arXiv subjects

Jaydeep Datta

Publications and source records attributed to Jaydeep Datta.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2025

Design, simulation and performance of the resistive-anode PICOSEC Micromegas detector

The PICOSEC Micromegas detector is a Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detector concept developed to achieve tens of picosecond timing resolution for charged particle detection by combining a Cherenkov radiator with a two-stage Micromegas amplification structure. To improve operational robustness, a resistive anode has been implemented using a DLC layer deposited on a Kapton substrate. While this design enhances detector stability, the resistive layer may influence rate capability, signal formation, and detector capacitance, altering timing performance. This work presents a comprehensive study of a resistive design, including an analytical model and finite-element simulations to quantify rate-dependent gain reduction due to ohmic voltage drop on the resistive layer. An analytical solution for the voltage across a finite-size resistive layer is derived, and a numerical model is developed to evaluate gain suppression under intense particle fluxes. The impact of the resistive layer on signal formation is investigated using time-dependent weighting fields and the Garfield++ simulation framework. The contribution of signal components induced by the resistive layer is quantified, and preservation of the signal leading edge is found for surface resistivities above 100 kohm per square. Single-channel resistive-anode prototypes were designed, constructed, and experimentally characterized. Laboratory measurements using single photoelectrons and power spectral density analysis show the predicted reduction in signal amplitude while preserving the leading edge. Muon beam tests with CsI and DLC photocathodes demonstrate a time resolution of 11.5 ps for CsI, comparable to 11.9 ps for the metallic-anode device, showing the suitability of the resistive design for precision timing applications.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2025

Realizing the Scientific Program with Polarized Ion Beams at EIC

Polarized ion beams at the Electron Ion Collider are essential to address some of the most important open questions at the twenty-first century frontiers of understanding of the fundamental structure of matter. Here, we summarize the science case and identify polarized $^2$H, $^3$He, $^6$Li and $^7$Li ion beams as critical technology that will enable experiments which address the most important science. Further, we discuss the required ion polarimetry and spin manipulation in EIC. The current EIC accelerator design is presented. We identify a significant R\&D effort involving both national laboratories and universities that is required over about a decade to realize the polarized ion beams and estimate (based on previous experience) that it will require about 20 FTE over 10 years (or a total of about 200 FTE-years) of personnel, including graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, technicians and engineers. Attracting, educating and training a new generation of physicists in experimental spin techniques will be essential for successful realization. AI/ML is seen as having significant potential for both acceleration of R\&D and amplification of discovery in optimal realization of this unique quantum technology on a cutting-edge collider. The R\&D effort is synergistic with research in atomic physics and fusion energy science.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2024

Entanglement as a probe of hadronization

Recently, it was discovered that the proton structure at high energies exhibits maximal entanglement. This leads to a simple relation between the proton's parton distributions and the entropy of hadrons produced in high-energy inelastic interactions that has been experimentally confirmed. In this letter, we extend this approach to the production of jets. Here, the maximal entanglement predicts a relation between the jet fragmentation function and the entropy of hadrons produced in jet fragmentation. We test this relation using the ATLAS Collaboration data on jet production at the Large Hadron Collider and find good agreement between the prediction based on maximal entanglement within the jet and the data. This study represents the first use of the quantum entanglement framework in the experimental study of the hadronization process, offering a new perspective on the transition from perturbative to non-perturbative QCD. Our results open the door to a more comprehensive understanding of the quantum nature of hadronization.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2024

Numerical Modelling of Active Target Time Projection Chamber for Low Energy Nuclear Physic

A numerical model based on hydrodynamic approach has been developed to emulate the device dynamics of active target Time Projection Chamber which is utilized for studying nuclear reaction through three dimensional tracking of concerned low energy particles. The proposed model has been used to investigate the performance of a prototype active target Time Projection Chamber, namely SAT-TPC, to be fabricated at Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, for its application in nuclear physics experiments. A case study of non-relativistic elastic scattering $^4He+^{12}C$ with beam energy $25~MeV$ and current $2.3~pA$ has been opted for this purpose. The effect of beam induced space charge on the tracking performance the SAT-TPC prototype has been studied to optimize the beam current and scheme of the anode readout segmentation. The model has been validated by comparing its results to that of a particle model used to explain observed distortion in scattered particle tracks in a low energy nuclear physics experiment.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2024

JUNO Sensitivity to Invisible Decay Modes of Neutrons

We explore the decay of bound neutrons into invisible particles (e.g., $n\rightarrow 3 \nu$ or $nn \rightarrow 2 \nu$) in the JUNO liquid scintillator detector, which do not produce an observable signal. The invisible decay includes two decay modes: $ n \rightarrow { inv} $ and $ nn \rightarrow { inv} $. The invisible decays of $s$-shell neutrons in $^{12}{\rm C}$ will leave a highly excited residual nucleus. Subsequently, some de-excitation modes of the excited residual nuclei can produce a time- and space-correlated triple coincidence signal in the JUNO detector. Based on a full Monte Carlo simulation informed with the latest available data, we estimate all backgrounds, including inverse beta decay events of the reactor antineutrino $\bar{\nu}_e$, natural radioactivity, cosmogenic isotopes and neutral current interactions of atmospheric neutrinos. Pulse shape discrimination and multivariate analysis techniques are employed to further suppress backgrounds. With two years of exposure, JUNO is expected to give an order of magnitude improvement compared to the current best limits. After 10 years of data taking, the JUNO expected sensitivities at a 90% confidence level are $\tau/B( n \rightarrow { inv} ) > 5.0 \times 10^{31} \, {\rm yr}$ and $\tau/B( nn \rightarrow { inv} ) > 1.4 \times 10^{32} \, {\rm yr}$.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2024

Potential to identify neutrino mass ordering with reactor antineutrinos at JUNO

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a multi-purpose neutrino experiment under construction in South China. This paper presents an updated estimate of JUNO's sensitivity to neutrino mass ordering using the reactor antineutrinos emitted from eight nuclear reactor cores in the Taishan and Yangjiang nuclear power plants. This measurement is planned by studying the fine interference pattern caused by quasi-vacuum oscillations in the oscillated antineutrino spectrum at a baseline of 52.5~km and is completely independent of the CP violating phase and neutrino mixing angle $\theta_{23}$. The sensitivity is obtained through a joint analysis of JUNO and Taishan Antineutrino Observatory (TAO) detectors utilizing the best available knowledge to date about the location and overburden of the JUNO experimental site, local and global nuclear reactors, JUNO and TAO detector responses, expected event rates and spectra of signals and backgrounds, and systematic uncertainties of analysis inputs. We find that a 3$\sigma$ median sensitivity to reject the wrong mass ordering hypothesis can be reached with an exposure to approximately 6.5 years $\times$ 26.6 GW thermal power.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2024

Prediction of Energy Resolution in the JUNO Experiment

This paper presents an energy resolution study of the JUNO experiment, incorporating the latest knowledge acquired during the detector construction phase. The determination of neutrino mass ordering in JUNO requires an exceptional energy resolution better than 3\% at 1~MeV. To achieve this ambitious goal, significant efforts have been undertaken in the design and production of the key components of the JUNO detector. Various factors affecting the detection of inverse beta decay signals have an impact on the energy resolution, extending beyond the statistical fluctuations of the detected number of photons, such as the properties of the liquid scintillator, performance of photomultiplier tubes, and the energy reconstruction algorithm. To account for these effects, a full JUNO simulation and reconstruction approach is employed. This enables the modeling of all relevant effects and the evaluation of associated inputs to accurately estimate the energy resolution. The results of study reveal an energy resolution of 2.95\% at 1~MeV. Furthermore, this study assesses the contribution of major effects to the overall energy resolution budget. This analysis serves as a reference for interpreting future measurements of energy resolution during JUNO data collection. Moreover, it provides a guideline for comprehending the energy resolution characteristics of liquid scintillator-based detectors.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2024

Numerical simulation of charging up, accumulation of space charge and formation of discharges

Aging and stability of gaseous ionization detectors are intricately related to charging up, accumulation of space charge and formation of discharges. All these phenomena, in their turn, depend on the dynamics of charged particles within the device. Because of the large number of particles involved and their complex interactions, the dynamic processes of generation and loss of charged particles, and their transport within the detector volume are extremely expensive to simulate numerically. In this work, we propose and evaluate possible algorithms / approaches that show some promise in relation to the above-mentioned problems. Several important ionization detectors having parallel plate configurations, such as GEM, Micromegas, RPCs and THGEMs, are considered for this purpose. Information related to primary ionization is obtained from HEED, while all the transport properties are evaluated using MAGBOLTZ. The transport dynamics have been followed using two different approaches. In one, particle description using neBEM-Garfield++ combination has been used. For this purpose, the neBEM solver has been significantly improved such that perturbations due to the charged particles present within the device are considered while estimating electric field. In the other approach, the transport is simulated following hydrodynamic model using COMSOL during which the electric field is also provided by COMSOL where it is easy to set up space charge effects. A comparison between these possible approaches will be presented. Effect of different simulation parameters will also be demonstrated using simple examples.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2023

Real-time Monitoring for the Next Core-Collapse Supernova in JUNO

The core-collapse supernova (CCSN) is considered one of the most energetic astrophysical events in the universe. The early and prompt detection of neutrinos before (pre-SN) and during the supernova (SN) burst presents a unique opportunity for multi-messenger observations of CCSN events. In this study, we describe the monitoring concept and present the sensitivity of the system to pre-SN and SN neutrinos at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector currently under construction in South China. The real-time monitoring system is designed to ensure both prompt alert speed and comprehensive coverage of progenitor stars. It incorporates prompt monitors on the electronic board as well as online monitors at the data acquisition stage. Assuming a false alert rate of 1 per year, this monitoring system exhibits sensitivity to pre-SN neutrinos up to a distance of approximately 1.6 (0.9) kiloparsecs and SN neutrinos up to about 370 (360) kiloparsecs for a progenitor mass of 30 solar masses, considering both normal and inverted mass ordering scenarios. The pointing ability of the CCSN is evaluated by analyzing the accumulated event anisotropy of inverse beta decay interactions from pre-SN or SN neutrinos. This, along with the early alert, can play a crucial role in facilitating follow-up multi-messenger observations of the next galactic or nearby extragalactic CCSN.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2023

FPGA-Based Data Acquisition System for Muon Scattering Tomography

Muon scattering tomography is a non-destructive imaging technique that utilizes the penetrating properties and multiple Coulomb scattering of muons to produce detailed internal images of objects. This information is crucial for various applications, including material identification, civil structure investigation, geological surveys, archaeological investigations, and industrial inspections. In this work, we present the development of a multi-channel DAQ for muon tracking in a muon scattering tomography setup. The salient features of the proposed DAQ system include the direct acquisition and processing of LVDS signals, a 500MHz sampling frequency, and scalability. It consists of a front-end electronics stage built around the NINO ASIC, while the back-end electronics are configured with an Intel Altera MAX-10 FPGA development board, which transmits data to storage following the UART protocol. The performance of the DAQ system is tested with an RPC prototype to demonstrate its capability to accurately acquire two-dimensional position information of muon events. The proposed system provides an effective solution for large-scale muon tracking applications in non-destructive evaluation techniques such as muon scattering tomography.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2023

JUNO sensitivity to $^7$Be, $pep$, and CNO solar neutrinos

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), the first multi-kton liquid scintillator detector, which is under construction in China, will have a unique potential to perform a real-time measurement of solar neutrinos well below the few MeV threshold typical for Water Cherenkov detectors. JUNO's large target mass and excellent energy resolution are prerequisites for reaching unprecedented levels of precision. In this paper, we provide estimation of the JUNO sensitivity to 7Be, pep, and CNO solar neutrinos that can be obtained via a spectral analysis above the 0.45 MeV threshold. This study is performed assuming different scenarios of the liquid scintillator radiopurity, ranging from the most opti mistic one corresponding to the radiopurity levels obtained by the Borexino experiment, up to the minimum requirements needed to perform the neutrino mass ordering determination with reactor antineutrinos - the main goal of JUNO. Our study shows that in most scenarios, JUNO will be able to improve the current best measurements on 7Be, pep, and CNO solar neutrino fluxes. We also perform a study on the JUNO capability to detect periodical time variations in the solar neutrino flux, such as the day-night modulation induced by neutrino flavor regeneration in Earth, and the modulations induced by temperature changes driven by helioseismic waves.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2022

Study of space charge phenomena in GEM-based detectors

Space charge accumulation within GEM holes is one of the vital phenomena which affects many of the key working parameters of the detector. This accumulation is found to be significantly affected by the initial primary charge configurations and applied GEM voltages since they determine charge sharing and the subsequent evolution of detector response. In this work, we have studied the effects of space charge phenomena on different parameters for single GEM detectors using a hybrid numerical model.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2022

Studies on Electrical Properties of Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC)

A numerical model based on Finite Element Method (FEM) has been developed to simulate the electrical properties of RPC utilizing the law of current conservation. It has been used to systematically investigate the effect of the electrical as well as the geometrical parameters of the device components on the potential distribution and field configuration which govern the RPC performance. The numerical model has been validated by comparing the dark current and electric field with those produced by another mathematical model based on surface currents. The efficacy of the present model has been demonstrated by comparing its results to the experimental measurements performed with a glass RPC. The measured and estimated values of these observables have been found to be in good agreement.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2022

Numerical calculation of RPC time resolution

Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) is a gaseous detector, known for its good spatial resolution and excellent time resolution. Due to its fast response and excellent time resolution, it is used for both triggering and timing purpose. But the time resolution of RPC is dependent on the detector geometry, applied voltage and the gas mixture used for detector operation. In this work, we have tried to develop a numerical model to estimate the time resolution of the detector. The model is developed using COMSOL Multiphysics, a commercially available finite element method solver. Using the primary ionization information from HEED and the electron transport properties from MAGBOLTZ, the model solves the Boltzmann equations to simulate the avalanche in the detector and finds the time to cross a previously determined threshold current, which is used to measure the time resolution of the detector.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2021

Neutrino Oscillation parameter determination at INO-ICAL using track and hit information from GEANT

We study the capability of INO-ICAL to determine the atmospheric neutrino oscillation parameters $|\Delta m^2_{31}|$ and $\sin^2 \theta_{23}$. We do not use any generator level information. Instead, we process the generated atmospheric neutrino events through GEANT4 simulation of the detector and the event reconstruction framework. Among the outputs of this framework, only the momentum and direction of the longest track were used in a previous study by other authors. In this study, in addition to these variables, we consider a third variable based on additional hits, which arise due to hadrons in the event. We show that the inclusion of the this variable leads to a 30% reduction in the uncertainties of $|\Delta m^2_{31}|$ for a 5-year run of ICAL. We find that doubling the exposure time leads to a 30% reduction in the uncertainties of both $|\Delta m^2_{31}|$ and $\sin^2 \theta_{23}$.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2021

Numerical estimation of discharge probability in GEM-based detectors

Discharge probability in GEM-based gaseous detectors has been numerically estimated using an axisymmetric hydrodynamic model. Initial primary charge configurations in the drift region, obtained using Heed and Geant4, are found to have significant effect on the subsequent evolution of detector response. Simulation of energy resolution has been performed to establish the capability of the hydrodynamic model to capture statistical nature of the experimental situation. Finally, single and triple GEM configurations exposed to alpha sources have been simulated to estimate discharge probability which have been compared with available experimental data. Despite the simplifying and drastic assumptions in the numerical model, the comparisons are encouraging.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2021

Numerical Qualification of Eco-Friendly Gas Mixtures for Avalanche-Mode Operation of Resistive Plate Chambers in INO-ICAL

Numerical qualification of an eco-friendly alternative gas mixture for avalanche mode operation of Resistive Plate Chambers is the soul of this work. To identify the gas mixture, a numerical model developed elsewhere by the authors has been first established by comparing the simulated figure of merits (efficiency and streamer probability) with the experimental data for the gas mixture used in INO-ICAL. Then it has been used to simulate the same properties of a gas mixture based on argon, carbon di-oxide and nitrogen, identified as potential replacement by studying its different properties. Efficacy of this eco-friendly gas mixture has been studied by comparing the simulated result with the standard gas mixture used in INO-ICAL as well as with experimental data of other eco-friendly hydrofluorocarbon (HFO1234ze) based potential replacements. To increase the efficacy of the proposed gas mixture, studies of the traditional way (addition of a little amount of SF$_6$) and an alternative approach (exploring the option of high-end electronics) were carried out.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2021

Numerical Evaluation of a muon tomography system for imaging defects in concrete structures

Among numerous applications of muon tomography, deployment in civil structures has caught attraction of many recently. In this work, the appropriateness of muon scattering tomography to detect defects in concrete structures has been studied numerically. A few basic concrete structures that are frequently used in civil construction, have been considered as test cases. A simulation has been performed on Geant4 platform where an imaging setup built with several gaseous ionization detectors, having a specific spatial resolution for tracking the muons, have been modeled. The images of the test cases with and without the defect have been simulated for a month-long exposure of cosmic muons on the basis of their scattering from the composite concrete structures. The images have been compared using t-test to evaluate the performance of the imaging setup in identifying the defects. Further processing of the images has been done with a pattern recognition method proposed in our earlier work to improve defect identification. The efficacy of the said method has been evaluated in terms of the PRM-score devised in this work. The limitation and advantages of the present application of the muon scattering tomography encompassing the imaging and image processing technique in non-destructive evaluation of concrete structures have been discussed.

hep-ex↗