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Jan Rusz

Publications and source records attributed to Jan Rusz.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

Evidence for freezing of charge degrees of freedom across a critical point in CeCoIn$_5$

The presence of a quantum critical point separating two distinct zero-temperature phases is thought to underlie the `strange' metal state of many high-temperature superconductors. The nature of this quantum critical point, as well as a description of the resulting strange metal, are central open problems in condensed matter physics. In large part, the controversy stems from the lack of a clear broken symmetry to characterize the critical phase transition, and this challenge is no clearer than in the example of the unconventional superconductor CeCoIn$_5$. Through Hall effect and Fermi surface measurements of CeCoIn$_5$, in comparison to ab initio calculations, we find evidence for a critical point that connects two Fermi surfaces with different volumes without apparent symmetry-breaking, indicating the presence of a transition that involves an abrupt localization of one sector of the charge degrees of freedom. We present a model for the anomalous electrical Hall resistivity of this material based on the conductivity of valence charge fluctuations.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Orbital-angular-momentum-resolved electron magnetic chiral dichroism

We propose a highly efficient atomically-resolved mode of electron magnetic chiral dichroism. This method exploits the recently introduced orbital angular momentum spectrometer to analyze the inelastically scattered electrons allowing for simultaneous dispersion in both energy and angular momentum. The technique offers several advantages over previous formulations of electron magnetic chiral dichroism as it requires much simpler experimental conditions in terms of specimen orientation and thickness. A novel simulation algorithm, based on the multislice description of the beam propagation, is used to anticipate the advantages of the new approach over current electron magnetic chiral dichroism implementations. Numerical calculations confirm an increased magnetic signal to noise ratio with in plane atomic resolution.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

Simultaneous mapping of EMCD signals and crystal orientations in a transmission electron microscope

When magnetic properties are analysed in a TEM using the technique of electron magnetic circular dichroism (EMCD), one of the critical parameters is the sample orientation, and this, independently on the chosen acquisition geometry. Since small orientation changes can have a strong impact on the EMCD measurement, it is experimentally non trivial to measure the EMCD signal as a function of sample orientation. The classical EMCD experimental setup requires to tilt the crystal in a 2 beam orientation and to acquire two electron energy loss spectra at two conjugate scattering angles. The effect of a mistilt from the perfect 2-beam orientation on the measured EMCD signals has not been explored yet due to different experimental constraints. In order to maintain the exact sample location and orientation for the acquisition of the EMCD signal, we have developed a methodology to simultaneously map the quantitative EMCD signals and the local orientation of the crystal. We analyse, both experimentally and with simulations, how the measured magnetic signals evolve with a change in the crystal tilt from the exact 2-beam orientation. Based on this analysis, we establish an accurate relationship between the crystal orientations and the EMCD signals. Our results demonstrate that a small crystal tilt away from the 2-beam orientation can significantly alter the strength and the distribution of the EMCD signals. From an optimisation of the crystal orientation, we obtain quantitative EMCD measurements.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy study of crystal electric field in heavy fermion compound CePt2In7

The three-dimensional electronic structure and Ce 4f electrons of the heavy fermion superconductor CePt2In7 is investigated. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy using variable photon energy establishes the existence of quasi-two and three dimensional Fermi surface topologies. Temperature-dependent 4d-4f on-resonance photoemission spectroscopies reveal that heavy quasiparticle bands begin to form at a temperature well above the characteristic (coherence) temperature T*. T* emergence may be closely related to crystal electric field splitting, particularly the low-lying heavy band formed by crystal electric field splitting.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Sum rules in zone axis STEM-orbital angular momentum resolved electron magnetic chiral dichroism

In this work we derive sum rules for orbital angular momentum(OAM) resolved electron magnetic chiral dichroism (EMCD) which enable the evaluation of the strength of spin and orbital components of the atomic magnetic moments in a crystalline sample. We also demonstrate through numerical simulations that these rules appear to be only slightly dependent from the dynamical diffraction of the electron beam in the sample, making possible their application without the need of additional dynamical diffraction calculations.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

Enabling atomic resolution in convergent beam EMCD measurements by the use of patterned apertures

We give an experimental demonstration of two types of recently proposed ventilator apertures which can be used to acquire electron magnetic circular dichroic (EMCD) signals in zone axis orientation with high spatial resolution. To simplify the experimental procedures, we propose a third type of aperture and experimentally demonstrate the use of this modified ventilator aperture for the case of multiple symmetries in the diffraction patterns. To show the feasibility of the atomic resolution EMCD, EMCD signals are acquired for a range of beam convergence angles. High quality EMCD signals with convergence angles corresponding to atomic resolution electron probes are obtained.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

Crystal electric field splitting and f-electron hybridization in heavy fermion CePt2In7

We use high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to investigate the electronic structure of the antiferromagnetic heavy fermion compound CePt2In7, which is a member of the CeIn3-derived heavy fermion material family. Weak hybridization among 4f electron states and conduction bands was identified in CePt2In7 at low temperature much weaker than that in the other heavy fermion compounds like CeIrIn5 and CeRhIn5. The Ce 4f spectrum shows fine structures near the Fermi energy, reflecting the crystal electric field splitting of the 4f^1_5/2 and 4f^1_7/2 states. Also, we find that the Fermi surface has a strongly three-dimensional topology, in agreement with density-functional theory calculations.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Magnetic anisotropy in Permalloy: hidden quantum mechanical features

By means of relativistic, first principles calculations, we investigate the microscopic origin of the vanishingly low magnetic anisotropy of Permalloy, here proposed to be intrinsically related to the local symmetries of the alloy. It is shown that the local magnetic anisotropy of individual atoms in Permalloy can be several orders of magnitude larger than that of the bulk sample, and 5-10 times larger than that of elemental Fe or Ni. We, furthermore, show that locally there are several easy axis directions that are favored, depending on local composition. The results are discussed in the context of perturbation theory, applying the relation between magnetic anisotropy and orbital moment. Permalloy keeps its strong ferromagnetic nature due to the exchange energy to be larger than the magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Our results shine light on the magnetic anisotropy of permalloy and of magnetic materials in general, and in addition enhance the understanding of pump-probe measurements and ultrafast magnetization dynamics.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

On the origin of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in strained Fe-Co(-X) films

Very high magnetic anisotropies have been theoretically predicted for strained Fe-Co(-X) and indeed several experiments on epitaxial thin films seemed to confirm strain induced anisotropy enhancement. This study presents a critical analysis of the different contributions to perpendicular anisotropy: volume, interface and surface anisotropies. Tracing these contributions, thickness series of single layer films as well as multilayers with Au-Cu buffers/interlayers of different lattice parameters have been prepared. The analysis of their magnetic anisotropy reveals a negligible influence of the lattice parameter of the buffer. Electronic effects, originating from both, the Au-Cu interface and the film surface, outrange the elastic effects. Surface anisotropy, however, exceeds the interface anisotropy by more than a factor of three. A comparison with results from Density Functional Theory suggests, that the experimentally observed strong perpendicular surface anisotropy originates from a deviation from an ideal oxide-free surface. Accordingly, tailored Fe-Co-X/oxide interfaces may open a route towards high anisotropy in rare-earth free materials.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

Enhanced and Tunable Spin-Orbit Coupling in Tetragonally Strained Fe-Co-B Films

We have synthesized 20 nm thick films of tetragonally strained interstitial Fe-Co-B alloys epitaxially grown on Au55Cu45 buffer layer. The strained axis is perpendicular to the film plane and the corresponding lattice constant c is enlarged with respect to the in-plane lattice parameter a. By adding the interstitial boron with different concentrations 0, 4, and 10 at.% we were able to stabilize the tetragonal strain in 20 nm Fe-Co films with different c/a ratios of 1.013, 1.034 and 1.02, respectively. Using ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) we found that the orbital magnetic moment increases with increasing the c/a ratio, pointing towards the enhancement of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) at larger strain. Our results show that careful doping of ferromagnetic films allows to control the SOC by stabilizing anisotropic strain states. These findings are applicable in material design for spintronics applications. We also discuss the influence of B doping on the Fe-Co film microstructure, its magnetic properties and magnetic relaxation.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

From soft to hard magnetic Fe-Co-B by spontaneous strain: A combined first principle and thin film study

In order to convert the well-known Fe-Co-B alloy from a soft to a hard magnet, we propose tetragonal strain by interstitial boron. Density functional theory reveals that when B atoms occupy octahedral interstitial sites, the bcc Fe-Co lattice is strained spontaneously. Such highly distorted Fe-Co is predicted to reach a strong magnetocrystalline anisotropy which may compete with shape anisotropy. Probing this theoretical suggestion experimentally, epitaxial films are examined. A spontaneous strain up to 5 % lattice distortion is obtained for B contents up to 4 at%, which leads to uniaxial anisotropy constants exceeding 0.5 MJ/m^3. However, a further addition of B results in a partial amorphization, which degrades both anisotropy and magnetization.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

Quantitative analysis of magnetic spin and orbital moments from an oxidized iron (1 1 0) surface using electron magnetic circular dichroism

Understanding the ramifications of reduced crystalline symmetry on magnetic behavior is a critical step in improving our understanding of nanoscale and interfacial magnetism. However, investigations of such effects are often controversial largely due to the challenges inherent in directly correlating nanoscale stoichiometry and structure to magnetic behavior. Here, we describe how to use Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) to obtain Electron Magnetic Circular Dichroism (EMCD) signals as a function of scattering angle to locally probe the magnetic behavior of thin oxide layers grown on an Fe (1 1 0) surface. Experiments and simulations both reveal a strong dependence of the magnetic orbital to spin ratio on its scattering vector in reciprocal space. We exploit this variation to extract the magnetic properties of the oxide cladding layer, showing that it locally may exhibit an enhanced orbital to spin moment ratio. This finding is supported here by both spatially and angularly resolved EMCD measurements, opening up the way for compelling investigations into how magnetic properties are affected by nanoscale features.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

Increased magnetocrystalline anisotropy in epitaxial Fe-Co-C thin films with spontaneous strain

Rare earth free alloys are in focus of permanent magnet research since the accessibility of the elements needed for nowadays conventional magnets is limited. Tetragonally strained iron-cobalt (Fe-Co) has attracted large interest as promising candidate due to theoretical calculations. In experiments, however, the applied strain quickly relaxes with increasing film thickness and hampers stabilization of a strong magnetocrystalline anisotropy. In our study we show that already 2 at% of carbon substantially reduce the lattice relaxation leading to the formation of a spontaneously strained phase with 3 % tetragonal distortion. In these strained (Fe$_{0.4}$Co$_{0.6}$)$_{0.98}$C$_{0.02}$ films, a magnetocrystalline anisotropy above 0.4 MJ/m$^3$ is observed while the large polarization of 2.1 T is maintained. Compared to binary Fe-Co this is a remarkable improvement of the intrinsic magnetic properties. In this paper, we relate our experimental work to theoretical studies of strained Fe-Co-C and find a very good agreement.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

Achieving atomic resolution magnetic dichroism by controlling the phase symmetry of an electron probe

The calculations presented here reveal that an electron probe carrying orbital angular momentum is just a particular case of a wider class of electron beams that can be used to measure electron magnetic circular dichroism (EMCD) with atomic resolution. It is possible to obtain an EMCD signal with atomic resolution by simply breaking the symmetry of the electron probe phase distribution using the aberration-corrected optics of an scanning transmission electron microscope. The required phase distribution of the probe depends on the magnetic symmetry and crystal structure of the sample. The calculations indicate that EMCD signals utilizing the phase of the electron probe are as strong as those obtained by nanodiffraction methods.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

Electronic structure and magnetic properties of L1_0 binary alloys

We present a systematic study of the magnetic properties of L1$_0$ binary alloys FeNi, CoNi, MnAl and MnGa via two different density functional theory approaches. Our calculations show large magnetocrystalline anisotropies in the order $1~\text{MJ/m}^3$ or higher for CoNi, MnAl and MnGa while FeNi shows a somewhat lower value in the range $0.48 - 0.77 ~\text{MJ/m}^3$. Saturation magnetization values of $1.3~\text{MA/m}$, $1.0~\text{MA/m}$, $0.8~\text{MA/m}$ and $0.9~\text{MA/m}$ are obtained for FeNi, CoNi, MnAl and MnGa respectively. Curie temperatures are evaluated via Monte Carlo simulations and show $T_\text{C}=916~\text{K}$ and $T_\text{C}=1130~\text{K}$ for FeNi and CoNi respectively. For Mn-based compounds Mn-rich off-stoichiometric compositions are found to be important for the stability of a ferro or ferrimagnetic ground state with $T_\text{C}$ greater than $600~\text{K}$. The effect of substitutional disorder is studied and found to decrease both magnetocrystalline anisotropies and Curie temperatures in FeNi and CoNi.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

Exceptional Ising Magnetic Behavior of Itinerant Spin-polarized Carriers in URu2Si2

We show on the basis of electronic structure calculations that the uranium 5$f$ magnetic moment in URu$_2$Si$_2$ exhibits a unique Ising behavior, which surprisingly, arises from itinerant electronic states. The origin of the unusual Ising behavior is analyzed as due to the peculiar near-Fermi edge nested electronic structure of URu$_2$Si$_2$ involving its strong spin-orbit interaction. The Ising anisotropy has pertinent implications for theories applicable to explaining the Hidden Order phase in URu$_2$Si$_2$.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Boundaries for efficient use of electron vortex beams to measure magnetic properties

Development of experimental techniques for characterization of magnetic properties at high spatial resolution is essential for progress in miniaturization of magnetic devices, for example, in data storage media. Inelastic scattering of electron vortex beams (EVB) was recently reported to contain atom-specific magnetic information. We have developed a theoretical description of inelastic scattering of EVB on crystals and performed simulations for EVB of different diameters. We show that use of an EVB wider than an interatomic distance does not provide any advantage over an ordinary convergent beam without angular momentum. On the other hand, in the atomic resolution limit, electron energy loss spectra measured by EVB are strongly sensitive to the spin and orbital magnetic moments of studied matter, when channeling through or very close to the atomic columns. Our results demonstrate the boundaries for efficient use of EVB in measurement of magnetic properties.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗