Ground states for semi-relativistic Schrödinger-Poisson-Slater energies
We prove the existence of ground states for the semi-relativistic Schrödinger-Poisson-Slater energy $$I^{α,β}(ρ)=\inf_{\substack{u\in H^\frac 12(\R^3) \int_{\R^3}|u|^2 dx=ρ}} \frac{1}{2}\|u\|^2_{H^\frac 12(\R^3)} +α\int\int_{\R^{3}\times\R^{3}} \frac{| u(x)|^{2}|u(y)|^2}{|x-y|}dxdy-β\int_{\R^{3}}|u|^{\frac{8}{3}}dx$$ $α,β>0$ and $ρ>0$ is small enough. The minimization problem is $L^2$ critical and in order to characterize of the values $α, β>0$ such that $I^{α, β}(ρ)>-\infty$ for every $ρ>0$, we prove a new lower bound on the Coulomb energy involving the kinetic energy and the exchange energy. We prove the existence of a constant $S>0$ such that $$\frac{1}{S}\frac{\|φ\|_{L^\frac 83(\R^3)}}{\|φ\|_{\dot H^\frac 12(\R^3)}^\frac 12}\leq \left (\int\int_{\R^3\times \R^3} \frac{|φ(x)|^2|φ(y)|^2}{|x-y|}dxdy\right)^\frac 18 $$ for all $φ\in C^\infty_0(\R^3)$. Eventually we show that similar compactness property fails provided that in the energy above we replace the inhomogeneous Sobolev norm $\|u\|^2_{H^\frac 12(\R^3)}$ by the homogeneous one $\|u\|_{\dot H^\frac 12(\R^3)}$.