arXiv subjects

Jacques Moret-Bailly

Publications and source records attributed to Jacques Moret-Bailly.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2003

Are the quasars the missing "accretor isolated neutron stars" ?

The accretion of a cloud of hydrogen at the surface of a small, heavy star produces a high energy mostly dissipated by electromagnetic radiation. The combination of the absorption and the redshift of this radiation by hydrogen explains all spectral observations: shapes of the broad lines, and their anti-correlation with the radio-loudness, lack of lines in front of the Lyman forest, value zb = 0.062 of the periodicity of the redshifts, correlation of a high redshift with a thermal spectrum attributed to dust. As a large part of the redshift is intrinsic, the quasars are not extremely far, the may be the missing "accretor isolated neutron stars". These properties are deduced from usual laws of physics without new parameters, they do not require any non baryonic matter.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2003

The quasars are neutron stars embedded in clouds of hydrogen

The accretion of a cloud of hydrogen at the surface of a small, heavy star produces a high energy mostly dissipated by electromagnetic radiation. The combination of the absorption and the redshift of this radiation by hydrogen explains all spectral observations: shapes of the broad lines, and their anti-correlation with the radio-loudness, lack of lines in front of the Lyman forest, value zb = 0.062 of the periodicity of the redshifts, correlation of a high redshift with a thermal spectrum attributed to dust. These properties are deduced from usual laws of physics without new parameters, they do not require any non baryonic matter.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2003

Computation of the spectra of the quasars

The repartition of redshifts of the lines observed in the spectra of the quasars is generally considered as stochastic, but several authors showed that the difference of two redshifts is the product of an integer by a basic redshift zf = 0.062. This property results from a coherent Raman effect during the propagation of the incoherent light in a halo of atomic hydrogen, without any jet of gas, or dark matter. The coherence forbids a blur of the images or of the spectra. The computation of zf does not require any new spectroscopic parameter. The non-linearity of the combination of Lyman absorptions and coherent Raman effect explains both the observed positions of the spectral lines and their high contrast.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2003

Theory of the quantification of the redshifts

The quantification of the redshifts of the lines observed in the spectra of the quasars and the galaxies (the redshifts of their lines have some of the values given by the formula z=a+0.062m where a depends on the object, and m is an integer), the density of the lines, result from a purely spectroscopic effect. The explanation requires only standard spectroscopy, a nearly homogeneous halo of atomic hydrogen, and a magnetic field.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2003

Propagation of light in low pressure ionised and atomic hydrogen. Application to astrophysics

The "Impulsive Stimulated Raman Scattering" (ISRS) performed using ultrashort laser pulses shifts the light frequencies. Tried using ordinary incoherent light, it keeps its qualitative properties except the nonlinearity due to the power of the laser pulses. The relative frequency shifts of the "Coherent Raman Effect on Incoherent Light" (CREIL) which is obtained do not depend on the intensity and, in a first approximation, on the frequency of the light. As CREIL does not blur the images and the spectra, its shifts may be confused with Doppler shifts. ISRS and CREIL are parametric effects which do not excite the matter, transferring energy from hot beams to cold beams; for CREIL, the cold light is thermal radiation which is heated. CREIL requires low pressure gases acting as catalysts. These gases must have Raman transitions in the radiofrequencies range: for instance H2+ or excited atomic hydrogen in a magnetic field. The spectral lines resulting from a simultaneous absorption (or emission) and CREIL have a width at least equal to the frequency shift, so that the lines of a complex spectrum may be weakened and mixed, becoming nearly invisible. In astrophysics, molecular hydrogen is ionised, but so quickly destroyed by collisions that it persists only at pressures low enough to provide CREIL: Thus it is invisible. It contributes to the "cosmological redshift" and to an amplification of the 2.7K radiation. Using CREIL, the interpretation of the spectra of the quasars requires only usual laws of physics, usual matter and usual astronomical objects: a star, an accretion disk, satellites in a plasma of atomic hydrogen.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2003

Spontaneous emission of a small source of light

The usual computation of the spontaneous emission uses a mixture of classical and quantum postulates. A purely classical computation shows that a source of electromagnetic field absorbs light in the eigenmode it is able to emit. Thus in an excitation by an other mode, the component of this mode on the eigenmode is absorbed, while the remainder is scattered. This loss of energy does not apply to the zero point field which has its regular energy in the eigenmode, so that the zero point field seems more effective than the other fields for the stimulation of light emission.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2003

Merging quantum theory into classical physics

The zero point field is an ordinary field existing in the dark, which cannot be separated from the total electromagnetic field in an excited mode. The total field is in equilibrium with matter that it polarizes temporarily and reversibly. This polarisation is exceptionally large enough to allow the energy of an atom reach and cross a pass between two minimums of potential, stimulating an emission or an absorption. A paradox of quantum electrodynamics is explained classically: The nearly plane wave generally used in stimulated emission experiments must be decomposed into an efficient spherical wave and a scattered wave, so that the plane wave is two times less efficient than the zero point component of the spherical mode. The classical electromagnetism does not need the quantum postulate "reduction of the wave packet" and it has no paradox such as EPR. De Broglie's waves may be the linear part of solitons of a field which may be a high frequency electromagnetic field. These solitons may lead to a physical interpretation of the superstrings theory.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2002

A tentative elementary model of quasars

A very simple model of quasar and Seyfert galaxy is obtained using the "Coherent Raman Effect on time-Incoherent Light" (CREIL) to explain a part of the observed redshifts. As its redshift is mostly provided by the CREIL, a QSO is not very far, its kernel may be a neutron star fed by the accretion of a disk, fed itself by the fall of many satellites. Disk and satellites are slowed by a relatively dense halo. The electric charges resulting of the friction of the disk produce flat lightnings, thus radio noise emitted mostly perpendicular to the disk, and X rays. The optical spectrum, including the shape of the spectral lines is explained without uncommon physics such as dark matter, by a splitting of the very wide lines resulting from simultaneous absorption and frequency shift, splitting due to a modulation of the redshift resulting from variations of a magnetic field.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2002

How the BAL quasars are quiet

All properties of the quasars known by the author (quietness of the BAL quasars, Lyman forest, iron in the high-z quasars...) are explained supposing that the kernel of the quasar is surrounded by a halo containing an accretion disk and magnetic satellites (no dark matter or fast jet, no variation of the fine structure constant, no strange source of iron...). The key is taking into account the coherent light-matter interactions.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2002

The zero point field and the reduction of the wave packet in semiclassical electrodynamics

In the classical theory, an electromagnetic field obeying Maxwell's equations cannot be absorbed quickly by matter, so that it remains a zero point field. Splitting the total, genuine electromagnetic field into the sum of a conventional field and a zero point field is physically meaningless until a receiver attenuates the genuine field down to the zero point field, or studying the amplification of the zero point field by a source. In classical optics all optical effects must be written using the genuine field, so that at low light levels the nonlinear effects become linear in relation to the conventional field. The result of the interpretation of all observations, even at low light levels, is exactly the same in quantum electrodynamics and in the semi- classical theory. The zero point field is stochastic only far from the sources and the receivers; elsewhere, it is shaped by matter, it may be studied through fields visible before an absorption or after an amplification. A classical study of the reduction of the wave packet extends the domain of equivalence of the classical and quantum zero point field; using both interpretations of this field makes the results more reliable, because the traps are different.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2002

The coherent Raman scattering in astrophysics; application to a new model of quasar

The "Impulsive Stimulated Raman Scattering" (ISRS), is generally performed using ultrashort laser pulses. It shifts the frequency of the laser beam without any change of the wave surfaces and any appearance of extra lines. ISRS works with the pulses which make the usual incoherent light provided that the interactive medium is a low pressure gas having low frequency Raman transitions, that is an hyperfine spectrum. ISRS has no intensity threshold, but at low intensity level it becomes a linear effect, so that the relative frequency shift $Δν/ν$ is nearly constant in the spectrum. This linear effect named "Incoherent Light, Coherent Raman Scattering" (ILCRS) may be confused with a Doppler effect in astrophysics; it explains all optical properties of the quasars, including the debatable ones, in particular the width of the BAL lines, the infrared thermal radiation attributed to hot dust, and the spectral discrepancies attributed to a variation of the hyperfine constant.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2002

The difficult discrimination of Impulse Stimulated Raman Scattering redshift against Doppler redshift

The Impulsive Stimulated Raman Scattering (ISRS) is a parametric light-matter interaction which shifts the frequencies of two ultrashort laser light pulses by a non-quantified transfer of energy. As ISRS has no threshold, the laser pulses may be replaced by the pulses which constitute the ordinary incoherent light. This replacement has the expected qualitative effect on the time constants required to observe ISRS: nanosecond collisional time and Raman period. It has also a qualitative effect, the frequency shifts become independent on the intensity; thus we use a new name for this avatar of ISRS: "Incoherent Light Coherent Raman Scattering" (ILCRS). The coherence makes ILCRS very different from the ordinary Raman effect proposed as an alternative to Doppler effect in the past: ILCRS is a stronger light-matter interaction, it does not blur the images, nether the spectra; the beams which receive energy are in the thermal radiation. The shifts of the spectra produced either by a Doppler effect, or by ILCRS are very similar. However ILCRS is subject to a dispersion which perturbs slightly the spectra. ILCRS is the key of a model of quasars which explains all observations, without any new matter or physical theory: no fast moving cloud, no dark matter, no variation of the fine structure constant, no invisible object. The redshifts and the thermal radiation produced by ILCRS should not be neglected a priori.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2002

(3+0)D electromagnetic solitons and de Broglie's ''double solution''

The well known light filaments are obtained in various media whose index of refraction increases before a saturation with the electric field; adding a small perturbation which increases the index with the magnetic field, and neglecting the absorption, a filament curves and closes into a torus. This transformation of a (2+1)D soliton into a (3+0)D soliton shows the existence of those solitons, while a complete study, with a larger magnetic effect, would require numerical computations, the starting point being, possibly, the perturbed, curved filament. The flux of energy in the regular filaments is nearly a ''critical flux'', depending slightly on the external fields, so that the energy of the (3+0)D soliton is quantified, but may be slightly changed by external interactions. The nearly linear part of the soliton, an evanescent wave, is partly transmitted by Young holes, making transmitted and reflected interference patterns, thus index variations which guide the remainder of the soliton, just as de Broglie's pilot waves. The creation of electron positron pairs in the vacuum by purely electromagnetic fields shows a nonlinearity of vacuum at high energies; supposing this nonlinearity convenient, elementary particles may be (3+0)D solitons or light bullets, so that it may be a connection with the superstrings theory.

math-ph↗

arXiv2001

The zero point field in low light level experiments

The existence of the zero point electromagnetic field in the dark is a trivial property of classical electromagnetism. Splitting the total, genuine electromagnetic field into the sum of a conventional field and a zero point field is physically meaningless. If a receiver attenuates the genuine field down to a zero conventional field, it remains a zero point field having the coherence and the phase of the conventional field, and vice-versa for the amplification of the zero point field by a source. Nonlinear optical effects must be written using the genuine field, so that at low light levels they become linear in relation to the conventional field. The result of the interpretation of all observations, even at low light levels, is exactly the same in quantum electrodynamics and in the semi-classical theory. The zero point field is stochastic only far from the sources and the receivers; elsewhere, it is shaped by matter, it may be studied through fields visible before an absorption or after an amplification. Two examples are given : the computation of fourth order interferences and the use of the impulsive stimulated Raman scattering with ordinary incoherent light in astrophysics.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2001

Pointlessness and dangerousness of the postulates of quantum mechanics

The formalism of quantum mechanics produces spectacular results, but its rules, its parameters are empirical, either deduced from classical physics, or from experimental results rather than from the postulates. Thus, quantum mechanics is purely phenomenological; for instance, the computation of the eigenvalues of the energy is generally a simple interpolation in the discrete space of the quantum numbers. The attempts to show that quantum electrodynamics is more precise than classical electrodynamics are based on wrong computations. The lack of paradoxes in the classical theory, the appearance of classical, true interpretations of the wave-particle duality justify the criticism of Ehrenfest and Einstein. The obscurity of the quantum concepts leads to wrong conclusions that handicap the development of physics. Just as building a laser was considered absurd before the first maser worked, the concept of photon leads to deny a type of coherent Raman scattering necessary to understand some redshifts of spectra in astrophysics, and able to destroy the two fundamental proofs to the expansion of the universe.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2001

Linearisation of optical effects at low light levels

As a light beam is produced by an amplification of modes of the zero point field in its source, this field cannot be distinguished; consequently a nonlinear optical effect is a function of the total field. However, we generally prefer to use a conventional field which excludes the zero point field; for a low conventional field, the total field may be developed to the first order, so that the effect appears linear. This nearly trivial remark allows a correct computation of the signal of a photocell used for photon counting and shows that the "impulsive stimulated Raman scattering" (ISRS), a nonlinear, without threshold effect, which shifts the frequencies, becomes linear at low light levels, so that the shifted spectra are not distorted.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2001

Wave particle duality: Merging de Broglie's ''double solution'' waves into (3+0)D electromagnetic solitons

The well known light filaments, are obtained in various media whose index of refraction increases before a saturation with the electric field; adding a small perturbation which increases the index with the magnetic field, and neglecting the absorption, a filament curves and closes into a torus. This transformation of a (2+1)D soliton into a (3+0)D soliton shows the existence of those solitons, while a complete study, with a larger magnetic effect, would require numerical computations, the starting point being, possibly, the perturbed, curved filament. The flux of energy in the regular filaments is nearly a ''critical flux'', depending slightly on the external fields, so that the energy of the (3+0)D soliton is quantified, but may be slightly changed by external interactions. The creation of electron positron pairs in the vacuum by purely electromagnetic fields shows a nonlinearity of vacuum at high energies; supposing this nonlinearity convenient, elementary particles may be (3+0)D solitons. Set that the nearly linear part of the soliton is the $Ψ$ wave while the remainder, (the torus) is the $u$ wave; if the torus is not absorbed by Young slits, it is guided by the transmitted, interfering remainder of the $Ψ$ wave.

nlin.PS↗

arXiv2001

A Doppler-like strong light-matter interaction

While complicated, unreliable alternatives to Doppler effect were proposed, an elementary optical light- matter interaction provides one which is commonly observed in the labs, but with a distortion due to the use of short, powerful laser pulses. It is generally assumed that Raman scattering in gases is incoherent. This assumption fails if the pressure is lowered enough to increase the relaxation times over the length of light pulses; the ''Impulsive Stimulated Raman Scattering'' (ISRS), generally used to study dense matter with ultrashort laser pulses, is adapted to the low energy pulses making the incoherent light beams; the usual light is redshifted by some very low pressure gases while it propagates. To produce this adapted ISRS called ''Incoherent Light Spatially Coherent Raman Scattering" (ILSCRS), a molecule must have an hyperfine structure: polyatomic molecules must be heavy or have odd numbers of electrons; light atoms and the other molecules must be perturbed by a Stark or Zeeman effect. ILSCRS redshifts may be distinguished from Doppler redshifts using a very difficult to observe dispersion of ILSCRS redshifts. This dispersion may explain the discrepancies of the fine structures in the spectra of the quasars, presently attributed to a variation of the fine structure constant. While the present interpretation of the Lyman forest in the spectra of quasars requires clouds stressed, for instance, by sheets of dark matter, ILSCRS interpretation requires only usual physical concepts. It produces thermal radiations from short wavelengths, just as dust.

astro-ph↗