Super-Gaussian approximations for optimum far-field irradiance in intersatellite optical communications: coherent and incoherent beam shaping
Intersatellite optical communication links are strongly affected by transmitter pointing jitter, which stochastically modulates the received optical power and degrades communication performance. While adjusting the divergence of a conventional Gaussian beams can partially mitigate this effect, the optimum far-field irradiance distribution for maximizing link performance has not been formally derived. In this work, we introduce a variational formalism to determine the optimum far-field irradiance for an intersatellite link affected by pointing jitter. The flat-top beam is found to be the optimum beam shape for minimizing outage probability. In particular, it requires $\sim37,8\%$ of the power needed by a conventional Gaussian beam to achieve the same outage probability. However, the flat-top profile is discontinuous and physically unrealizable. To address this, we analyze a continuous family of super-Gaussian beam shapes that approximate the flat-top as the order increases. In addition, several coherent and incoherent beam shaping techniques are evaluated to assess their ability to reproduce the optimum irradiance distribution. The results show that these techniques can reduce the required transmitted power by up to $\sim50\%$ compared with conventional Gaussian beams.