arXiv subjects

Jacek Gosciniak

Publications and source records attributed to Jacek Gosciniak.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Implementation of distillation protocols using a recirculating bricks mesh network

General-purpose programmable photonic processors provide a flexible foundation for integrating various functionalities within a single chip. A two-dimensional bricks waveguide mesh of Mach Zehnder interferometers has been demonstrated to possess considerable potential in the domain of photonic neural networks and quantum signal processing. In this article, we propose an expansion of the available applications of recirculating bricks mesh architecture to distillation protocols necessary for quantum signal processing. These protocols are essential for the heralding of the output of single photons, which is characterized by a reduced distinguishability error rate. The demonstration will be made of a single programmable optical system's ability to realize various distillation protocols with reduced computational resource costs. The present study will concentrate on cascaded quantum interferometers and Fourier transform-based schemes. It will demonstrate that the bricks mesh can implement such schemes, which are unattainable using feed-forward networks, without the need for complex out-of-plane integration. The propagation of the signal in any direction, along with the utilization of all ports as both input and output, facilitates the execution of such transformations with minimal optical depth of the circuit and in time scales shorter than the decoherence time.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2026

Programmable recirculating bricks mesh architecture for photonic neural networks

General-purpose programmable photonic processors are considered a crucial technology because they combine the ultra high-speed, massive bandwidth, and energy efficiency of light-based computing with the flexibility of software-defined hardware. Unlike application-specific photonic integrated circuits (ASPIC) designed for one task, these processors use reconfigurable waveguide meshes to implement various functions, such as switching, filtering, or AI computation, on a single chip, allowing for rapid prototyping and versatile, on-demand hardware redefinition. Here we report a recirculating bricks mesh architecture that can be easily implemented in photonic neural networks. It will be shown that a single programmable optical system is capable of performing various functions depending on the requirements. In particular, we will show that the same network, after being reprogrammed, can perform many different functions, ranging from a crossbar network to optical interference circuits with variable structures, which can then be subjected to Singular Value Decomposition. Furthermore, the "bricks" mesh serves as an excellent foundation for implementing a monitoring system capable of monitoring the power in each location of the circuit and, subsequently, sel-fcalibrating and stabilizing the circuit using a feedback loop.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2026

Programmable recirculating bricks mesh architecture for quantum photonics

General-purpose programmable photonic processors offer a flexible foundation for integrating various functionalities within a single chip. A two-dimensional hexagonal waveguide mesh of Mach Zehnder interferometers has been shown to have great potential in the field of microwave photonics. Additionally, they are a promising platform for the creation of unitary linear transformations, which are key elements in photonic neural networks, In this article, we expand the portfolio of available applications for recirculating bricks mesh architecture to quantum technologies. We will show that a single programmable optical system is capable of performing various functions depending on the requirements. In particular, we will focus in this work on boson sampling, a task that best demonstrates quantum advantage, as well as on tasks that enable the determination of photon indistinguishability, which plays a key role in photonic quantum technologies. We will also show that, in addition to spatial modes, the same optical system can be equally well-suited for work on temporal modes through the implementation of an appropriate number of loops.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2025

Automated control strategy for setting and stabilization of photonic circuits

In this paper, we propose the Wheatstone bridge configuration for enabling real-time and closed-loop stabilization and calibration of photonic devices integrated on chip. The measurement of the optical power propagating in a waveguide is achieved by leveraging the photo-thermal resistance variation of one of the resistors that comprise a bridge, which is either part of the waveguide or in close contact with the waveguide. The voltage generated by a monitor is applied through a processing unit to preceding actuators with a view to locking a system at the desired signal level. As all the "resistors" consisting of the Wheatstone bridge are placed on a single material platform in proximity to each other, the bridge is insensitive to temperature variations. Consequently, it functions exclusively as a monitor for the optical power propagating in a waveguide. Due to the high sensitivity of the monitor, automatic re-tuning of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer can be achieved with a recovery time defined by the material properties of the bridge "resistor". The material platform and arrangement can be implemented for both monitoring and activating the actuators, which makes the proposed system an attractive candidate for closed-loop control of optical devices. Furthermore, in contradistinction to the majority of monitors and photodetectors, which provide electrical current as an outcome of measuring an optical signal, the proposed circuit provides voltage, thereby eradicating the necessity to convert current to voltage at a later stage. This serves to firstly streamline the entire circuit and secondly contribute to a substantial diminution in the noise level in the circuit.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2025

Shifted rectangular mesh architecture for programmable photonics

Programmable integrated photonics has evolved into a potent platform for implementing diverse optical functions on a single chip through software-driven reconfiguration. At the core of these processors are the photonic waveguide meshes that enable flexible light routing and manipulation. However, recirculating hexagonal waveguide meshes, which currently constitute the basic component of the mesh, are essentially limited by the fixed dimensions of their elementary cells, which consist of as many as six components, limiting their spectral and temporal resolution. These limitations have a detrimental effect on the processing of broadband signals and the application of high-precision delay lines. Here, we introduce the concept of shifted rectangular waveguide mesh architecture for programmable photonics by shifting the adjacent columns or rows by a certain specific value. The operation of these shifted rectangular cells is predicated on the rectangular shape of the cell, which is associated with a smaller number of tunable basic units (TBUs), i.e., four, compared to cells based on a hexagonal mesh, i.e., six. However, at the same time, they allow the signal to be redirected to the input port, which distinguishes them from the regular square mesh-based structure. This approach unlocks new degrees of freedom in programmable photonic circuits, offering enhanced spectral and temporal tunability. Additionally, it paves the way for advanced application in topological photonics, quantum information processing, neuromorphic and high-speed optical computing. The photonic chip arranged in this architecture is capable of implementing one or multiple simultaneous photonics circuits with optical feedback paths and/or linear multiport transformations by the appropriate programming of its resources and the selection of its input and output ports.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2025

Integrated plasmo-photonic sensor with voltage controled detection

In this paper, we propose and analyze a waveguide-integrated interferometric sensor in which interference occurs between two plasmonic modes propagating in a single plasmonic waveguide. For the purpose of sensing, the vertical plasmonic slot waveguide was rearranged by increasing the distance between the metal electrodes. Consequently, the plasmonic modes associated with each metal electrode have been separated, enabling them to propagate independently on opposing edges of metal electrodes what allows for the implementation of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The metal electrodes that support the plasmonic modes can also function as electrical contacts. By applying a DC voltage between them, it is possible to efficiently separate ions that drift to one of the metal electrodes. Consequently, any change in a transmission from the interferometer refers only to the amount of ions in a liquid as the output signal from the interferometer is normalized to a liquid by the reference arm which is in direct contact with the examined liquid solution. The total amount of ions in the examined liquid remains constant, however, what changes is their distribution in the gap as the ions drift toward one of the metal electrodes when a voltage is applied. The proposed configuration is highly sensitive to variations in transmission between the two arms of the interferometer, enabling a record sensitivity of over 12460 nm/RIU, even at the telecom wavelength of 1550 nm. A further enhancement in sensitivity is expected in the mid-infrared wavelengths, which correspond to the maximum absorption peaks of most chemical and biological compounds.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2024

Thickness-dependent properties of transparent conductive oxides for epsilon-near-zero applications

In recent years, epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials have attracted much attention due to their unique properties that can be tuned under electrical and optical signals. Furthermore, they allow for a strong enhancement of a nonlinearity close to the ENZ regime, which can have a direct impact on many fields ranging from telecommunications, sensing, quantum optics, to neuromorphic computing. Among the many materials belonging to the ENZ class, transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) are of particular interest because they are very well known to the community and possess very well understood electrical and optical properties. This work extends the direct control of the optical properties of transparent conductive oxides by tailoring the film thickness, which opens new possibilities for ENZ-enhanced photonic applications. It is shown that the thickness-dependent ENZ resonance in the TCO films is equivalent to the power-dependent ENZ resonance as for the same amount of power provided to the TCO film the electric field confinement in the thinner films is highly enhanced for TM polarized light, resulting in the higher electrons effective mass. Thus, the optical properties of TCO can be optically tuned in the ENZ regime, which opens possibilities for a new type of devices that can operate under all-optical switching mechanism.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2023

Schottky photodetectors with transparent conductive oxides for photonic integrated circuits

Silicon photonics has many attractive features but faces a major issue: inefficient and slow photodetection in the telecom range. New metal-semiconductor Schottky photodetectors based on intraband absorption address this problem, but their efficiency remains low. We suggest that by creating a junction between silicon and a transparent oxide with appropriate doping, which results in a real permittivity close to zero (known as the epsilon near zero or ENZ regime), detection efficiency could increase by more than tenfold. Using Aluminum Zinc Oxide (AZO) as an example, we design an optimized AZO/Si slot photonic waveguide detector that could potentially reach an efficiency of several tens of percent, in contrast to a few percent for a metal/Si Schottky detector. This increase is primarily due to the lower density of states in AZO compared to metal, along with superior coupling efficiency and strong absorption within a 10 nm slot.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2023

Integrated bolometric photodetectors based on transparent conductive oxides from near- to mid-infrared wavelengths

On-chip photodetectors are essential components in optical communications as they convert light into an electrical signal. Photobolometers are type of photodetector that functions through a resistance change caused by electronic temperature fluctuations upon light absorption. They are widely used in the broad wavelength range from UV to MIR and can operate on a wide material platform. In this work, I introduce a novel waveguide-integrated bolometer that operates in a wide wavelength range from NIR to MIR on the standard material platform with the transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) as the active material. This material platform enables the construction of both modulators and photodetectors using the same material, which is fully CMOS compatible and easily integrated with passive on-chip components. The photobolometers proposed here consist of a thin TCO layer placed inside the rib photonic waveguide to enhance light absorption and then heat the electrons in the TCO to temperatures above 1000 K. This rise in electron temperature leads to decreasing electron mobility and consequential electrical resistance change. In consequence, a responsivity exceeding 10 A/W can be attained with a mere few microwatts of optical input power. Calculations suggest that further improvements can be expected with lower doping of the TCO, thus opening new doors in on-chip photodetectors.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2023

Transparent conductive oxides and low loss nitride-rich silicon waveguides as building blocks for neuromorphic photonics

Fully CMOS-compatible photonic memory holding devices hold a potential in a development of ultrafast artificial neural networks. Leveraging the benefits of photonics such as high-bandwidth, low latencies, low-energy interconnect and high speed they can overcome the existing limits of the electronic processing. To satisfy all these requirements a new photonic platform is proposed that combines low-loss nitride-rich silicon as a guide and low-loss transparent conductive oxides as an active material that can provide high nonlinearity and bistability under both electrical and optical signals.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2023

Transparent conductive oxides as a material platform for photonic neural networks

Photonics integrated circuits have a huge potential to serve as a framework for a new class of information processing machines and can enable ultrafast artificial neural networks. They can overcome the existing speed and power limits of the electronic processing elements and provide additional benefits of photonics such as high-bandwidth, sub-nanosecond latencies and low-energy interconnect credentials leading to a new paradigm called neuromorphic photonics. The main obstacle to realize such a task is a lack of proper material platform that imposes serious requirements on the architecture of the network. Here we suggest and justify that transparent conductive oxides can be an excellent candidate for such a task as they provide a nonlinearity and bistability under both optical and electrical inputs.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2021

Nonvolatile plasmonics based on optically reprogrammable phase change materials

We propose here a new platform for a realization of novel nonvolatile optical switching devices that takes an advantage of high field confinement provided by plasmonics and multi-state programming capabilities of chalcogenide phase change materials. A high reduction in the overall energy consumption consists of a high field enhancement provided by plasmonic that allow to lower the switching energies and implementation of phase change materials that allow to operate under a zero-static power consumption. A combination of plasmonics and phase change materials provide additionally an essential improvement in terms of a switching time, attenuation contrast and possibility to perform a phase shift with the wide bandgap phase change materials. In most of the all-optical switching photonic devices, a switching mechanism is realized optically through heating of phase change materials. Here, two stage heating process is proposed that is based on the absorption of light by phase change materials itself, and a heat transfer from the metal stripe under an absorption of light by a metal. Thus, compared to any other previously presented optical switches, even a wide bandgap phase change materials that show zero absorption of light can be implemented in the proposed structure. The proposed plasmonic waveguide arrangement is extremely sensitive to any changes of the phase change material properties, thus, even a minor change of temperature provides an essential change in the transmitted light.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2021

Ultra-compact nonvolatile plasmonic phase change modulators and switches with dual electrical-optical functionality

Programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are the foundation of on-chip optical technologies with the optical modulators being one of the main building blocks of such programmable PICs. However, most of the available modulators suffer from high power consumption, low response time and large footprint. To overcome some limitations the nonvolatile phase change materials implemented in the plasmonic structures are proposed that can offer many advantages as a result of high electric field interaction with nonvolatile materials. Consequently, proposed here novel plasmonic nonvolatile switches can operate by phase modulation, absorption modulation, or both and under zero-static power. Thus, only 230 nm long active waveguide is needed to attain full pi phase delay with an insertion loss of 0.12 dB. Apart from it, when operating by amplitude modulation an extinction ration exceeding 2.2 dB/um can be achieved while an insertion loss is kept at 0.185 dB/um. Furthermore, the heating mechanism can be based on the external heaters, internal heaters, electrical (memory) switching or optical switching mechanism what provide a lot of flexibility in terms of a design and requirements.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2021

Waveguide-integrated plasmonic photodetectors and activation function units with phase change materials

With a rapidly growing amount of data generated and processed, a search for more efficient components and architectures such as neuromorphic computing that are able to perform a more and more complex operations in more efficient way continue. Here we show that thin films of chalcogenide phase change materials (semiconductors) can serve as building blocks for novel type of plasmonic components that operate seamlessly in both electrical and optical domains without the need for repeated electrical-to-optical conversions. In consequence, novel waveguide-integrated devices were proposed that are able to operate simultaneously as photodetectors and activation function units and that are based on low-loss plasmonic waveguide platform and phase change materials. Theoretically predicted coupling efficiency exceeding 95 % and extremally low insertion losses of 0.01 dB/um in connection with an enhanced light-matter interaction provided by plasmonics enables a realization of very efficient and compact photodetectors and activation function units. A detection and threshold mechanism involve a Joule heating of phase change materials through internal or external metal contacts. With this paper, different arrangements and operation conditions were analyzed to ensure most efficient on-chip signal processing.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2021

Plasmonic nonvolatile memory crossbar arrays for artificial neural networks

Here it is proposed a three-dimensional plasmonic nonvolatile memory crossbar arrays that can ensure a dual-mode operation in electrical and optical domains. This can be realized through plasmonics that serves as a bridge between photonics and electronics as the metal electrode is part of the waveguide. The proposed arrangement is based on low-loss long-range dielectric-loaded surface plasmon polariton waveguide where a metal stripe is placed between a buffer layer and ridge. To achieve a dual-mode operation the materials were defined that can provide both electrical and optical modulation functionality.

cs.ET↗

arXiv2020

Comparative Analysis of Room Temperature Plasmonic Graphene Hot Electron Bolometric Photodetectors

We appraise a waveguide-integrated plasmonic graphene photodetector based on the hot carrier photo-bolometric effect, with performance characterized simultaneously by high responsivity, on the scale of hundreds of AW-1, and high speed on the scale of 100s of GHz. Performance evaluation is based on a theory of bolometric effect originating from the band nonparabolicity of graphene. Results compare favorably with the state-of-the-art plasmonic bolometric photodetectors, predicting up to two orders of magnitude increase in a responsivity while keeping speed on the same level, defined by the electron-lattice scattering time in graphene.

physics.app-ph↗

arXiv2020

On-chip ultrafast plasmonic graphene hot electron bolometric photodetector

We investigate waveguide-integrated plasmonic graphene photodetector operating based on the hot carrier photo-bolometric effect, which is characterized simultaneously by high responsivity on the scale of hundreds of AW-1 and high speed on the scale of 100s of GHz. We develop a theory of bolometric effect originating from the band nonparabolicity of graphene and estimate responsivity due to bolometric effect is shown to significantly surpass the responsivity of co-existing photo-conductive effect thus convincingly demonstrating the dominance of bolometric effect. Based on the theory we propose a novel detector configuration based on hybrid waveguide that allows for efficient absorption in the graphene over short distance and subsequently a large change of conductivity. The results demonstrate the potential of graphene for high-speed communication systems.

physics.app-ph↗

arXiv2019

Plasmonic graphene photodetector based on channel photo-thermoelectric effect

We propose an on-chip CMOS compatible graphene plasmonic photodetector based on the photo-thermoelectric effect (PTE) that occurs across an entire homogeneous graphene channel. The proposed photodetector incorporates the long-range dielectric-loaded surface plasmon polariton (LR-DLSPP) waveguide with a metal stripe serving simultaneously as a plasmon supporting metallic material and one of the metal electrodes. Large in-plane component of the transverse magnetic (TM) plasmonic mode can couple efficiently to the graphene causing large temperature increases across an entire graphene channel with a maximum located at the metal stripe edge. As a result, the electronic temperatures exceeding 12000K at input power of only a few tens of μW can be obtained at the telecom wavelength of 1550nm. Even with limitations such as the melting temperature of graphene (T= 4510 K), a responsivity exceeding at least 200 A/W is achievable at telecom wavelength of 1550 nm. It is also shown that under certain operation conditions, the PTE channel photocurrent can be isolated from photovoltaic and p-n junction PTE contributions providing an efficient way for optimizing the overall photodetector performance.

physics.app-ph↗