A Four-Fermi Model in 0+1 Dimensions in Matter
The results of a number of constituent quark models in matter may be understood in the mean-field approximation by using a simple four-fermi model in 0+1 dimensions.
hep-ph↗
arXiv subjects
Ismail Zahed
Publications and source records attributed to Ismail Zahed.
Random Matrices and Chiral Symmetry in QCD
In this talk we review some recent results from random matrix models as applied to some non-perturbative issues in QCD. All of the issues we will discuss touched upon the important phenomenon related to the spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry. The afore mentioned insights are: 1. Spontaneous breakdown of chiral symmetry and disorder. 2. Universal microscopic properties of the eigenvalues of the Dirac operator in the vacuum. 3. Universal microscopic properties of the eigenvalues of the Dirac operator in matter. 4. Structural changes of the Dirac spectrum - finite temperature. 5. Structural changes of the Dirac spectrum - finite baryonic density - ``phony vacua'' 6. Structural changes of the Dirac spectrum - finite baryonic density - ``true vacua'' . 7. Phase diagram. 8. Critical parameters. 9. Critical exponents. 10. $U(1)_A$ problem. 11. Screening of the pseudoscalar susceptibility. 12. Strong CP violation (finite $θ$).
hep-ph↗
Is Quantization of QCD Unique at the Non-Perturbative Level ?
We find that QCD in covariant gauge yields zero for the topological susceptibility, even at the nonperturbative level. The result is derived in two ways, one using translational invariance, and the other using the BRST Hamiltonian. Comparison with the canonical formalism suggests that QCD is not uniquely defined at the nonperturbative level. Supporting evidence is also provided in 1+1 dimensions. Our results imply that the strong CP problem admits a trivial resolution in covariant gauge, but obstacles remain for the U(1) problem.
hep-th↗
Two Topics in Chiral Effective Lagrangians
In the absence of nucleons, we use partial wave unitarity, to show that the chiral expansion parameter must be close to $p^2/4πf_π^2$ rather than $p^2/16π^2 f_π^2$ as previously suggested, where $p$ is a typical pion momentum and $f_π$ the pion decay constant. When nucleons are included, we apply the Tani-Foldy-Wouthuysen (TFW) transformation to the pion-nucleon effective Lagrangian to obtain an expansion in powers of $1/m_N$ (inverse nucleon mass). The results are presented up to order ${\cal O} (1/m_N^3)$, corresponding to ${\cal O} (p^4)$ in the momentum. In this case partial wave-unitarity is also lost in about the same range of momenta.
hep-ph↗
Electromagnetic Emission Rates and Spectral Sum Rules
The electromagnetic emission rates at SPS energies satisfy spectral constraints in leading order in the pion and nucleon densities. These constraints follow from the strictures of broken chiral symmetry. We saturate these constraints using available data, leading to model independent emission rates from a hadronic gas. With a simple fire-ball scenario, only large nucleon densities may account for the present CERES data.
hep-ph↗
Various Shades of Blue's Functions
We discuss random matrix models in terms of elementary operations on Blue's functions (functional inverse of Green's functions). We show that such operations embody the essence of a number of physical phenomena whether at/or away from the critical points. We illustrate these assertions by borrowing on a number of recent results in effective QCD in vacuum and matter. We provide simple physical arguments in favor of the universality of the continuum QCD spectral oscillations, whether at zero virtuality, in the bulk of the spectrum or at the chiral critical points. We also discuss effective quantum systems of disorder with strong or weak dissipation (Hatano-Nelson localization).
hep-th↗
New Developments In Non-Hermitian Random Matrix Models
In this talk we go over several new developments regarding the techniques for a large class of non-hermitian matrix models with unitary randomness (complex random numbers). In particular, we discuss: (a) - A diagrammatic approach based on a $1/N$ expansion (b) - A generalization of the addition theorem (R-transformation) (c) - A conformal transformation on the position of pertinent singularities (d) - A `phase' analysis using appropriate partition functions (e) - A number of two-point functions and the issue of universality.
hep-ph↗
On-Shell Approach to Pion-Nucleon Physics
We discuss an on-shell approach to pion-nucleon physics that is consistent order by order in a $1/f_π$ expansion with the chiral reduction formula, crossing, and relativistic unitarity. A number of constraints between the on-shell low-energy parameters are derived at tree level in the presence of the pion-nucleon sigma term, and found to be in fair agreement with experiment. We analyze the nucleon form factors, and the $πN\to πN$ scattering amplitude to one-loop, as well as $πN\toππN$ to tree level. We use the latter to derive a new constraint for the pion-nucleon sigma term at threshold. We compare our results to both relativistic and non-relativistic chiral perturbation theory, and discuss the convergence character of the expansion in light of experiment.
hep-ph↗
Nonhermitean Random Matrix Models
We introduce an extension of the diagrammatic rules in random matrix theory and apply it to nonhermitean random matrix models using the 1/N approximation. A number of one- and two-point functions are evaluated on their holomorphic and nonholomorphic supports to leading order in 1/N. The one-point functions describe the distribution of eigenvalues, while the two-point functions characterize their macroscopic correlations. Generic form for the two-point functions are obtained, generalizing the concept of macroscopic universality to nonhermitean random matrices. We show that the holomorphic and nonholomorphic one- and two-point functions condition the behavior of pertinent partition functions to order $O(1/N)$. We derive explicit conditions for the location and distribution of their singularities. Most of our analytical results are found to be in good agreement with numerical calculations using large ensembles of complex matrices.
cond-mat↗
$Ψ'/Ψ$ ratio in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions : a Measure for the Chiral Symmetry Restoration Temperature ?
We argue that a decrease of the chiral scalar meson mass is responsible for re-creation of $Ψ'$ from $J/Ψ$ in ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions. This causes the charmonium yields to freeze out at temperatures close to the chiral symmetry restoration temperature $T_c$. As a result $Ψ'/Ψ$ may serve as a thermometer for $T_c$ itself. Results in a detailed reaction model support the conjecture. They show good agreement with recent data of NA38 and NA50 for $J/Ψ$ and $Ψ'$ production in S on U and Pb on Pb collisions.
hep-ph↗
Localization Transitions from Free Random Variables
We motivate and use the concept of free random variables for the studies of the de-pinning transition of flux lines in superconductors as recently discussed by Hatano and Nelson. We derive analytical conditions for the critical points of the eigenvalue distribution in the complex plane for all values of the transverse magnetic field in one-dimension, in agreement with numerical calculations. We suggest a relation between reduced nonhermitean quantum mechanics in D-dimensions and nonhermitean random matrix models with weak nonhermiticity.
cond-mat↗
Dilepton and Photon Emission Rates from a Hadronic Gas II
We extend our recent analysis of the dilepton and photon emission rates to the case of finite temperature and baryon density, within the context of a density expansion. To leading order, the effects of the baryon density are assessed using data (photon emission) or constraints from broken chiral symmetry (dilepton emission). Next to leading order effects are worked out, and their contribution qualitatively assessed. The opening of the $πN$ cut causes the photon rate to saturate the empirical photon yield of WA80, but may not be enough to fully account for the excess low mass dileptons seen at CERES.
hep-ph↗
Macroscopic Universality : Why QCD in Matter is Subtle?
We use a chiral random matrix model with 2N_f flavors to mock up the QCD Dirac spectrum at finite chemical potential. We show that the 1/N approximation breaks down in the quenched state with spontaneously broken chiral symmetry. The breakdown condition is set by the divergence of a two-point function, that is shown to follow the general lore of macroscopic universality. In this state, the fermionic fluctuations are not suppressed in the large N limit.
hep-ph↗
The U(1) Problem in Chiral Random Matrix Models
We show that conventional asymmetric chiral random matrix models (ChRMM), with a gaussian distribution in the asymmetry, provide for a screening of the topological charge and a resolution of the $U(1)$ problem in the unquenched approximation. Our exact results to order $1/N$ are in agreement with numerical estimates using large ensembles of asymmetric ChRMM with gaussian distributions.
hep-lat↗
Nonhermitean Random Matrix Models : a Free Random Variable Approach
Using the standard concepts of free random variables, we show that for a large class of nonhermitean random matrix models, the support of the eigenvalue distribution follows from their hermitean analogs using a conformal transformation. We also extend the concepts of free random variables to the class of nonhermitean matrices, and apply them to the models discussed by Ginibre-Girko (elliptic ensemble) and Mahaux-Weidenmüller (chaotic resonance scattering).
hep-ph↗
Chiral Random Matrix Models : Thermodynamics, Phase Transitions and Universality
For one flavour, we observe that standard chiral random matrix models are schematic variants of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) models whether in vacuum or matter. The ensuing thermodynamics is that of constituent quarks, with mean-field universality in general. For two and three flavours non-standard chiral random matrix models with $U_A(1)$ breaking are suggested. For three flavours the transition is reminiscent of the isotropic-nematic transition in liquid crystals.
hep-ph↗
Dirac spectrum in QCD and Quark Masses
We use a chiral random matrix model to investigate the effects of massive quarks on the distribution of eigenvalues of QCD inspired Dirac operators. Kalkreuter's lattice analysis of the spectrum of the massive (hermitean) Dirac operator for two colors and Wilson fermions is shown to follow from a cubic equation in the quenched approximation. The quenched spectrum shows a Mott-transition from a (delocalized) Goldstone phase softly broken by the current mass, to a (localized) heavy quark phase, with quarks localized over their Compton wavelength. Both phases are distinguishable by the quark density of states at zero virtuality, with a critical quark mass of the order of 100-200 MeV. At the critical point, the quark density of states is given by $ν_Q (λ) \sim |λ|^{1/3}$. Using Grassmannian techniques, we derive an integral representation for the resolvent of the massive Dirac operator with one-flavor in the unquenched approximation, and show that near zero virtuality, the distribution of eigenvalues is quantitatively changed by a non-zero quark mass. The generalization of our construction to arbitrary flavors is also discussed. Some recommendations for lattice simulations are suggested.
hep-ph↗
QCD-Inspired Spectra from Blue's Functions
We use the law of addition in random matrix theory to analyze the spectral distributions of a variety of chiral random matrix models as inspired from QCD whether through symmetries or models. In terms of the Blue's functions recently discussed by Zee, we show that most of the spectral distributions in the macroscopic limit and the quenched approximation, follow algebraically from the discontinuity of a pertinent solution to a cubic (Cardano) or a quartic (Ferrari) equation. We use the end-point equation of the energy spectra in chiral random matrix models to argue for novel phase structures, in which the Dirac density of states plays the role of an order parameter.
hep-ph↗