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J. Ryckebusch

Publications and source records attributed to J. Ryckebusch.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

Regge-plus-resonance predictions for kaon photoproduction from the neutron

We present predictions for n(gamma,K+)Sigma- differential cross sections and photon-beam asymmetries and compare them to recent LEPS data. We adapt a Regge-plus-resonance (RPR) model developed to describe photoinduced and electroinduced kaon production off protons. The non-resonant contributions to the amplitude are modelled in terms of K+(494) and K*+(892) Regge-trajectory exchange. This amplitude is supplemented with a selection of s-channel resonance diagrams. The three Regge-model parameters of the n(gamma,K+)Sigma- amplitude are derived from the ones fitted to proton data through SU(2) isospin considerations. A fair description of the n(gamma,K+)Sigma- data is realized, which demonstrates the Regge model's robustness and predictive power. Conversion of the resonances' couplings from the proton to the neutron is more challenging, as it requires knowledge of the photocoupling helicity amplitudes. We illustrate how the uncertainties of the helicity amplitudes propagate and heavily restrain the predictive power of the RPR and isobar models for kaon production off neutron targets.

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Generalized parton distributions of pseudoscalar mesons in a covariant constituent quark model

The isoscalar twist-two generalized parton distributions (GPDs) of the pion and the kaon are calculated in a Poincare covariant Bethe-Salpeter constituent quark model. Results are presented for several values of the parameters xi and t. The results satisfy the form factor constraints and the polynomiality condition. For the pion GPD, also the isospin symmetry constraint is fulfilled. The influence of kinematical variables and model parameters on the support of the GPDs is investigated. To this end, the strength parameters and quark masses of the constituent quark model are artificially varied.

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Neutrino-induced pion production from nuclei at medium energies

We present a fully relativistic formalism for describing neutrino-induced $Δ$-mediated single-pion production from nuclei. We assess the ambiguities stemming from the $Δ$ interactions. Variations in the cross sections of over 10% are observed, depending on whether or not magnetic-dipole dominance is assumed to extract the vector form factors. These uncertainties have a direct impact on the accuracy with which the axial-vector form factors can be extracted. Different predictions for $C_5^A(Q^2)$ induce up to 40-50% effects on the $Δ$-production cross sections. To describe the nucleus, we turn to a relativistic plane-wave impulse approximation (RPWIA) using realistic bound-state wave functions derived in the Hartree approximation to the $σ$-$ω$ Walecka model. For neutrino energies larger than 1 GeV, we show that a relativistic Fermi-gas model with appropriate binding-energy correction produces comparable results as the RPWIA which naturally includes Fermi motion, nuclear-binding effects and the Pauli exclusion principle. Including $Δ$ medium modifications yields a 20 to 25% reduction of the RPWIA cross section. The model presented in this work can be naturally extended to include the effect of final-state interactions in a relativistic and quantum-mechanical way. Guided by recent neutrino-oscillation experiments, such as MiniBooNE and K2K, and future efforts like MINER$ν$A, we present $Q^2$, $W$, and various semi-inclusive distributions, both for a free nucleon and carbon, oxygen and iron targets.

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Support of generalized parton distributions in Bethe-Salpeter models of hadrons

The proper support of generalized parton distributions from relativistic constituent quark models with pointlike constituents is studied. The correct support is guaranteed when the vertex function does not depend on the relative minus-momentum. We show that including quark interactions in models with pointlike constituent quarks might lead to a support problem. A computation of the magnitude of the support problem in the Bonn relativistic constituent quark model is presented.

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Color transparency and short-range correlations in exclusive pion photo- and electroproduction from nuclei

A relativistic and quantum mechanical framework to compute nuclear transparencies for pion photo- and electroproduction reactions is presented. Final-state interactions for the ejected pions and nucleons are implemented in a relativistic eikonal approach. At sufficiently large ejectile energies, a relativistic Glauber model can be adopted. At lower energies, the framework possesses the flexibility to use relativistic optical potentials. The proposed model can account for the color-transparency (CT) phenomenon and short-range correlations (SRC) in the nucleus. Results are presented for kinematics corresponding to completed and planned experiments at Jefferson Lab. The influence of CT and SRC on the nuclear transparency is studied. Both the SRC and CT mechanisms increase the nuclear transparency. The two mechanisms can be clearly separated, though, as they exhibit a completely different dependence on the hard scale parameter. The nucleon and pion transparencies as computed in the relativistic Glauber approach are compared with optical-potential and semi-classical calculations. The similarities in the trends and magnitudes of the nuclear transparencies indicate that they are not subject to strong model dependencies.

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A relativistic model for neutrino pion production from nuclei in the resonance region

We present a relativistic model for electroweak pion production from nuclei, focusing on the $Δ$ and the second resonance region. Bound states are derived in the Hartree approximation to the $σ-ω$ Walecka model. Final-state interactions of the outgoing pion and nucleon are described in a factorized way by means of a relativistic extension of the Glauber model. Our formalism allows a detailed study of neutrino pion production through $Q^2$, $W$, energy, angle and out-of-plane distributions.

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Electroproduction of kaons from the proton in a Regge-plus-resonance approach

We present a Regge-plus-resonance (RPR) description of the p(e,e'K^+)Y processes (Y=Λ,Σ^0) in the resonance region. The background contributions to the RPR amplitude are constrained by the high-energy p(γ, K^+)Y data. As a result, the number of free model parameters in the resonance region is considerably reduced compared to typical effective-Lagrangian approaches. We compare a selection of RPR model variants, originally constructed to describe $KY$ photoproduction, with the world electroproduction database. The electromagnetic form factors of the intermediate N^*s and $Δ^*s are computed in the Bonn constituent-quark model. With this input, we find a reasonable description of the p(e,e'K^+)Y data without adding or readjusting any parameters. It is demonstrated that the electroproduction response functions are extremely useful for fine-tuning both the background and resonant contributions to the reaction dynamics.

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Regge-plus-resonance treatment of the p(gamma,K^+)Sigma^0 and p(gamma,K^0)Sigma^+ reactions at forward kaon angles

An effective-Lagrangian framework for K Sigma photoproduction from the proton is presented. The proposed model is applicable at forward kaon angles and photon lab energies from threshold up to 16 GeV. The high-energy part of the p(gamma,K^+)Sigma^0 and p(gamma,K^0)Sigma^+ amplitudes is expressed in terms of Regge-trajectory exchange in the t channel. By supplementing this Regge background with a number of s-channel resonances, the model is extended towards the resonance region. The resulting ``Regge-plus-resonance'' (RPR) approach has the advantage that the background contributions involve only a few parameters, which can be largely constrained by the high-energy data. This work compares various implementations of the RPR model, and explores which resonance contributions are required to fit the data presently at hand. It is demonstrated that, through the inclusion of one K and two K* trajectories, the RPR framework provides an efficient and unified description of the K^+ Sigma^0 and K^0 Sigma^+ photoproduction channels over an extensive energy range.

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Strangeness content of the nucleon in quasielastic neutrino-nucleus reactions

We present a systematic study of the sensitivity of quasielastic neutrino-nucleus cross sections at intermediate energies to the strange quark sea of the nucleon. To this end, we investigate the impact of the weak strangeness form factors on the ratio of proton-to-neutron knockout, the ratio of neutral-to-charged current cross sections, on the Paschos-Wolfenstein relation, and on the longitudinal helicity asymmetry. The influence of axial as well as vector strangeness effects is discussed. For the latter, we introduce strangeness parameters from various hadron models and from a recent fit to data from parity violating electron scattering. In our model, the nuclear target is described in terms of a relativistic mean-field approach. The effects of final-state interactions on the outgoing nucleon are quantified within a relativistic multiple-scattering Glauber approach. Our results are illustrated with cross sections for the scattering of 1 GeV neutrinos and antineutrinos off a $^{12}$C target. Folding with a proposed FINeSSE (anti)neutrino energy-distribution has no qualitative influence on the overall sensitivity of the cross-section ratios to strangeness mechanisms. We show that vector strangeness effects are large and strongly $Q^2$ dependent.

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Second-Order Eikonal Corrections for A(e,e'p)

The first-order eikonal approximation is frequently adopted in interpreting the results of $A(e,e'p)$ measurements. Glauber calculations, for example, typically adopt the first-order eikonal approximation. We present an extension of the relativistic eikonal approach to $A(e,e'p)$ which accounts for second-order eikonal corrections. The numerical calculations are performed within the relativistic optical model eikonal approximation. The nuclear transparency results indicate that the effect of the second-order eikonal corrections is rather modest, even at $Q^{2} \approx 0.2$ (GeV/c)$^2$. The same applies to polarization observables, left-right asymmetries, and differential cross sections at low missing momenta. At high missing momenta, however, the second-order eikonal corrections are significant and bring the calculations in closer agreement with the data and/or the exact results from models adopting partial-wave expansions.

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16O(e,e'p) reaction at large missing energy

We investigate the origin of the strength at large missing energies in electron-induced proton knockout reactions. For that purpose the reaction 16O(e,e'p) was studied at a central value omega=210 MeV of the energy transfer, and two values of the momentum transfer: q=300, 400 MeV/c, corresponding to the "dip region". Differential cross sections were determined in a large range of missing energy (Em=0-140 MeV) and proton emission angle (gamma_pq =0-110 deg), and compared to predictions of a model that includes nucleon-nucleon short-range correlations and two-body currents. It is observed that, in the kinematic domain covered by this experiment, the largest contribution to the cross section stems from two-body currents, while short-range correlations contribute a significant fraction

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Electromagnetic KY production from the proton in a Regge-plus-resonance approach

A Regge-plus-resonance (RPR) description of the p(γ,K)Y and p(e,e'K)Y processes (Y = Λ, Σ^{0,+}) is presented. The proposed reaction amplitude consists of Regge-trajectory exchanges in the t channel, supplemented with a limited selection of s-channel resonance diagrams. The RPR framework contains a considerably smaller number of free parameters than a typical effective-Lagrangian model. Nevertheless, it provides an acceptable overall description of the photo- and electroproduction observables over an extensive photon energy range. It is shown that the electroproduction response functions and polarization observables are particularly useful for fine-tuning both the background and resonance parameters.

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Nuclear transparencies from photoinduced pion production

We present a relativistic and cross-section factorized framework for computing nuclear transparencies extracted from A(γ,πN) reactions at intermediate energies. The proposed quantummechanical model adopts a relativistic extension to the multiple-scattering Glauber approximation to account for the final state interactions of the ejected nucleon and pion. The theoretical predictions are compared against the experimental ^4He(γ,p π^-) data from Jefferson Lab. For those data, our results show no conclusive evidence for the onset of mechanisms related to color transparency.

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The Paschos-Wolfenstein relation in a hadronic picture

The Paschos-Wolfenstein (PW) relation joins neutral- and charged-current neutrino- and antineutrino-induced cross sections into an expression that depends on the weak mixing angle $\sin^2 θ_W$. Contrary to the traditional approach with partonic degrees of freedom, we adopt a model built on hadronic degrees of freedom to perform a study of the PW relation at intermediate energies (100 MeV to 2 GeV). With upcoming high-statistics scattering experiments such as MINER$ν$A and FINeSSE, a scrutiny of the PW relation is timely. Employing a relativistic Glauber nucleon knockout model for the description of quasielastic neutrino-nucleus reactions, the influence of nuclear effects on the PW relation is investigated. We discuss nuclear-model dependences and show that the PW relation is a robust ratio, mitigating the effect of final-state interactions, for example to the 1% level. The role played by a possible strangeness content of the nucleon is investigated. It appears that the uncertainties arising from the poorly known strangeness parameters and the difficulties in nuclear modelling seriously limit the applicability of the PW relation as an intermediate-energy electroweak precision tool. On the other hand, we show that nuclear effects may be sufficiently well under control to allow the extraction of new information on the axial strangeness parameter. Results are presented for $^{16} {O}$ and $^{56} {Fe}$.

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A relativistic framework to determine the nuclear transparency from A(p,2p) reactions

A relativistic framework for computing the nuclear transparency extracted from A(p,2p) scattering processes is presented. The model accounts for the initial- and final-state interactions (IFSI) within the relativistic multiple-scattering Glauber approximation (RMSGA). For the description of color transparency, two existing models are used. The nuclear filtering mechanism is implemented as a possible explanation for the oscillatory energy dependence of the transparency. Results are presented for the target nuclei 7Li, 12C, 27Al, and 63Cu. An approximated, computationally less intensive version of the RMSGA framework is found to be sufficiently accurate for the calculation of the nuclear transparency. After including the nuclear filtering and color transparency mechanisms, our calculations are in acceptable agreement with the data.

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Electroweak interactions in a relativistic Fermi gas

We present a relativistic model for computing the neutrino mean free path in neutron matter. Thereby, neutron matter is described as a non-interacting Fermi gas in beta-equilibrium. We present results for the neutrino mean free path for temperatures from 0 up to 50 MeV and a broad range of neutrino energies. We show that relativistic effects cause a considerable enhancement of neutrino-scattering cross-sections in neutron matter. The influence of the $Q^2$-dependence in the electroweak form factors and the inclusion of a weak magnetic term in the hadron current is discussed. The weak-magnetic term in the hadron current is at the origin of some selective spin dependence for the nucleons which are subject to neutrino interactions.

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Relativistic eikonal description of A(p,pN) reactions

The authors present a relativistic and cross-section factorized framework for computing quasielastic A(p,pN) observables at intermediate and high energies. The model is based on the eikonal approximation and can accomodate both optical potentials and the Glauber method for dealing with the initial- and final-state interactions (IFSI). At lower nucleon energies, the optical-potential philosophy is preferred, whereas at higher energies the Glauber method is more natural. This versatility in dealing with the IFSI allows one to describe A(p,pN) reactions in a wide energy range. Most results presented here use optical potentials as this approach is argued to be the optimum choice for the kinematics of the experiments considered in the present paper. The properties of the IFSI factor, a function wherein the entire effect of the IFSI is contained, are studied in detail. The predictions of the presented framework are compared with two kinematically different experiments. First, differential cross sections for quasielastic proton scattering at 1 GeV off 12C, 16O, and 40Ca target nuclei are computed and compared to data from PNPI. Second, the formalism is applied to the analysis of a 4He(p,2p) experiment at 250 MeV. The optical-potential calculations are found to be in good agreement with the data from both experiments, showing the reliability of the adopted model in a wide energy range.

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Forward-angle K+ Lambda photoproduction in a Regge-plus-resonance approach

We present an effective-Lagrangian description for forward-angle K+ Lambda photoproduction from the proton, valid for photon lab energies from threshold up to 16 GeV. The high-energy part of the amplitude is modeled in terms of t-channel Regge-trajectory exchange. The sensitivity of the calculated observables to the Regge-trajectory phase is investigated in detail. The model is extended towards the resonance region by adding a number of s-channel resonances to the t-channel background. The proposed hybrid ``Regge-plus-resonance'' (RPR) approach allows one to exploit the p(gamma,K+)Lambda data in their entirety, resulting in stronger constraints on both the background and resonance couplings. The high-energy data can be used to fix the background contributions, leaving the resonance couplings as the sole free parameters in the resonance region. We compare various implementations of the RPR model, and explore to what extent the description of the data can be improved by introducing the ``new'' resonances D13(1900) and P11(1900). Despite its limited number of free parameters, the proposed RPR approach provides an efficient description of the p(gamma,K+)Lambda dynamics in and beyond the resonance region.

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