferred theory. In alternative gravity theories, the macroscopic properties of neutron stars, such as mass, radius, tidal deformability, etc. are modified. This creates a degeneracy between the uncertainties in the equation of state (EoS) and gravity since assuming a different EoS can be mimicked by changing to a different theory of gravity. We formulate a hierarchical Bayesian framework to simultaneously infer the EoS and gravity parameters by combining multiple astrophysical observations. We test this framework for a particular 4D Horndeski scalar-tensor theory originating from higher-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity and a set of 20 realistic EoS and place improved constraints on the coupling constant of the theory with current observations. Assuming a large number of observations with upgraded or third-generation detectors, we find that the $A+$ upgrade could place interesting bounds on the coupling constant of the theory, whereas with the LIGO Voyager upgrade or the third-generation detectors (Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer), the degeneracy between EoS and gravity could be resolved with high confidence, even for small deviations from GR.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2023

A neural-network-based surrogate model for the properties of neutron stars in 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity

Machine learning and artificial neural networks (ANNs) have increasingly become integral to data analysis research in astrophysics due to the growing demand for fast calculations resulting from the abundance of observational data. Simultaneously, neutron stars and black holes have been extensively examined within modified theories of gravity since they enable the exploration of the strong field regime of gravity. In this study, we employ ANNs to develop a surrogate model for a numerical iterative method to solve the structure equations of NSs within a specific 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity framework. We have trained highly accurate surrogate models, each corresponding to one of twenty realistic EoSs. The resulting ANN models predict the mass and radius of individual NS models between 10 and 100 times faster than the numerical solver. In the case of batch processing, we demonstrated that the speed up is several orders of magnitude higher. We have trained additional models where the radius is predicted for specific masses. Here, the speed up is considerably higher since the original numerical code that constructs the equilibrium models would have to do additional iterations to find a model with a specific mass. Our ANN models can be used to speed up Bayesian inference, where the mass and radius of equilibrium models in this theory of gravity are required.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2023

On the evolution of the Anisotropic Scaling of Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence in the Inner Heliosphere

We analyze a merged Parker Solar Probe ($PSP$) and Solar Orbiter ($SO$) dataset covering heliocentric distances $13 \ R_{\odot} \lesssim R \lesssim 220$ $R_{\odot}$ to investigate the radial evolution of power and spectral-index anisotropy in the wavevector space of solar wind turbulence. Our results show that anisotropic signatures of turbulence display a distinct radial evolution when fast, $V_{sw} \geq ~ 400 ~km ~s^{-1}$, and slow, $V_{sw} \leq ~ 400 ~km ~s^{-1}$, wind streams are considered. The anisotropic properties of slow wind in Earth orbit are consistent with a ``critically balanced'' cascade, but both spectral-index anisotropy and power anisotropy diminish with decreasing heliographic distance. Fast streams are observed to roughly retain their near-Sun anisotropic properties, with the observed spectral index and power anisotropies being more consistent with a ``dynamically aligned'' type of cascade, though the lack of extended fast-wind intervals makes it difficult to accurately measure the anisotropic scaling. A high-resolution analysis during the first perihelion of PSP confirms the presence of two sub-ranges within the inertial range, which may be associated with the transition from weak to strong turbulence. The transition occurs at $κd_{i} \approx 6 \times 10^{-2}$, and signifies a shift from -5/3 to -2 and -3/2 to -1.57 scaling in parallel and perpendicular spectra, respectively. Our results provide strong observational constraints for anisotropic theories of MHD turbulence in the solar wind.

physics.space-ph↗