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James G. Gilson

Publications and source records attributed to James G. Gilson.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2012

Existence of Negative Gravity Material Identification of Dark Energy Dark Matter Isothermal Gravitational Equilibrium and Galactic Rotation Theory

A solution to Einstein's field equations via the Friedman equations is shown to produce a cosmological model that is in exact agreement with the measurements made by the dark energy astronomers. All the essential physical parameters are obtained as epoch dependent functions all in closed form. The equations of state are obtained for total density, non-dark energy density and dark energy density. An interpretation of the structure involving a dark energy mass distribution that is twice the usual value is shown to clarify greatly the physical significance of the mathematics. It is asserted that the astronomer's measurements together with the mathematical model proves that the universe is permeated uniformly with a positive mass density that caries a negative gravitational constant, -G, characteristic. This mass component is identified with the dark energy content of the universe that has been postulated to explain the observed acceleration. Another result implied by the model is that there is twice the amount of dark energy that is usually considered to be present. This last point is analysed in more detail in appendix 1 using Einstein's field equations. Five additional appendices, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 in which isothermal gravitational dark matter equilibrium and the galactic rotations curve flatness problem are examined in detail. Appendix 5 is concerned with mass clumping and expressing gravitational isothermal equilibrium constraints using a cosmological Schrödinger equation to demonstrate the existence of a new quantum force involved with galactic stability. Appendix 6 is concerned with gravitational quantization. Each appendix has its own abstract.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2010

Reconciliation of Zero-Point and Dark Energies in a Friedman Dust Universe with Einstein's Lambda

In this paper, it is shown that the cosmological model that was introduced in a sequence of three earlier papers under the title, A Dust Universe Solution to the Dark Energy Problem, can be used to resolve the problem of the great mismatch of numerical values between dark energy from cosmology and zero point energy from quantum theory. It is shown that, if the zero point energies for the cosmic microwave background and for all the rest of the universe that is not cosmic microwave background are introduced into this model as two entities, their separate values appear within this theory in the form of a numerical difference. It is this difference that gives the numerical value for the zero point value of Einstein's dark energy density. Consequently, although the two zero point energies may be large, their difference can give the known small dark energy value from cosmology for dark energy density. Issues relating to interpretation, calculation and measurement associated with this result and an interpretation of dark energy as a measure of polarisation of the vacuum are discussed. In the first appendix to this paper, problems associated with the standard model of cosmology are solved by redefining temperature in the dust universe model. In the second appendix of this paper, an examination of the dark matter problem in relation to a general relativistic generalisation of Newton's inverse square law is undertaken. In the third appendix to this paper, the formalism is used to derive a formula that gives a possible value for the mass of the universe in terms of Newton's gravitation constant, Einstein's Lambda and the velocity of light. All three appendices have their own detailed abstracts.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2010

Thermodynamics of a Dust Universe, Energy density, Temperature, Pressure and Entropy for Cosmic Microwave Background

This paper continues the building of the cosmological theory that was introduced in two earlier papers under the title A Dust Universe Solution to the Dark Energy Problem. The model introduced in this theory has existence before time zero so that it is not necessary to interpret it as of big-bang origin. The location of the Cosmic Microwave Background, within the theoretical structure gives a closing of the fundamentals of the model in terms of the definitions of Temperature, Entropy and other Thermodynamic aspects. Thus opening up a research tool in cosmology in exact agreement with experiment that can compete with the so-called Standard Big Bang Model as a mathematical-physical description of our universe based rigorously on Einstein's general relativity. It is suggested that the singularity at time zero involves a population inversion in the statistical mechanics sense and so justifies the use of negative temperature for the CMB at negative times. This also has the satisfactory consequence that the Universe's evolution involves entropy steadily increasing over all time from minus infinity through the singularity to plus infinity.An appendix with its own abstract contains an alternative simple classical physics derivation of this model and an extended discussion about how it can be used in the astrophysical context of galactic motions. A cosmological Schroedinger equation of great generality is derived which unites cosmology and the quantum description of cosmological objects

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2010

A Dust Universe Solution to the Dark Energy Problem

Astronomical measurements of the Omegas for mass density, cosmological constant lambda and curvature k are shown to be sufficient to produce a unique and detailed cosmological model describing dark energy influences based on the Friedman equations. The equation of state Pressure turns out to be identically zero at all epochs as a result of the theory. The partial omega, for dark energy, has the exact value, minus unity, as a result of the theory and is in exact agreement with the astronomer's measured value. Thus this measurement is redundant as it does not contribute to the construction of the theory for this model. Rather, the value of this omega is predicted from the theory. The model has the characteristic of changing from deceleration to acceleration at exactly half the epoch time at which the input measurements are taken. This is a mysterious feature of the model for which no explanation has so far been found. An attractive feature of the model is that the acceleration change time occurs at a red shift of approximately 0.8 as predicted by the dark energy workers. Using a new definition of dark energy density it is shown that the contribution of this density to the acceleration process is via a negative value for the gravitational constant, -G, exactly on a par with gravitational mass which occurs via the usual positive value for G. This paper also contains an appendix on dark energy dynamics with its own abstract.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2008

Cosmological Coincidence and Dark Mass Problems in Einstein Universe and Friedman Dust Universe with Einstein's Lambda Quantum Cosmology Dark Energy Schroedinger Wave Motion

In this paper, it is shown that the cosmological model that was introduced in a sequence of three earlier papers under the title, A Dust Universe Solution to the Dark Energy Problem can be used to analyse and solve the Cosmological Coincidence Problem. The generic coincidence problem that appears in the original Einstein universe model is shown to arise from a misunderstanding about the magnitude of dark energy density and the epoch time governing the appearance of the integer relation between dark energy and normal energy density. The solution to the generic case then clearly points to the source of the time coincidence integer problem in the Friedman dust universe model. It is then possible to eliminate this coincidence by removing a degeneracy between different measurement epoch times. In this paper's first appendix, a fundamental time dependent relation between dark mass and dark energy is derived with suggestions how this relation could explain cosmological voids and the clumping of dark mass to become visible matter. In this paper's second appendix, it is shown that that dark energy is a conserved with time substance that is everywhere and for all time permeable to the dark mass and visible mass of which the contracting or expanding universe is composed. The last two appendices involve detailed studies of cosmology, quantum dark energy related issues. There are more detailed abstracts given with all four appendices.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2005

Dirac's Large Number Hypothesis and Quantized Friedman Cosmologies

This paper contains applications of the quantum theory for gravity developed in the paper " A Sketch for a Quantum Theory of Gravity". Firstly, it is shown that the theory gives a direct derivation of the implications of Dirac's large number hypothesis. The three dimensionless large numbers are obtained as three closed formulae with definite coefficients constructed from known physical constants. Secondly, the theory is used to derive two quantum Friedman cosmologies. The first of these Cosmologies is a very simple first approximation involving a key angular parameter being zero and the second is a more accurate one involving the same key parameter not being zero. The cosmological constant plays a basic and fundamental part in the formalism with very accurate agreement with measurement pertaining.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2004

Mach's Principle II

The meaning and significance of Mach's Principle and its dependence on ideas about relativistic rotating frame theory and the celestial sphere is explained and discussed. Two new relativistic rotation transformations are introduced by using a linear simulation for the rotating disc situation. The accepted formula for centrifugal acceleration in general relativity is then analysed with the use of one of these transformations. It is shown that for this general relativity formula to be valid throughout all space-time there has to be everywhere a local standard of absolutely zero rotation. It is then concluded that the field off all possible space-time null geodesics or photon paths unify the absolute local non-rotation standard throughout space-time. Thus it is suggested that Mach's principle holds in the restricted sense that there is a universal standard of absolute local rotation rate related to the apparent rotation of the celestial sphere. However this apparent rotation is actually the earth's rotation relative to a local mapping of null geodesic endpoints from that time and space distant sphere to the local time in the local zero-rotation environment. A connection of local inertia with the celestial sphere is not found.

physics.gen-ph↗