arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Jean Bourgain.
The Fourier series of continuous functions of constant absolute value have interesting properties : according to the main theorems of the article, if the coefficients with positive indexes are square-summable with respect to a certain weight (any real positive power of the index), the same is true for negative indexes. The result extends to VMO and does not to bounded measurable functions.
Let Gamma < SL(2,Z) be a free, finitely generated Fuchsian group of the second kind with no parabolics, and fix two primitive non-zero vectors v0, w0 in Z^2. We consider the set S of all integers occurring in , for gamma in Gamma. Assume that the limit set of Gamma has Hausdorff dimension delta>0.99995, that is, Gamma is thin but not too thin. Using a variant of the circle method, new bilinear forms estimates and Gamburd's 5/6-th spectral gap in infinite-volume, we show that S contains almost all of its admissible primes, that is, those not excluded by local (congruence) obstructions. Moreover, we show that the exceptional set E(N) of integers |n| =1) but fail to be globally represented, n is not in S, has a power savings, $|E(N)| << N^{1-epsilon0}$ for some epsilon>0.
We prove various orbital counting statements for Fuchsian groups of the second kind. These are of independent interest, and also are used in the companion paper [BourgainKontorovich2009] to produce primes in the Affine Linear Sieve.
A bounded Apollonian circle packing (ACP) is an ancient Greek construction which is made by repeatedly inscribing circles into the triangular interstices in a Descartes configuration of four mutually tangent circles. Remarkably, if the original four circles have integer curvature, all of the circles in the packing will have integer curvature as well. In this paper, we compute a lower bound for the number $κ(P,X)$ of integers less than $X$ occurring as curvatures in a bounded integer ACP $P$, and prove a conjecture of Graham, Lagarias, Mallows, Wilkes, and Yan that the ratio $κ(P,X)/X$ is greater than 0 for $X$ tending to infinity.
A celebrated theorem of Selberg states that for congruence subgroups of SL(2,Z) there are no exceptional eigenvalues below 3/16. We prove a generalization of Selberg's theorem for infinite index "congruence" subgroups of SL(2,Z). Consequently we obtain sharp upper bounds in the affine linear sieve, where in contrast to \cite{BGS} we use an archimedean norm to order the elements.
We establish uniform upper and lower bounds on the restrictions of the eigenfunctions of the Laplacian on the 2- and 3-dimensional standard flat torus to smooth hyper-surfaces with non-vanishing curvature.
Let $M_n$ be an $n$ by $n$ random matrix where each entry is +1 or -1 independently with probability 1/2. Our main result implies that the probability that $M_n$ is singular is at most $(1/\sqrt{2} + o(1))^n$, improving on the previous best upper bound of $(3/4 + o(1))^n$ proven by Tao and Vu in arXiv:math/0501313v2. This paper follows a similar approach to the Tao and Vu result, including using a variant of their structure theorem. We also extend this type of exponential upper bound on the probability that a random matrix is singular to a large class of discrete random matrices taking values in the complex numbers, where the entries are independent but are not necessarily identically distributed.
Starting from a problem in number theory, the article investigates the properties of the couples of Fourier transforms on the real line, f and g, real and even, f >= 0 out of an interval (-a, a) and f(0) < 0, g >= 0 out of an interval (-b, b) and g(0) < 0 . How small the product ab can be ? There is a strictly positive lower bound, the exact value is not known. The same problem is considered in several dimensions (where it is related to number theory, as the article points out).
We prove that the Cauchy problem for the three dimensional Navier-Stokes equations is ill posed in $\dot{B}^{-1,\infty}_{\infty}$ in the sense that a ``norm inflation'' happens in finite time. More precisely, we show that initial data in the Schwartz class $\mathcal{S}$ that are arbitrarily small in $\dot{B}^{-1, \infty}_{\infty}$ can produce solutions arbitrarily large in $\dot{B}^{-1, \infty}_{\infty}$ after an arbitrarily short time. Such a result implies that the solution map itself is discontinuous in $\dot{B}^{-1, \infty}_{\infty}$ at the origin.
We construct an example of two continuous maps f and g of the circle to itself with the same absolute value of the Fourier transform but with different winding numbers, answering a question of Brezis.
Let $A$ be a subset of a finite field $F := \Z/q\Z$ for some prime $q$. If $|F|^δ< |A| < |F|^{1-δ}$ for some $δ> 0$, then we prove the estimate $|A+A| + |A.A| \geq c(δ) |A|^{1+\eps}$ for some $\eps = \eps(δ) > 0$. This is a finite field analogue of a result of Erdos and Szemeredi. We then use this estimate to prove a Szemeredi-Trotter type theorem in finite fields, and obtain a new estimate for the Erdos distance problem in finite fields, as well as the three-dimensional Kakeya problem in finite fields.
We prove the following theorem: for all positive integers $b$ there exists a positive integer $k$, such that for every finite set $A$ of integers with cardinality $|A| > 1$, we have either $$ |A + ... + A| \geq |A|^b$$ or $$ |A \cdot ... \cdot A| \geq |A|^b$$ where $A + ... + A$ and $A \cdot ... \cdot A$ are the collections of $k$-fold sums and products of elements of $A$ respectively. This is progress towards a conjecture of Erdös and Szemerédi on sum and product sets.
We prove that at large disorder, with large probability and for a set of Diophantine frequencies of large measure, Anderson localization in $\Bbb Z^d$ is {\it stable} under localized time-quasi-periodic perturbations by proving that the associated quasi-energy operator has pure point spectrum. The main tools are the Fröhlich-Spencer mechanism for the random component and the Bourgain-Goldstein-Schlag mechanism for the quasi-periodic component. The formulation of this problem is motivated by questions of Anderson localization for non-linear Schrödinger equations.
The two main results of the article are concerned with Anderson Localization for one-dimensional lattice Schroedinger operators with quasi-periodic potentials with d frequencies. First, in the case d = 1 or 2, it is proved that the spectrum is pure-point with exponentially decaying eigenfunctions for all potentials (defined in terms of a trigonometric polynomial on the d-dimensional torus) for which the Lyapounov exponents are strictly positive for all frequencies and all energies. Second, for every non-constant real-analytic potential and with a Diophantine set of d frequencies, a lower bound is given for the Lyapounov exponents for the same potential rescaled by a sufficiently large constant.