arXiv subjects

J. K. Singh

Publications and source records attributed to J. K. Singh.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

The cosmic consequences and the constraints on HN-gravity

In this paper, we investigate the latetime cosmic acceleration of the Quintessence model within the framework of Hoyle Narlikar Gravity (HNG), which incorporates a creation field. Using the Hubble tension as a function of the density parameter for matter, the density parameter for radiation, and the density parameter for dark energy in the covariant formulation, we find the gravitational field equations in the spatially flat, homogeneous, and isotropic spacetime to examine the dynamical mechanism that leads to cosmic acceleration in the late-time universe. We analyze the observational constraints on the latetime density parameters using various recent observational datasets, including the Hubble datasets, Pantheon plus, and the joint compilation, Pantheon BAO. Consequently, it is explicitly demonstrated that latetime cosmic acceleration can be consistent with recent observational data in Hoyle Narlikar Gravity with nonminimal matter interaction. In contrast with other modified theories of gravity, it is observed that the creation field theory with non minimal matter interaction renders more compact constraints on the Hubble tension together with density parameters, and extensively explains the accelerating expansion of the universe, which makes it a more plausible option compared to the LCDM model. Furthermore, the ww1 phase analysis confirms alternating thawing and freezing behaviour of the model, with all trajectories ultimately converging toward the LCDM point, thereby confirming the model stability and the observational consistency.

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arXiv2026

Scale-Invariant Bounce Cosmology in Weyl f(Q) Gravity with Quintom Signature

We investigate a bouncing cosmological model within the Weyl-type $f(Q)$ gravity framework, employing a power-law form of the non-metricity scalar $Q$. The model successfully resolves the initial singularity problem by demonstrating a nonsingular bounce, where the universe transitions from a contracting phase $ \dot{a}(t)<0 $ to an expanding phase ($ \dot{a}(t)>0 $) at the bouncing point $t \approx 0.$ Key features include the violation of the null energy condition (NEC) near the bounce and the crossing of the phantom divide line ($ω=-1$) by the equation of state (EoS) parameter, indicating quintom-like behavior. The model exhibits accelerated expansion post-bounce, suggesting an inflationary phase. Stability analysis via the adiabatic index reveals instability near the bouncing point, while energy conditions highlight the dominance of dark energy. Additionally, the study explores scalar fields, showing that quintessence-like kinetic energy becomes negative and phantom-like kinetic energy peaks positively near the bounce, aligning with dark energy dynamics. The Hubble parameter, deceleration parameter, and Hubble radius further validate the bouncing scenario, with the latter displaying symmetric behaviour around the bounce. These results underscore the viability of Weyl-type $f(Q)$ gravity as a framework for nonsingular bouncing cosmologies, offering insights into early universe dynamics and dark energy behaviour.

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arXiv2025

Anisotropic power-law inflation for the Sáez-Ballester theory non-minimally coupled to a vector field

In this paper, we would like to examine whether the Sáez-Ballester theory admits stable and attractive Bianchi type I inflationary solutions in the presence of a non-minimal coupling between scalar and vector fields such as $f^2(ϕ)F_{μν}F^{μν}$. As a result, such a solution will be shown to exist within this theory for a suitable setup of fields. Interestingly, the considered Sáez-Ballester theory can be shown to be equivalent to the standard scalar-vector theory via a suitable field redefinition. This means that the obtained solution can be reduced to that derived in an original anisotropic inflation model proposed by Kanno, Soda, and Watanabe. Consequently, the corresponding tensor-to-scalar ratio of this solution turns out to be higher than the latest observational value of the Planck satellite (Planck 2018) due to the fact that $c_s$, the corresponding speed of sound of scalar perturbations of the Sáez-Ballester theory, turns out to be one. This result indicates an important hint that the speed of sound, $c_s$, could play an important role in making the corresponding non-canonical anisotropic inflation cosmologically viable in the light of the Planck 2018 data. To be more specific, we will point out that any modifications of the Sáez-Ballester theory having $c_s \sim 0.1$ will have a great potential to be highly consistent with the Planck 2018 data. For heuristic reasons, a simple modified version of the Sáez-Ballester theory will be proposed as a specific demonstration. As a result, we will show that this modified model admits an anisotropic power-law inflationary solution as expected.

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arXiv2025

Cosmic reverberations on a constrained $ f(Q,T) $-model of the Universe

In this paper, we construct an isotropic cosmological model in the $ f(Q, T) $ theory of gravity in the frame of a flat FLRW spacetime being $ Q $ the non-metricity tensor and $ T $ the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. The gravity function is taken to be a quadratic equation, $ f(Q, T)=ζQ^2 + γT $, where $ ζ<0 $ and $ γ$ are the arbitrary constants. We constrain the model parameters $ α$ and $ H_0 $ using the recent observational datasets: the Hubble dataset (OHD), the $ Pantheon $ dataset of $ 1048 $ points, and the joint dataset (OHD + $ Pantheon $). The universe model transitions from an early deceleration state to an acceleration in late times. This model also provides the ekpyrotic phase of the universe on the redshift $ z>12.32 $. In this model, the Big Bang is described as a collision of branes, and thus, the Big Bang is not the beginning of time. Before the Big Bang, there is an ekpyrotic phase with the equation of state $ ω>> 1 $. In late times, the undeviating Hubble measurements reduce the $ H_0 $ tension in the reconstructed $ f(Q, T) $ function. Additionally, we study various physical parameters of the model. Finally, our model describes a quintessence dark energy model at later times.

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arXiv2024

Cosmic observation of a model in the horizon of $ f(Q, C) $-gravity

In this work, we developed a cosmological model in $ f(Q, C) $ gravity within the framework of symmetric teleparallel geometry. In addition to the non-metricity scalar $Q $, our formulation includes the boundary term $ C $, which accounts for its deviation from the standard Levi-Civita Ricci scalar $ R^* $ in the Lagrangian. We derived the field equations for the metric and affine connection, employed them within a cosmological setting, and a vanishing affine connection to derive modified Friedmann equations. We used the latest observational dataset OHD in the redshift range $ z \in [0, 2.36]$, Pantheon + SH0ES in the redshift range $ z \in (0.01, 2.26)$, BAO, and the joint datasets OHD + Pantheon + SH0ES and OHD + Pantheon + SH0ES + BAO to constrain the parameters of our model by employing Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method to minimize the $χ^2$ term. Using the constrained free model parameters, we carefully analyzed the behavior of different physical parameters and verified that the model transits from deceleration to acceleration. Finally, we observed that the model demonstrates an expanding quintessence dark energy model and converges to the $ Λ$CDM in later times.

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arXiv2024

Evolution of the universe with quintessence model in Rastall gravity

We investigate the universe's evolution within the framework of Rastall gravity, which is an extension of the standard $Λ$CDM model. Utilizing a linear parametrization of the Equation of State (EoS) in a Friedmann-Lema\^ıtre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) background, we constrain the model parameters through analysis of cosmic chronometers (CC), Pantheon, Gold, Gamma Ray Burst (GRB), and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) datasets, as well as their joint analysis, under $1σ$ and $2σ$ confidence levels, considering the Rastall parameter $λ$. The constrained parameters are then used to compare our model with the standard $Λ$CDM model. Our findings include a detailed examination of the model's physical interpretations and demonstrate the potential for an accelerating universe expansion in later times, aligning with the observed behavior of dark energy.

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arXiv2024

Observational Constraints and Cosmographic Analysis of $f({T},{T}_{G})$ Gravity and Cosmology

We perform observational confrontation and cosmographic analysis of $f(T,T_G)$ gravity and cosmology. This higher-order torsional gravity is based on both the torsion scalar, as well as on the teleparallel equivalent of the Gauss--Bonnet combination, and gives rise to an effective dark-energy sector which depends on the extra torsion contributions. We employ observational data from the Hubble function and supernova Type Ia Pantheon datasets, applying a Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling technique, and we provide the iso-likelihood contours, as well as the best-fit values for the parameters of the power-law model, an ansatz which is expected to be a good approximation of most realistic deviations from general relativity. Additionally, we reconstruct the effective dark-energy equation-of-state parameter, which exhibits a quintessence-like behavior, while in the future the Universe enters into the phantom regime, before it tends asymptotically to the cosmological constant value. Furthermore, we perform a detailed cosmographic analysis, examining the deceleration, jerk, snap, and lerk parameters, showing that the transition to acceleration occurs in the redshift range $ 0.52 \leq z_{tr} \leq 0.89 $, as well as the preference of the scenario for quintessence-like behavior. Finally, we apply the Om

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arXiv2024

Power law cosmology in Gauss-Bonnet gravity with pragmatic analysis

In this study, we present an approach $ f(R, G) $ gravity incorporating power law in $ G $. To study the cosmic evolution of the universe given by the reconstruction of the Hubble parameter given by $ E(z) = \bigg( 1+\frac{z(α+(1+z)^β)}{2 β+ 1} \bigg)^{\frac{3}{2 β}} $. Subsequently, we use various recent observational datasets of OHD, Pantheon, and BAO to estimate the model parameters $ H_0,~α$, and $ β$ applying the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique in the emcee package to establish the validity of the model. In our findings, we observe that our model shows consistency with standard $ Λ$CDM, transits from deceleration to acceleration, and enters the quintessence region in late times. The cosmological model satisfies necessary energy constraints, simultaneously violating the strong energy condition (SEC), indicating a repulsive nature and consistent with accelerated expansion. The cosmic evolution of the Hawking temperature and the total entropy for the various observational datasets also show the validity of the model. Thus, our established model demonstrates sufficient potential for explicitly describing cosmological models.

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arXiv2024

The consequence of higher-order curvature-based constraints on $ f(R, L_m) $ gravity

In this investigation, we perform an observational statistical analysis in the theory of $ f(R, L_m) $ gravity. The proposed theoretical model is based on the Ricci scalar's non-linear contribution. We use a distinct parameterization for the deceleration parameter and constrain the model parameters by using various observational data. To determine the best-fit model for the cosmological parameters, we use different observational datasets such as the Hubble Space Telescope, the Pantheon Supernova Survey, the Gold dataset, the Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB), and the Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO). Furthermore, we study the late-time cosmic evolution of the Universe in detail and examine the implications of the constraint values on cosmological parameters. Additionally, we conduct a thorough comparison with the standard cosmological model $ Λ$CDM and other standard models obtained by Odintsov et al. \cite{Odintsov:2023cli, Odintsov:2024lid} to examine the validity of our proposed model in the low-redshift regimes. Finally, we find that the proposed model encapsulates an intriguing transition from early deceleration at high redshift to acceleration at low redshift, a quintessence dark energy scenario, and convergence towards the well-established $ Λ$CDM model in late-time Universe's evolution.

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arXiv2024

Power law cosmology in modified theory with thermodynamics analysis

In this paper, we consider a cosmological model in $ f(R, G) $ gravity in a flat space-time, where $ R $ is the Ricci scalar and $ G $ is the Gauss-Bonnet invariant. The function $ f(R, G) $ is taken as a linear combination of $ R $ and an exponential function of $ G $. We analyze the observational constraints under a power law cosmology which depends on two physical parameters: the Hubble constant $ H_0 $ and the deceleration parameter $ q $. We constrain these two dependent parameters using the latest 77 points of the OHD data, 1048 points of the Pantheon data, and the joint data OHD+Pantheon and compare the results with the $ Λ$CDM. Also, we speculate constraints using a simulated data set for the future JDEM (Joint Dark Energy Mission)/Omega, supernovae survey. We see that $ H_0 $ is in very close agreement with some of the latest results from the Planck Collaboration that assume the $ Λ$CDM model. Our work in power law cosmology better fits the Pantheon data than the earlier analysis \cite{Kumar:2011sw, Rani:2014sia}. However, the constraints obtained on $ H $ average, $ $ and $ q $ average, $ $ using the simulated data set for the future JDEM/Omega, supernovae survey are found to be inconsistent with the values obtained from the OHD and the Pantheon data. Additionally, we discuss statefinder diagnostics and see that the power law models approach the standard $Λ$CDM model ($ q\rightarrow -1 $). This model satisfies the Generalized Second Law of Thermodynamics. Finally, we conclude that the power law cosmology in $ f(R, G) $ gravity explains most of the distinguished attributes of evolution in cosmology.

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arXiv2024

New parametrization of the dark-energy equation of state with a single parameter

We propose a novel dark-energy equation-of-state parametrization, with a single parameter $η$ that quantifies the deviation from $Λ$CDM cosmology. We first confront the scenario with various datasets, from Hubble function (OHD), Pantheon, baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), and their joint observations, and we show that $η$ has a preference for a non-zero value, namely a deviation from $Λ$CDM cosmology is favored, although the zero value is marginally inside the 1$σ$ confidence level. However, we find that the present Hubble function value acquires a higher value, namely $ H_0= 66.624^{+0.011}_{-0.013}~Km~ s^{-1} Mpc^{-1} $, which implies that the $H_0$ tension can be partially alleviated. Additionally, we perform a cosmographic analysis, showing that the universe transits from deceleration to acceleration in the recent cosmological past, nevertheless, in the future, it will not result in a de Sitter phase, since it exhibits a second transition from acceleration to deceleration. Finally, we perform the Statefinder analysis. The scenario behaves similarly to the $ Λ$CDM paradigm at high redshifts, while the deviation becomes significant at late and recent times and especially in the future.

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arXiv2024

Dynamical analysis of a hyperbolic solution in Scale-covariant theory

We study an isotropic flat FLRW-model in Scale-covariant theory of gravity $ f_{γδ}(ϕ) $ \cite{Canuto:1977zz} which is explained in terms of ordinary and covariant differentiation of scalar field $ ϕ$. As we know the deceleration parameter is time-dependent, so we consider the deceleration parameter $ q $ as the function of $ t $. Using this methodology, we find all the important cosmological factors in terms of a hyperbolic function of the cosmic time $ t $. In turn, we create the model having the behavior of the late-time universe, which is ever accelerated expanding and faces a Big Freeze at the end. The model shows the quintessence dark energy model from early to late times. We compute the constrained values of Hubble parameter $ H_0=70.979^{+0.021}_{-0.0043} $ and the model parameter $ n=1.24079^{+0.00015}_{-0.00079} $ using joint analysis of the $ OHD $ data of 77-points and Pantheon bin data. The model exhibits point-type singularity, beginning with a point of zero volume, infinite energy density, and temperature. Furthermore, we obtain the present deceleration parameter $ (q_0) \approx {-0.54} $. Also, we examine the ultimate behavior of our model by properly analyzing energy conditions, cosmographical parameters, and Statefinder diagnostic. Finally, the proposed model behaves like a quintessence dark energy model.

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arXiv2024

EDSFD parametrization in $ f(R,T) $ gravity with linear curvature terms

This paper investigates the flat Friedmann-Lema$\hat{\imath}$tre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) cosmological model using a suitable parameterization represented as a differential equation concerning the energy density of the scalar field, $ρ_ϕ$, in the context of $f(R,T)$ gravity theory. This parameterization is known as the Energy Density Scalar Field Differential Equation (EDSFD) parametrization. It results in a solution of the Hubble parameter containing four model parameters, namely, $Ω_{m0},Ω_{ϕ0}, H_0,$ and $α$. To constrain the model parameters, $77$ data points from the Hubble dataset, $1048$ points from the Pantheon dataset, and $6$ data points from BAO are used. Using the constrained values, we analyze and compare our model with the standard $Λ$CDM model. The evolution of the physical parameters, which includes the deceleration parameter, density parameter, Equation of State (EoS) for Dark Energy, and $Om(z)$ diagnostic, are discussed.

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arXiv2024

Stability analysis of a dark energy model in Rastall gravity

We study a cosmological model in Rastall's theory of gravity in the framework of the flat FLRW metric. We formulate the value of the Hubble parameter, which contains two model parameters, $ α$ and $ j $. Employing the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling technique, we determine the values of these model parameters along with their uncertainties. Moreover, we derive the equation of state (EoS) parameter, which converges around the quintessence region. We perform a dynamical system analysis using the linearization technique to validate the results independently. Also, we discuss various physical attributes of the model, highlighting the transition to acceleration and the violation of the strong energy condition (SEC) in the late stages of evolution. In conclusion, our model mimics the behavior of a dark matter fluid during the past epoch and transitions into a quintessence dark energy model in the future epoch.

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arXiv2024

Photon orbits and phase transition for Letelier AdS black holes immersed in perfect fluid dark matter

We obtain an exact solution of spherically symmetric Letelier AdS black holes immersed in perfect fluid dark matter (PFDM). Considering the cosmological constant as the positive pressure of the system and volume as its conjugate variable, we analyse the thermodynamics of our black holes in the extended phase space. Owing to the background clouds of strings parameter ($a$) and the parameter endowed with PFDM ($β$), we analyse the Hawking temperature, entropy and specific heat. We also investigate the relationship between the photon sphere radius and the phase transition for the Letelier AdS black holes immersed in PFDM. Through the analysis, we find with a particular condition, there are non-monotonic behaviours between the photon sphere radius, the impact parameter, the PFDM parameter, temperature, and pressure. We can regard both the changes of photon sphere radius and impact parameter before and after phase transition as the order parameter; their critical exponents near the critical point are equal to the same value 1/2, just like ordinary thermal systems. These indicate that a universal relation of gravity may exist near the critical point for a black hole thermodynamic system.

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arXiv2024

Late time phantom characteristic of the model in $f(R,T)$ gravity with quadratic curvature term

We propose a novel cosmological framework within the $f(R,T)$ type modified gravity theory, incorporating a non-minimally coupled with the higher order of the Ricci scalar ($R$) as well as the trace of the energy-momentum tensor ($T$). Therefore, our well-motivated chosen $f(R,T)$ expression is $ R + R^m + 2 λT^n$, where $λ$, $m$, and $n$ are arbitrary constants. Taking a constant jerk parameter ($j$), we derive expressions for the deceleration parameter ($q$) and the Hubble parameter ($H$) as functions of the redshift $z$. We constrained our model with the recent Observational Hubble Dataset (OHD), $Pantheon$, and $ Pantheon $ + OHD datasets by using the analysis of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). Our model shows early deceleration followed by late-time acceleration, with the transition occurring in the redshift range $1.10 \leq z_{tr} \leq 1.15$. Our findings suggest that this higher-order model of $f(R,T)$ gravity theory can efficiently provide a dark energy model for addressing the current scenario of cosmic acceleration.

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arXiv2023

A model of dark matter dark energy interaction with some cosmic consequences

In this study, we will look at an interacting dark energy model. In the framework of Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) space-time, we have made the hypothesis of an interacting scheme between two fields (dark matter (DM) and dark energy (DE)). The evolution of the dark energy model in the above-mentioned spatially and homogeneous space-time has been studied from the viewpoint of interaction between DM and DE. This interacting scenario has been established by choosing an appropriate ansatz of the scale factor $a(t)$. By computing cosmological parameters (geometrical and physical) such as deceleration parameter $q$, energy density $ρ$, pressure $p$, equation of state parameter $ω$, and density parameter $Ω$, we have performed energy conditions, scalar field description, and refined swampland conjecture to support the interaction model that we have developed.

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arXiv2023

An FLRW accelerating universe model in Weyl type $f(Q)$ gravity and Observational Constraints

We propose to develop a cosmological model of the universe based on Weyl type $ f(Q) $ gravity which shows the transition from decelerating in the past to acceleration at present by considering a particular functional form of $ f(Q) $ gravity as $ f(Q) = ({H_0}^2) (α_1 + α_2 \hskip0.05in log ({H_0^{-2}} Q)) $. We have solved Weyl type $ f(Q) $ gravity field equations numerically and have obtained numerical solutions to the Hubble and deceleration parameters, distance modulus, and apparent magnitudes of stellar objects like SNIa Supernovae. We have also obtained numerical solutions for the Weyl vector $ w $, non-metricity scalar $ Q $, and the Lagrangian multiplier $ λ$ appearing in the action of $ f(Q) $ gravity. We have compared our theoretical solutions with the error bar plots of the Observed Hubble data set of $ 77 $ points, $ 580 $ distance modulus SNIa data set, and $ 1048 $ supernova Pantheon data sets of apparent magnitudes. It is found that our results fit well with the observed data set points. \bf{The model envisages a unique feature that although the universe is filled with perfect fluid as dust whose pressure is zero, still the weyl vector dominance f(Q) creates acceleration in it. }

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