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János Kollár

Publications and source records attributed to János Kollár.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
arXiv2002

Rational Curves on Varieties

The aim of these notes is to give a introduction to the ideas and techniques of handling rational curves on varieties. The main emphasis is on varieties with many rational curves which are the higher dimensional analogs of rational curves and surfaces. The first six sections closely follow the lectures of J. Kollár given at the summer school ``Higher dimensional varieties and rational points''. The notes were written up by C. Araujo and substantially edited later. Revised version with 2 new sections.

math.AG↗
arXiv2002

Rationally connected varieties and fundamental groups

Let U be an open subset of a unirational variety (or more generally of a separably rationally connected variety). We prove that there is rational curve C in U such that the fundamental group of C surjects onto the fundamental group of U. The proof improves the earlier proof (math.AG/0003138) and works in any characteristic. Much improved version, thanks to comments of Colliot-Thélène.

math.AG↗
arXiv2002

Specialization of zero cycles

The paper has two parts. First we prove that the specialization maps on R-equivalence and on the Chow group of zero cycles are isomorphisms for families over a local, Henselian, Dedekind ring when the special fiber is smooth and separably rationally connected. This is pretty much the best one can hope for. The second part contains examples of unirational quartic hypersurfaces whith infinitely many R-equivalence classes. There are also examples of quartics with points in a large odd degree field extension but no points in any smaller odd degree extension.

math.AG↗
arXiv2000

The Nash Conjecture for Nonprojective Threefolds

We prove that for every compact, connected, differentiable 3--manifold $M$ there is a compact complex manifold $X$ which can be obtained from projective 3--space by a sequence of smooth, real blow ups and downs such that $M$ is diffeomorphic to the set of real points of $X$. By earlier results, such an $X$ can almost never be projective.

math.AG↗
arXiv2000

Fano hypersurfaces in weighted projective 4-spaces

We determine the complete list of anticanonically embedded quasi smooth log Fano 3-folds in weighted projective 4-spaces. This implies that the Reid-Fletcher list of 95 types of anticanonically embedded quasi smooth terminal Fano threefolds in weighted projective 4-spaces is complete. We also prove that there are only finitely many families of quasi smooth Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces in weighted projective spaces of any given dimension.

math.AG↗
arXiv2000

Unirationality of cubic hypersurfaces

Segre proved that a smooth cubic surface over Q is unirational iff it has a rational point. We prove that the result also holds for cubic hypersurfaces over any field, including finite fields.

math.AG↗
arXiv2000

Characterizations of ${\mathbb P}^n$ in arbitrary characteristic

We prove that a smooth projective variety of dimension n is isomorphic to projective n-space iff the canonical class is -(n+1)-times an ample divisor. In characteristic zero this was proved by Kobayashi-Ochiai. We also extend the second adjunction theorem of Ionescu and Fujita to arbitrary characteristic.

math.AG↗
arXiv2000

Fundamental groups of rationally connected varieties

Let U be an open subset of a unirational variety. We prove that there is rational curve C in U such that the fundamental group of C surjects onto the fundamental group of U. As a consequence we obtain new proofs of the theorems of Harbater and Colliot-Thélène on Galois covers and torsors over the p-adic line. We also obtain examples of pencils of curves of genus <14 whose monodromy group is the full Teichmüller group.

math.AG↗
arXiv1999

Essential dimensions of algebraic groups and a resolution theorem for G-varieties

Let G be an algebraic group and let X be a generically free G-variety. We show that X can be transformed, by a sequence of blowups with smooth G-equivariant centers, into a G-variety X' with the following property: the stabilizer of every point of X' is isomorphic to a semidirect product of a unipotent group U and a diagonalizable group A. As an application of this and related results, we prove new lower bounds on essential dimensions of some algebraic groups. We also show that certain polynomials in one variable cannot be simplified by a Tschirnhaus transformation.

math.AG↗
arXiv1999

Rationally connected varieties over local fields

Let X be a smooth, projective variety defined over a local field K. Following Manin, two K-points of X are called R-equivalent if they can be joined by a rational curve defined over K. The main result of this note shows that if there are only finitely many R-equivalence classes over the algebraic closure of K then the same holds over K. This also yields the unirationality of several classes of varieties over K.

math.AG↗
arXiv1999

Fixed points of group actions and rational maps

The aim of this note is to give simple proofs of some results of Reichstein and Youssin (math.AG/9903162) about the behaviour of fixed points of finite group actions under rational maps. Our proofs work in any characteristic. We also give a short proof of the Nishimura lemma.

math.AG↗
arXiv1999

An Effective Łojasiewicz Inequality for Real Polynomials

Let H be the supremum of finitely many real polynomials of degree d and assume that H has a strict local minimum at 0. We prove a Łojasiewicz-type inequality $H(x_1,...,x_n) > ||(x_1,...,x_n)||^s$ where s depends only on d and n. This implies a similar inequality where $(x_1,...,x_n)$ runs through the points of a semi-algebraic set.

math.AG↗
arXiv1999

Real Algebraic Threefolds IV: Del Pezzo Fibrations

This is the fourth of a series of papers studying real algebraic threefolds, but the methods are mostly independent from the previous ones. Let $f:X\to C$ be a map of a smooth projective real algebraic 3-fold to a curve $C$ whose general fibers are rational surfaces. Assume that the set of real points of $X$ is an orientable 3-manifold $M$. The aim of the paper is to give a topological description of $M$.

math.AG↗
arXiv1998

Effective Nullstellensatz for Arbitrary Ideals

Let $f_i$ be polynomials in $n$ variables without a common zero. Hilbert's Nullstellensatz says that there are polynomials $g_i$ such that $\sum g_if_i=1$. The effective versions of this result bound the degrees of the $g_i$ in terms of the degrees of the $f_j$. The aim of this paper is to generalize this to the case when the $f_i$ are replaced by arbitrary ideals. Applications to the Bézout theorem, to Łojasiewicz--type inequialities and to deformation theory are also discussed.

math.AG↗
arXiv1998

Real Algebraic Threefolds III: Conic Bundles

This is the third of a series of papers studying real algebraic threefolds, but the methods are mostly independent from the previous two. Let $f:X\to S$ be a map of a smooth projective real algebraic 3-fold to a surface $S$ whose general fibers are rational curves. Assume that the set of real points of $X$ is an orientable 3-manifold $M$. The aim of the paper is to give a topological description of $M$. It is shown that $M$ is either Seifert fibered or a connected sum of lens spaces. Much stronger results hold if $S$ is rational.

math.AG↗
arXiv1997

Real Algebraic Surfaces

These are the notes for my lectures at the Trento summer school held September 1997. The aim of the lectures is to provide an introduction to real algebraic surfaces using the minimal model program. This leads to a fairly complete understanding of real rational surfaces and to a complete topological classification of real Del Pezzo surfaces. Almost all the results are contained in the works of Comessatti and Silhol.

alg-geom↗
arXiv1997

Real Algebraic Threefolds I: Terminal Singularities

This is the first of a series of papers studying real algebraic threefolds using the minimal model program. The main results are outlined in Part II. The present part I. contains the necessary preliminary work concerning terminal singularities. First I give standard forms for 3-dimensional terminal singularities over arbitrary fields. This is then used to develop a fairly complete topological classification over the reals.

alg-geom↗